Chapter 1106

Par"don*er (?) , n. 1. One who pardons.

Shak.

2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Pardoning <Xpage=1042>

Par"don*ing , a. Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a pardoning God.

Pare <Xpage=1042>

Pare (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pared (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Paring .] [F. parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to prepare. Cf. Empire , Parade , Pardon , Parry , Prepare .] 1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof.

2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away ; as; to pare off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.

3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.

The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. Bacon.

Paregoric <Xpage=1042>

Par`e*gor"ic (?) a. [L. paregoricus , Gr. <?/, from <?/ addressing, encouraging, soothing; <?/ beside + <?/ an assembly: cf. F. par\'82gorique . See Allegory .] Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, paregoric elixir .

Paregoric <Xpage=1042>

Par`e*gor"ic , n. (Med.) A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric elexir .

Parelcon <Xpage=1042>

Pa*rel"con (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ to draw aside, to be redundant; <?/ beside + <?/ to draw.] (Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.

Parelectronomic <Xpage=1042>

Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?) , a. (Physiol.) Of or relating to parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle .

Parelectronomy <Xpage=1042>

Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?) , n. [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. <?/ law.] (Physiol.) A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.

Parella, Parelle <Xpage=1042>

Pa*rel"la (?) , Pa`relle (?) , n. [Cf. F. parelle .] (Bot.) (a) A name for two kinds of dock ( Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum ). (b) A kind of lichen ( Lecanora parella ) once used in dyeing and in the preparation of litmus.

Parembole <Xpage=1042>

Pa*rem"bo*le (<?/) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ an insertion beside. See Para- , and Embolus .] (Rhet.) A kind of parenthesis .

<page="1043"> Page 1043

Parement <Xpage=1043>

Pare"ment (?) , n. See Parament . [Obs.]

Paremptosis <Xpage=1043>

Par`emp*to"sis (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ a coming in beside; <?/ beside + <?/ to fall in.] Same as Parembole .

Parenchyma <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ren"chy*ma (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pour in beside; <?/ beside + <?/ in + <?/ to pour: cf. F. parenchyme .] (Biol.) The soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.

Parenchymal <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ren"chy*mal (?) , a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.

Parenchymatous, Parenchymous <Xpage=1043>

Par`en*chym"a*tous (?) , Pa*ren"chy*mous (?) , a. [Cf. F. parenchymateux .] Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration .

Parenesis <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ren"e*sis (?) , n. [L. paraenesis , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to advise.] Exhortation. [R.]

Parenetic, Parenetioal <Xpage=1043>

Par`e*net"ic (?) , Par`e*net"io*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/: cf. F. par\'82n\'82tique .] Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.]

F. Potter.

Parent <Xpage=1043>

Par"ent (?) , n. [L. parens , -entis ; akin to parere to bring forth; cf. Gr. <?/ to give, beget: cf. F. parent . Cf. Part .] 1. One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.

Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1.

2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness is the parent of vice .

Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Channing.

Parent cell . (Biol.) See Mother cell , under Mother , also Cytula . -- Parent nucleus (Biol.) , a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis , and Cell division , under Division .

Parentage <Xpage=1043>

Par"ent*age (?) , n. [Cf. F. parentage relationship.] Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble parentage . "Wilt thou deny thy parentage ?"

Shak.

Though men esteem thee low of parentage . Milton.

Parental <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ren"tal (?) , a. [L. parentalis .] 1. Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority; parental obligations.

2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate; devoted; as, parental care .

The careful course and parental provision of nature. Sir T. Browne.

Parentally <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ren"tal*ly , adv. In a parental manner.

Parentation <Xpage=1043>

Par`en*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. parentatio , fr. parentare to offer a solemn sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent .] Something done or said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.]

Abp. Potter.

Parentele <Xpage=1043>

Par"en`tele` (?) , n. [F. parent\'8ale , L. parentela .] Kinship; parentage. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Parenthesis <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ren"the*sis (?) , n. ; pl. Parentheses (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put in beside, insert; <?/ beside + <?/ in + <?/ to put, place. See Para- , En- , 2, and Thesis .]

1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory parenthesis ."

Sir T. Browne.

Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long parenthesis . Watts.

2. (Print.) One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase.

&hand; Parenthesis , in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation.

Parenthesize <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ren"the*size (?) , v. t. To make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical marks.

Lowell.

Parenthetic, Patenthetical <Xpage=1043>

Par`en*thet"ic (?) , Pat`en*thet"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. Gr. <?/.] 1. Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic remark.

A parenthetical observation of Moses himself. Hales.

2. Using or containing parentheses.

Parenthetically <Xpage=1043>

Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly , adv. In a parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by parentheses.

Parenthood <Xpage=1043>

Par"ent*hood (?) , n. The state of a parent; the office or character of a parent.

Parentticide <Xpage=1043>

Pa*rent"ti*cide (?) , n. [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent + caedere to kill.]

1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.]

2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.]

Parentless <Xpage=1043>

Par"ent*less (?) , a. Deprived of parents.

Parepididymis <Xpage=1043>

Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?) , n. [NL. See Para- , and Epididymis .] (Anat.) A small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the Wolffian body.

Parer <Xpage=1043>

Par"er (?) , n. [From Pare , v. t. ] One who, or that which, pares; an instrument for paring.

Parergon <Xpage=1043>

Pa*rer"gon (?) , n. [L.] See Parergy .

Parergy <Xpage=1043>

Par"er*gy (?) , n. [L. parergon , Gr. <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ work.] Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Paresis <Xpage=1043>

Par"e*sis (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to let go; <?/ from + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation.

Parethmoid <Xpage=1043>

Par*eth"moid (?) , a. [Pref. para- + ethmoid .] (Anat.) Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone.

Paretic <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ret"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.

Parfay <Xpage=1043>

Par*fay" (?) , interj. [ Par + fay .] By my faith; verily. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Parfit <Xpage=1043>

Par"fit (?) , a. Perfect. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Parfitly <Xpage=1043>

Par"fit*ly , adv. Perfectly. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Parforn, Parfourn <Xpage=1043>

Par*forn" (?) , Par*fourn" (?) , v. t. To perform. [Obs.]

Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

Pargasite <Xpage=1043>

Par"gas*ite (?) , n. [So called from Pargas , in Finland.] (Min.) A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.

Pargeboard <Xpage=1043>

Parge"board` (?) , n. See Bargeboard .

Parget <Xpage=1043>

Par"get (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pargeted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting .] [OE. pargeten , also spargeten , sparchen ; of uncertain origin.] 1. To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; as, to parget the outside of their houses .

Sir T. Herbert.

The pargeted ceiling with pendants. R. L. Stevenson.

2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.]

Parget <Xpage=1043>

Par"get , v. i. 1. To lay on plaster.

2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Parget <Xpage=1043>

Par"get , n. 1. Gypsum or plaster stone.

2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork.

Knight.

3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.]

Drayton.

Pargeter <Xpage=1043>

Par"get*er (?) , n. A plasterer.

Johnson.

Pargeting <Xpage=1043>

Par"get*ing , n. [Written also pargetting .] Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth surface and help the draught.

Pargetory <Xpage=1043>

Par"get*o*ry (?) , n. Something made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster. [Obs.]

Milton.

Parhelic <Xpage=1043>

Par*he"lic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to parhelia.

Parhelion <Xpage=1043>

Par*hel"ion (?) , n. ; pl. Parhelia (#) . [L. parelion , Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ the sun.] A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually called an anthelion . Often several mock suns appear at the same time. Cf. Paraselene .

Parhelium <Xpage=1043>

Par*he"li*um (?) , n. See Parhelion .

Pari- <Xpage=1043>

Par"i- (?) . [L. par , paris , equal.] A combining form signifying equal ; as, pari digitate, pari pinnate .

Pariah <Xpage=1043>

Pa"ri*ah (?) , n. [From Tamil paraiyan , pl. paraiyar , one of the low caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain festivals.]

1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste .

Balfour (Cyc. of India).

2. An outcast; one despised by society.

Pariah dog (Zo\'94l.) , a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zo\'94l.) , a species of kite ( Milvus govinda ) which acts as a scavenger in India.

Parial <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ri"al (?) , n. See Pair royal , under Pair , n.

Parian <Xpage=1043>

Pa"ri*an (?) , a. [L. Parius .] Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in the \'92gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian marble .

Parian chronicle , a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian marbles.

Parian <Xpage=1043>

Pa"ri*an , n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Paros.

2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.

Paridigitata <Xpage=1043>

Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Pari- , and Digitate .] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Artiodactyla .

Parjdigitate <Xpage=1043>

Par`j*dig"i*tate (?) , a. (Anat.) Having an evennumber of digits on the hands or the feet.

Qwen.

Paries <Xpage=1043>

Pa"ri*es (?) , n. ; pl. Parietes (#) . [See Parietes .] (Zo\'94l.) The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.

Parietal <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ri"e*tal (?) , a. [L. parietalis , fr. paries , -ietis , a wall: cf. F. pari\'82tal . Cf. Parietary , Pellitory .]

1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the care of them.

2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.

At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal Committee. B. H. Hall (1856).

3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.

4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; -- said of a placenta.

Parietal <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ri"e*tal , n. 1. (Anat.) One of the parietal bones.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and fishes.

Parietary <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?) , a. See Parietal , 2.

Parietary <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ri"e*ta*ry , n. [L. parietaria , fr. parietarius parietal. Cf. Pellitory , Parietal .] (Bot.) Any one of several species of Parietaria . See 1st Pellitory .

Parietes <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ri"e*tes (?) , n. pl. [L. paries a wall.]

1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal parietes ; the parietes of the cranium.

2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.

Parietic <Xpage=1043>

Pa`ri*et"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in the lichen Parmelia parietina , and called also chrysophanic acid .

Parietine <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ri"e*tine (?) , n. [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.]

Burton.

Parieto- <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ri"e*to- (<?/) . (Anat.) A combining form used to indicate connection with , or relation to , the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the skull ; as, the parieto -mastoid suture .

Parigenin <Xpage=1043>

Pa*rig"e*nin (?) , n. [ Pari llin + -gen + -in .] (Chem.) A curdy white substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.

Parillin <Xpage=1043>

Pa*ril"lin (?) , n. [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin .] (Chem.) A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also smilacin , sarsaparilla saponin , and sarsaparillin .

Paring <Xpage=1043>

Par"ing (?) , n. [From Pare , v. t. ] 1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.

2. That which is pared off.

Pope.

Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your hills. Mortimer.

Paripinnate <Xpage=1043>

Par`i*pin"nate (?) , a. [ Pari- + pinnate .] (Bot.) Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.

Paris <Xpage=1043>

Par"is (?) , n. [From Paris , the son of Priam.] (Bot.) A plant common in Europe ( Paris quadrifolia ); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic.

&hand; It much resembles the American genus Trillium , but has usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.

Paris <Xpage=1043>

Par"is , n. The chief city of France.

Paris green . See under Green , n. -- Paris white (Chem.) , purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white.

Parish <Xpage=1043>