Chapter 1110

Par"ti*cle (?) , n. [L. particula , dim of pars , gen partis , a part: cf. F. particule . See Part , and cf. Parcel .] 1. A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of dust .

The small size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle of light. Blackmore.

2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has not a particle of patriotism or virtue .

The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least particle to recede. Clarendon.

3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b) The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity.

Bp. Fitzpatrick.

4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in compositions; as, ward in back ward , ly in love ly .

<-- elementary particle (Physics) -->

Particolored <Xpage=1046>

Par"ti*col`ored , a. Same as Party-colored .

Particular <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*lar (?) , a. [OE. particuler , F. particulier , L. particularis . See Particle .] 1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a constellation .

Shak.

[/Make] each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the fretful porpentine. Shak.

Seken in every halk and every herne Particular sciences for to lerne. Chaucer.

2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular. "Thine own particular wrongs."

Shak.

Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth. Bacon.

3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular news; she was the particular belle of the party.

4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident ; hence, nice; fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress .

5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder . (b) Holding a particular estate; as, a particular tenant .

Blackstone.

6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular proposition; -- opposed to universal : e. g. ( particular affirmative) Some men are wise; ( particular negative) Some men are not wise.

Particular average . See under Average . -- Particular Baptist , one of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation. -- Particular lien (Law) , a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular thing. -- Particular redemption , the doctrine that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the human race. See Calvinism .

Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See Minute .

Particular <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*lar (?) , n. 1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be considered separately; as, the particulars of a story .

Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal. Bacon.

It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of the community. L'Estrange.

2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality; interest, etc. [Obs.]

For his particular I'll receive him gladly. Shak.

If the particulars of each person be considered. Milton.

Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or such as concern our particular . Whole Duty of Man.

3. (Law) One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in the pl .; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a particular of premises .

The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was written. Ayliffe.

Bill of particulars . See under Bill . -- In particular , specially; peculiarly. "This, in particular , happens to the lungs." Blackmore . -- To go into particulars , to relate or describe in detail or minutely.

Particularism <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?) , n. [Cf. F. particularisme .] 1. A minute description; a detailed statement. [R.]

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular election.

3. (German Politics) Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those of the empire.

Particularist <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*lar*ist , n. [Cf. F. particulariste .] One who holds to particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic , a.

Particularity <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Particularities (#) . [Cf. F. particularit\'82 .] 1. The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.

2. That which is particular ; as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual characteristic; peculiarity . "An old heathen altar with this particularity ." Addison . (b) Special circumstance; minute detail; particular . "Even descending to particularities ." Sir P. Sidney . (c) Something of special or private concern or interest.

Let the general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty sounds To cease! Shak .

Particularization <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?) , n. The act of particularizing.

Coleridge.

Particularize <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Particularized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Particularizing (?) .] [Cf. F. particulariser .] To give as a particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.

He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but particularizes his descent from Benjamin. Atterbury.

Particularize <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*lar*ize , v. i. To mention or attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a narrative .

Particularly <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*lar*ly , adv. 1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly.

2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly fortunate man; a particularly bad failure.

The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part of his character. Dryden.

Particularment <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?) , n. A particular; a detail. [Obs.]

Particulate <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*late (?) , v. t. & i. [See Particle .] To particularize. [Obs.]

Particulate <Xpage=1046>

Par*tic"u*late (?) , a. 1. Having the form of a particle.

2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs, etc. [R.]

The smallpox is a particulate disease. Tyndall.

Parting <Xpage=1046>

Par"ting (?) , a. [From Part , v. ] 1. Serving to part; dividing; separating.

2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give him that parting kiss."

Shak.

3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest."

Pope.

4. Admitting of being parted; partible.

Parting fellow , a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer . -- Parting pulley . See under Pulley . -- Parting sand (Founding) , dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. -- Parting strip (Arch.) , in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights. -- Parting tool (Mach.) , a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece in two.

<page="1047"> Page 1047

Parting <Xpage=1047>

Par"ting (?) , n. 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation. "The parting of the way."

Ezek. xxi. 21.

2. A separation; a leave-taking.

Shak.

And there were sudden partings , such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron.

3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.

4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets that of another section.

5. (Chem.) The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.

6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.

7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.

8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamell\'91.

Partisan <Xpage=1047>

Par"ti*san (?) , n. [F., fr. It. partigiano . See Party , and cf. Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan .] 1. An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party or an interest. "The violence of a partisan ."

Macaulay.

Both sides had their partisans in the colony. Jefferson.

2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a corps.

Partisan <Xpage=1047>

Par"ti*san , a. [Written also partizan .] 1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by partisan zeal .

2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan officer or corps .

Partisan ranger (Mil.) , a member of a partisan corps.

Partisan <Xpage=1047>

Par"ti*san , n. [F. pertuisane , prob. fr. It. partigiana , influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon of some partisans , or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.

And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave. Shak.

Partisanship <Xpage=1047>

Par"ti*san*ship , n. The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.

Partita <Xpage=1047>

Par*ti"ta (?) , n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations.

Partite <Xpage=1047>

Par"tite (?) , a. [L. partitus , p.p. of partire to part, divide, from pars . See Part , and cf. Party , a. ] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base; as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base .

Partition <Xpage=1047>

Par*ti"tion (?) , n. [F. partition , L. partitio . See Part , v. ] 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom .

And good from bad find no partition . Shak.

2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick partition ; lath and plaster partitions .

No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass. Dryden.

3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.] "Lodged in a small partition ."

Milton.

4. (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.

5. (Mus.) A score.

Partition of numbers (Math.) , the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions.

Brande & C.

Partition <Xpage=1047>

Par*ti"tion (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Partitioning .] 1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to partition an estate among various heirs .

2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to partition a house .

Uniform without, though severally partitioned within. Bacon.

Partitionment <Xpage=1047>

Par*ti"tion*ment (?) , n. The act of partitioning.

Partitive <Xpage=1047>

Par"ti*tive (?) , a. [Cf. F. partitif .] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a partitive genitive .

Partitive <Xpage=1047>

Par"ti*tive , n. (Gram.) A word expressing partition, or denoting a part.

Partitively <Xpage=1047>

Par"ti*tive*ly , adv. In a partitive manner.

Partlet <Xpage=1047>

Part"let (?) , n. [Dim. of part .] 1. A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff. [Obs.]

Fuller.

2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame Partlett , the hen."

Shak.

Partly <Xpage=1047>

Part"ly , adv. In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly believe it."

1 Cor. xi. 18.

Partner <Xpage=1047>

Part"ner (?) , n. [For parcener , influenced by part .] 1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. " Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c) One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, of a business.

My other self, the partner of my life. Milton.

2. (Law) An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a partnership. See Partnership .

3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like.

Dormant , &or; Silent , partner . See under Dormant , a.

Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.

Partner <Xpage=1047>

Part"ner , v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.]

Shak.

Partnership <Xpage=1047>

Part"ner*ship , n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state.

2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.

Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by fatal partnership of power. Rowe.

He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership . Dryden.

3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; as, to form a partnership .

4. (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or adventure.

Kent. Story.

&hand; Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary the test of, a partnership.

5. (Arith.) See Fellowship , n. , 6.

Limited partnership , a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam , the title given to the limited partnership (F. soci\'82t\'82 en commandit\'82 ) of the French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill . -- Silent partnership , the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only.

Partook <Xpage=1047>

Par*took" (?) , imp. of Partake .

Partridge <Xpage=1047>

Par"tridge (?) , n. [OE. partriche , pertriche , OF. pertris , perdriz , F. perdrix , L. perdix , -icis , fr. Gr. <?/.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus Perdix and several related genera of the family Perdicid\'91 , of the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.

Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. Chaucer.

&hand; The common European, or gray, partridge ( Perdix cinerea ) and the red-legged partridge ( Caccabis rubra ) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known species.

2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to Colinus , and allied genera. [U.S.]

&hand; Among them are the bobwhite ( Colinus Virginianus ) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge ( Oreortyx pictus ) of California; the Massena partridge ( Cyrtonyx Montezum\'91 ); and the California partridge ( Callipepla Californica ).

3. The ruffed grouse ( Bonasa umbellus ). [New Eng.]