Chapter 1105

Par`a*si"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) An artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b) A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also Siphonostomata .

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Parasital <Xpage=1042>

Par"a*si`tal (?) , a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites; parasitic.

Parasite <Xpage=1042>

Par"a*site (?) , n. [F., fr. L. parasitus , Gr. <?/, lit., eating beside, or at the table of, another; <?/ beside + <?/ to feed, from <?/ wheat, grain, food.]

1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.

Thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite , obey'st. Milton.

Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free guests at rich men's tables. Udall.

2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte . (b) A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia .

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.

Parasitic, Parasitical <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*sit"ic (?) , Par`a*sit"ic*al (?) , a. [L. parasiticus , Gr. <?/: cf. F. parasitique .]

1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors; sycophantic. " Parasitic preachers."

Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See Parasite , 2 & 3.

Parasitic gull , Parasitic jager . (Zo\'94l.) See Jager .

-- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly , adv. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness , n.

Parasiticide <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*sit"i*cide (?) , n. [ Parasite + L. caedere to kill.] Anything used to destroy parasites.

Quain.

Parasitism <Xpage=1042>

Par"a*si`tism (?) , n. [Cf. F. parasitisme .]

1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court parasitism ."

Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) The state of being parasitic.

Parasol <Xpage=1042>

Par"a*sol` (?) , n. [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol , or It. parasole ; It. parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol ). See Parry , Solar .] A kind of small umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.

Parasol <Xpage=1042>

Par"a*sol` , v. t. To shade as with a parasol. [R.]

Parasolette <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*sol*ette" (?) , n. A small parasol.

Parasphenoid <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*sphe"noid (?) , a. [Pref. para- + sphenoid .] (Anat.) Near the sphenoid bone; -- applied especially to a bone situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. -- n. The parasphenoid bone.

Parastichy <Xpage=1042>

Pa*ras"ti*chy (?) , n. [Pref. para- + Gr. <?/ a row.] (Bot.) A secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone.

Parasynaxis <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*syn*ax"is (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to assemble illegally or secretly.] (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting.

Parasynthetic <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/. See Para- , and Synthetic .] Formed from a compound word. " Parasynthetic derivatives."

Dr. Murray.

Paratactic <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*tac"tic (?) , a. (Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by, parataxis.

Parataxis <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*tax"is (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a placing beside, fr. <?/ to place beside.] (Gram.) The mere ranging of propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; -- opposed to syntax .

Brande & C.

Parathesis <Xpage=1042>

Pa*rath"e*sis (?) , n. ; pl. Paratheses (#) . [NL., from Gr. <?/ a putting beside, from <?/ to put beside.]

1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition.

2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward expanded.

Smart.

3. (Print.) The matter contained within brackets.

4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer.

Shipley.

Parathetic <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*thet"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to parathesis.

Paratonnerre <Xpage=1042>

Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?) , n. [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.

Paraunter <Xpage=1042>

Par*aun"ter (?) , adv. [ Par + aunter .] Peradventure. See Paraventure . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Parauque <Xpage=1042>

Pa*rauque" (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird ( Nyctidromus albicollis ) ranging from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.

Paravail <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*vail" (?) , a. [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per ) + aval down; a- (L. ad ) + val (L. vallis ) a valley. Cf. Paramount .] (Eng. Law) At the bottom; lowest.

Cowell.

&hand; In feudal law, the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another.

Wharton.

Paravant, Paravant <Xpage=1042>

Par"a*vant` (?) , Par"a*vant` (?) , adv. [OF. par avant . See Par , and lst Avaunt .]

1. In front; publicly. [Obs.]

Spenser.

2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Paraventure <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*ven"ture (?) , adv. [ Par + aventure .] Peradventure; perchance. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Paraxanthin <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*xan"thin (?) , n. [Pref. Para- + xanthin .] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small quantity in urine.

Paraxial <Xpage=1042>

Par*ax"i*al (?) , a. [Pref. para- + axial .] (Anat.) On either side of the axis of the skeleton.

Paraxylene <Xpage=1042>

Par`a*xy"lene (?) , n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer , and Xylene .

Parboil <Xpage=1042>

Par"boil` (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Parboiled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Parboiling .] [OE. parboilen , OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through (see Par ) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire . The sense has been influenced by E. part . See lst Boil .] 1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling. <-- the only def. in MW10. Also, used figuratively for "do (something) partly, incompletely" -->

Parbreak <Xpage=1042>

Par"break` (?) , v. i. & t. [ Par + break .] To throw out; to vomit. [Obs.]

Skelton.

Parbreak <Xpage=1042>

Par"break` , n. Vomit. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Parbuckle <Xpage=1042>

Par"buc`kle (?) , n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.

Parbuckle <Xpage=1042>

Par"buc`kle , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Parbuckled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Parbuckling (?) .] To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle.

Totten.

Parc\'91 <Xpage=1042>

Par"c\'91 (?) , n. pl. [L.] The Fates. See Fate , 4.

Parcase <Xpage=1042>

Par*case" (?) , adv. [ Par + case .] Perchance; by chance. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Parcel <Xpage=1042>

Par"cel (?) , n. [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL. particella , dim. of L. pars . See Part , n. , and cf. Particle .] 1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] "A parcel of her woe."

Chaucer.

Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot.

The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of self-government. J. A. Symonds.

2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of another piece .

3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group.

This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing. Shak.

4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet.

'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper.

Bill of parcels . See under 6th Bill . -- Parcel office , an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel post , that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel . See under Part .

Parcel <Xpage=1042>

Par"cel , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled ; p. pr. & vb. n. Parceling or Parcelling .]

1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or into . "Their woes are parceled , mine are general."

Shak.

These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden.

The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson.

2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.]

That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by Addition of his envy. Shak.

3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the machine parcels yarn, wool, etc.

To parcel a rope (Naut.) , to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten . -- To parcel a seam (Naut.) , to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas.

Parcel <Xpage=1042>

Par"cel , a. & adv. Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.]

The worthy dame was parcel -blind. Sir W. Scott.

One that . . . was parcel -bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson.

Parcel poet , a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Parceling <Xpage=1042>

Par"cel*ing , n. [Written also parcelling .]

1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.

2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.

Parcel-mele <Xpage=1042>

Par"cel-mele` (?) , adv. [See Parcel , and Meal a part.] By parcels or parts. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Parcenary <Xpage=1042>

Par"ce*na*ry (?) , n. [See Parcener , partner .] (Law) The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to two or more persons; coheirship.

&hand; It differs in many respects from joint tenancy , which is created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common.

Wharton. Kent.

Parcener <Xpage=1042>

Par"ce*ner (?) , n. [Of. par <?/ onnier , parsonnier , fr. parzon , par<?/un , parcion , part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition , and cf. Partner .] (Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one estate.

Parch <Xpage=1042>

Parch (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Parched (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Parching .] [OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF. perchier , another form of percier , F. percer . See Pierce .] 1. To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.

Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. Lev. xxiii. 14.

2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched from fever .

The ground below is parched . Dryden.

Parch <Xpage=1042>

Parch , v. i. To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry. " Parch in Afric sun."

Shak.

Parchedness <Xpage=1042>

Parch"ed*ness , n. The state of being parched.

Parchesi <Xpage=1042>

Par*che"si (?) , n. See Pachisi .

Parching <Xpage=1042>

Parch"ing (?) , a. Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching heat." Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly , adv.

Parchment <Xpage=1042>

Parch"ment (?) , n. [OE. parchemin , perchemin , F. parchemin , LL. pergamenum , L. pergamena , pergamina , fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first used.] 1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum .

But here's a parchment with the seal of C\'91sar. Shak.

2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp.

Parchment paper . See Papyrine .

Parcity <Xpage=1042>

Par"ci*ty (?) , n. [L. parcitas , fr. parcus sparing.] Sparingless. [Obs.]

Parclose <Xpage=1042>

Par"close (?) , n. [OF. See Perclose .] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen separating a chapel from the body of the church. [Written also paraclose and perclose .]

Hook.

Pard <Xpage=1042>

Pard (?) , n. [L. pardus , Gr. <?/; cf. Skr. p<?/d\'beku tiger, panther.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard; a panther.

And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain. Shak.

Pardale <Xpage=1042>

Par"dale (?) , n. [L. pardalis , Gr. <?/. Cf. Pard .] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Parde, Pardie <Xpage=1042>

Par*de" (?) , Par*die" (?) , adv. &or; interj. [F. pardi , for par Dieu by God.] Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath. [Written also pardee , pardieux , perdie , etc.] [Obs.]

He was, parde , an old fellow of yours. Chaucer.

Pardine <Xpage=1042>

Par"dine (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Spotted like a pard.

Pardine lynx (Zo\'94l.) , a species of lynx ( Felis pardina ) inhabiting Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.

Pardo <Xpage=1042>

Par"do (?) , n. [Pg. pardao , fr. Skr. prat\'bepa splendor, majesty.] A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts.

Pardon <Xpage=1042>

Par"don (?) , n. [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon , v. t. ] 1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.

Pardon , my lord, for me and for my tidings. Shak.

But infinite in pardon was my judge. Milton.

Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your pardon ; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg pardon .

2. An official warrant of remission of penalty.

Sign me a present pardon for my brother. Shak.

3. The state of being forgiven.

South.

4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty , which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses.

Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness .

Pardon <Xpage=1042>

Par"don , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pardoned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning .] [Either fr. pardon , n., or from F. pardonner , LL. perdonare ; L. per through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par- , and Donation .] 1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.

In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. 2 Kings v. 18.

I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. Shak.

2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses.

I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 S<?/<?/. xv. 25.

Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle <?/ Shak.

3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.

I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. Shak.

4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.]

Even now about it! I will pardon you. Shak.

Pardon me , forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction.

Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See Excuse .

Pardonable <Xpage=1042>

Par"don*a*ble (?) , a. [Cf. F. pardonnable .] Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit .

Pardonableness <Xpage=1042>

Par"don*a*ble*ness , n. The quality or state of being pardonable; as, the pardonableness of sin .

Bp. Hall.

Pardonably <Xpage=1042>

Par"don*a*bly , adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably.

Dryden.

Pardoner <Xpage=1042>