Chapter 1103

Par`a*go"ge (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to lead beside, protract; <?/ beside + <?/ to lead.] 1. (Gram.) The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as withouten for without .

2. (Med.) Coaptation. [Obs.]

Dunglison.

Paragogic, Paragogical <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*gog"ic (?) , Par`a*gog"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. paragogique .] Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving to lengthen, a word.

Paragogic letters , in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.

Paragon <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*gon (?) , n. [OF. paragon , F. parangon ; cf. It. paragone , Sp. paragon , parangon ; prob. fr. Gr. <?/ to rub against; <?/ beside + <?/ whetstone; cf. LGr. <?/ a polishing stone.] 1. A companion; a match; an equal. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.]

Full many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men. Spenser.

3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a paragon of beauty or eloquence .

Udall.

Man, . . . the paragon of animals ! Shak.

The riches of sweet Mary's son, Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon . Emerson.

4. (Print.) A size of type between great primer and double pica. See the Note under Type .

Paragon <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*gon , v. t. [Cf. OF. paragonner , F. parangonner .]

1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with. [Obs.]

Sir P. Sidney.

2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.]

Spenser.

In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising. Glover.

3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.]

He hath achieved a maid That paragons description and wild fame. Shak.

Paragon <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*gon , v. i. To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.]

Few or none could . . . paragon with her. Shelton.

Paragonite <Xpage=1040>

Pa*rag"o*nite (?) , n. [From Gr. <?/, p. pr. of <?/ to mislead.] (Min.) A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist of the Alps.

Paragram <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*gram (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ that which one writes beside. See Paragraph .] A pun.

Puns, which he calls paragrams . Addison.

Paragrammatist <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?) , n. A punster.

Paragrandine <Xpage=1040>

Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?) , n. [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.] An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See Paragr<?/le .

Knight.

Paragraph <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*graph (?) , n. [F. paragraphe , LL. paragraphus , fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) a line or stroke drawn in the margin, fr. <?/ to write beside; <?/ beside + <?/ to write. See Para- , and Graphic , and cf. Paraph .] 1. Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, e . g ., a change of subject; now, the character <?/, commonly used in the text as a reference mark to a footnote, or to indicate the place of a division into sections.

&hand; This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of the word paragraph ), the letter being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness.

2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is sometimes noted by the mark <?/, but usually, by beginning the first sentence of the paragraph on a new line and at more than the usual distance from the margin.

3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs ; an editorial paragraph .

Paragraph <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*graph , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Paragraphed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Paragraphing .]

1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character &para;.

2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an article .

3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs

Paragrapher <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*graph`er (?) , n. A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.

Paragraphic, Paragraphical <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*graph"ic (?) , Par`a*graph"ic*al (?) , a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly , adv.

Paragraphist <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*graph`ist (?) , n. A paragrapher.

Paragraphistical <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?) , a. Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.]

Beau. & Fl.

Para grass <Xpage=1040>

Pa*ra" grass` (?) . (Bot.) A valuable pasture grass ( Panicum barbinode ) introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.

Paragr\'88le <Xpage=1040>

Pa`ra`gr\'88le" (?) , n. [F., fr. parer to guard + gr\'88le hail.] A lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms. [France]

Knight.

Paraguayan <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*guay"an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.

Paraguay tea <Xpage=1040>

Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?) . See Mate , the leaf of the Brazilian holly.

Parail <Xpage=1040>

Par"ail (?) , n. See Apparel . [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim."

Piers Plowman.

Parakeet <Xpage=1040>

Par"a*keet` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet .

Paralactic <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*lac"tic (?) , a. [Pref. para- + lactic .] (Physiol. Chem.) Designating an acid called paralactic acid . See Lactic acid , under Lactic .

Paralbumin <Xpage=1040>

Par`al*bu"min (?) , n. [Pref. para- + albumin .] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.

Paraldehyde <Xpage=1040>

Par*al"de*hyde (?) , n. [Pref. para- + aldehyde .] (Chem.) A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Paraleipsis <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*leip"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to leave on one side, to omit; <?/ beside + <?/ to leave.] (Rhet.) A pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice ." [Written also paralepsis , paralepsy , paralipsis .]

Paralepsis <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*lep"sis (?) , n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis .

Paralian <Xpage=1040>

Pa*ra"li*an (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ near the sea; <?/ beside + <?/ the sea.] A dweller by the sea. [R.]

Paralipomenon <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?) , n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. <?/ to omit.] A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.

&hand; In the Septuagint these books are called Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and dey`teron , which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings

W. Smith.

Paralipsis <Xpage=1040>

Par`a*lip"sis (?) , n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis .

Parallactic, Parallactical <Xpage=1040>

Par`al*lac"tic (?) , Par`al*lac"tic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. parallactique .] Of or pertaining to a parallax.

Parallax <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lax (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ alternation, the mutual inclination of two lines forming an angle, fr. <?/ to change a little, go aside, deviate; <?/ beside, beyond + <?/ to change: cf. F. parallaxe . Cf. Parallel .] 1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen from two different stations, or points of view.

2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun.

Annual parallax , the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star . -- Binocular parallax , the apparent difference in position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining unmoved. -- Diurnal , &or; Geocentric , parallax , the parallax of a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that is generally understood when the term is used without qualification. -- Heliocentric parallax , the parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a planet . -- Horizontal parallax , the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. -- Optical parallax , the apparent displacement in position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly. Brande & C. -- Parallax of the cross wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass. -- Stellar parallax , the annual parallax of a fixed star.

Parallel <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel (?) , a. [F. parall\'8ale , L. parallelus , fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ of one another, fr. <?/ other, akin to L. alius . See Allien .] 1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.

Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. Hakluyt.

&hand; Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in all parts equally distant.

2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and with .

When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it can not be too much cherished. Addison.

3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage.

Addison.

Parallel bar . (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working beam . (b) One of a pair of bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, -- used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere , those circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. -- Parallel columns , &or; Parallels (Printing) , two or more passages of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel forces (Mech.) , forces which act in directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel motion . (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line . Rankine . (b) (Mus.) The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.) , a metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also couping rod , in distinction from the connecting rod . See Illust . of Locomotive , in App. -- Parallel ruler , an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. -- Parallel sailing (Naut.) , sailing on a parallel of latitude. -- Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.) , that position of the sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise , a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.

Parallel <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel (?) , n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.

Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ? Pope.

2. Direction conformable to that of another line,

Lines that from their parallel decline. Garth.

3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.

Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run. Swift.

4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope .

5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart.

None but thyself can be thy parallel . Pope.

6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.

7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.

8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page.

Limiting parallels . See under Limit , v. t. -- Parallel of altitude (Astron.) , one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.) , one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel of latitude . (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.

Parallel <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Paralleled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Paralleling (?) .] 1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.

The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true meridian. Sir T. Browne.

2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like.

His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great justice. Shak.

3. To equal; to match; to correspond to.

Shak.

4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.]

Locke.

My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. Shak.

Parallel <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel , v. i. To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Parallelable <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel`a*ble (?) , a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.]

Bp. Hall.

Parallelism <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel*ism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to place side by side, or parallel: cf. F. parall\'82lisme .]

1. The quality or state of being parallel.

2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.

A close parallelism of thought and incident. T. Warton.

3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g. : --

At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down dead. Judg. v. 27.

Parallelistic <Xpage=1040>

Par`al*lel*is"tic (?) , a. Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.

The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely lost. Milman.

Parallelize <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel*ize (?) , v. t. To render parallel. [R.]

Parallelless <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel*less , a. Matchless. [R.]

Parallelly <Xpage=1040>

Par"al*lel*ly , adv. In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.]

Dr. H. More.

Parallelogram <Xpage=1040>

Par`al*lel"o*gram (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ parallel + <?/ to write: cf. F. parall\'82logramme . See Parallel , and -gram .] (Geom.) A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles.

Parallelogram of velocities , forces , accelerations , momenta , etc. (Mech.) , a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.

Parallelogrammatic <Xpage=1040>

Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.

<page="1041"> Page 1041

Parallelogrammic, Parallelogrammical <Xpage=1041>

Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?) , Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?) , a. Having the properties of a parallelogram. [R.]

Parallelopiped <Xpage=1041>

Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a body with parallel surfaces; <?/ parallel + <?/ a plane surface, <?/ on the ground, or level with it, level, flat; <?/ on + <?/ the ground: cf. F. parall\'82lopip\'8ade .] (Geom.) A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a parallelogram.

Parallelopipedon <Xpage=1041>

Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?) , n. [NL.] A parallelopiped.

Hutton.

Paralogical <Xpage=1041>

Par`a*log"ic*al (?) , a. Containing paralogism; illogical. " Paralogical doubt."

Sir T. Browne.

Paralogism <Xpage=1041>

Pa*ral"o*gism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to reason falsely; <?/ beside + <?/ to reason, <?/ discourse, reason: cf. F. paralogisme .] (Logic) A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formul\'91; a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.

Paralogize <Xpage=1041>