Chapter 1036

Ni`tra*nil"ic (?) , a. [ Nitro- + chlor anil + -ic .] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid produced as a white crystalline substance by the action of nitrous acid on hydroquinone.

Nitraniline <Xpage=977>

Ni*tran"i*line (? &or; ?) , n. [ Nitro- + aniline .] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of aniline. In general they are yellow crystalline substances.

Nitrate <Xpage=977>

Ni"trate (?) , n. [Cf. F. nitrate .] (Chem.) A salt of nitric acid.

Nitrate of silver , a white crystalline salt ( AgNO3 ), used in photography and as a cauterizing agent; -- called also lunar caustic . <-- usu. called silver nitrate -->

Nitrated <Xpage=977>

Ni"tra*ted (?) , a. 1. (Chem.) Combined, or impregnated, with nitric acid, or some of its compounds.

2. (Photog.) Prepared with nitrate of silver.

Nitratine <Xpage=977>

Ni"tra*tine (?) , n. (Min.) A mineral occurring in transparent crystals, usually of a white, sometimes of a reddish gray, or lemon-yellow, color; native sodium nitrate. It is used in making nitric acid and for manure. Called also soda niter .

Nitre <Xpage=977>

Ni"tre (?) , n. (Chem.) See Niter .

Nitriary <Xpage=977>

Ni"tri*a*ry (?) , n. [See Niter .] An artificial bed of animal matter for the manufacture of niter by nitrification. See Nitrification , 2.

Nitric <Xpage=977>

Ni"tric (?) , a. [Cf. F. nitrique . See Niter .] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen; specifically, designating any one of those compounds in which, as contrasted with nitrous compounds, the element has a higher valence; as, nitric oxide; nitric acid.

Nitric acid , a colorless or yellowish liquid obtained by distilling a nitrate with sulphuric acid. It is powerfully corrosive, being a strong acid, and in decomposition a strong oxidizer. -- Nitric anhydride , a white crystalline oxide of nitrogen ( N2O5 ), called nitric pentoxide , and regarded as the anhydride of nitric acid. -- Nitric oxide , a colorless poisous gas ( NO ) obtained by treating nitric acid with copper. On contact with the air or with oxygen, it becomes reddish brown from the formation of nitric dioxide or peroxide. <-- nitric dioxide (nitrogen dioxide) is not defined! = NO2-->

Nitride <Xpage=977>

Ni"tride (? &or; ?) , n. [from Nitrogen .] (Chem.) A binary compound of nitrogen with a more metallic element or radical; as, boric nitride .

Nitriferous <Xpage=977>

Ni*trif"er*ous (?) , a. [ Niter + -ferous .] Bearing niter; yielding, or containing, niter.

Nitrification <Xpage=977>

Ni`tri*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. nitrification . see Nitrify .] 1. (Chem.) (a) The act, process, or result of combining with nitrogen or some of its compounds. (b) The act or process of oxidizing nitrogen or its compounds so as to form nitrous or nitric acid.

2. A process of oxidation, in which nitrogenous vegetable and animal matter in the presence of air, moisture, and some basic substances, as lime or alkali carbonate, is converted into nitrates.

&hand; The process is going on at all times in porous soils and in water contaminated with nitrogenous matter, and is supposed to be due to the presence of an organized ferment or ferments, called nitrification ferments . In former times the process was extensively made use of in the production of saltpeter.

Nitrifier <Xpage=977>

Ni"tri*fi`er (?) , n. (Chem.) An agent employed in nitrification.

Nitrify <Xpage=977>

Ni"tri*fy (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Nitrified (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrifying (?) .] [ Niter + -fy : cf. F. nitrifer . See Niter .] (Chem.) To combine or impregnate with nitrogen; to convert, by oxidation, into nitrous or nitric acid; to subject to, or produce by, nitrification.

Nitrile <Xpage=977>

Ni"trile (? &or; ?) , n. [See Nitro- .] (Chem.) Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the nitrogen as ammonia.

&hand; The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition, thus, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile , and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile . <-- usu. acetonitrile -->

Nitrite <Xpage=977>

Ni"trite (?) , n. [Cf. F. nitrite . See Niter .] (Chem.) A salt of nitrous acid.

Amyl nitrite , a yellow oily volatile liquid, used in medicine as a depressant and a vaso-dilator. Its inhalation produces an instantaneous flushing of the face.

Nitro- <Xpage=977>

Ni"tro- (<?/) . 1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of niter .

2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively) designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids , as nitro hydrochloric, nitro calcite; also, designating the group or radical NO2 , or its compounds , as nitro benzene.

Nitro group , the radical NO2 ; -- called also nitroxyl .

Nitrobenzene <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*ben"zene (? &or; ?) , n. [ Nitro- + benzene .] (Chem.) A yellow aromatic liquid ( C6H5.NO2 ), produced by the action of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor imitation oil of bitter almonds , or essence of mirbane . It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly called also nitrobenzol .

Nitrobenzol, Nitrobenzole <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*ben"zol , Ni`tro*ben"zole , (<?/ &or; <?/) , n. See Nitrobenzene .

Nitrocalcite <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*cal"cite (?) , n. [ Nitro- + calcite .] (Min.) Nitrate of calcium, a substance having a grayish white color, occuring in efforescences on old walls, and in limestone caves, especially where there exists decaying animal matter.

Nitrocarbol <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*car"bol (?) , n. [ Nitro- + carbon + L. ol eum oil.] (Chem.) See Nitromethane .

Nitrocellulose <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*cel"lu*lose` (?) , n. [ Nitro- + cellulose .] (Chem.) See Gun cotton , under Gun .

Nitro-chloroform <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro-chlo"ro*form (?) , n. [ Nitro- + chloroform .] (Chem.) Same as Chlorpicrin .

Nitroform <Xpage=977>

Ni"tro*form (?) , n. [ Nitro- + form yl.] (Chem.) A nitro derivative of methane, analogous to chloroform, obtained as a colorless oily or crystalline substance, CH.(NO2)3 , quite explosive, and having well-defined acid properties.

Nitrogelatin <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*gel"a*tin (?) , n. [ Nitro- + gelatin .] An explosive consisting of gun cotton and camphor dissolved in nitroglycerin. [Written also nitrogelatine .]

Nitrogen <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*gen (?) , n. [L. nitrum natron + -gen : cf. F. nitrog\'8ane . See Niter .] (Chem.) A colorless nonmetallic element, tasteless and odorless, comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by volume. It is chemically very inert in the free state, and as such is incapable of supporting life (hence the name azote still used by French chemists); but it forms many important compounds, as ammonia, nitric acid, the cyanides, etc, and is a constituent of all organized living tissues, animal or vegetable. Symbol N. Atomic weight 14. It was formerly regarded as a permanent noncondensible gas, but was liquefied in 1877 by Cailletet of Paris, and Pictet of Geneva.

Nitrogenize <Xpage=977>

Ni"tro*gen*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Nitrogenized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrogenizing .] (Chem.) To combine, or impregnate, with nitrogen or its compounds.

Nitrogenous <Xpage=977>

Ni*trog"e*nous (?) , a. (Chem.) of, pertaining to, or resembling, nitrogen; as, a nitrogenous principle; nitrogenous compounds.

Nitrogenous foods . See 2d Note under Food , n. , 1.

Nitroglycerin <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*glyc"er*in (?) , n. [ Nitro- + glycerinn .] (Chem.) A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish, and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of nitric acid, and hence more properly called glycerin nitrate . It is made by the action of nitric acid on glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid. It is extremely unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute solution is used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of glonion . [Written also nitroglycerine .]

&hand; A great number of explosive compounds have been produced by mixing nitroglycerin with different substances; as, dynamite , or giant powder , nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth; lithofracteur , nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with sawdust and nitrate of sodium or barium; Colonia powder , gunpowder with nitroglycerin; dualin , nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate of potassium and some other substances; lignose , wood fiber and nitroglycerin.

Nitrohydrochloric <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?) , a. [ Nitro- + hydrochloric .] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitric and hydrochloric acids.

Nitrohydrochloric acid , a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, usually in the proportion of one part of the former to three of the latter, and remarkable for its solvent action on gold and platinum; -- called also nitromuriatic acid , and aqua regia .

Nitrol <Xpage=977>

Ni"trol (?) , n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of hydrocarbons containing the nitro and the nitroso or isonitroso group united to the same carbon atom.

Nitroleum <Xpage=977>

Ni*tro"le*um (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. nitrum natron + oleum oil.] (Chem.) Nitroglycerin.

Nitrolic <Xpage=977>

Ni*trol"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) of, derived from, or designating, a nitrol; as, a nitrolic acid .

Nitromagnesite <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*mag"ne*site (?) , n. [ Nitro- + magnesite .] (Chem.) Nitrate of magnesium, a saline efflorescence closely resembling nitrate of calcium.

Nitrometer <Xpage=977>

Ni*trom"e*ter (?) , n. [ Nitro- + -meter : cf. F. nitrom\'8atre .] (Chem.) An apparatus for determining the amount of nitrogen or some of its compounds in any substance subjected to analysis; an azotometer.

Nitromethane <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*meth"ane (?) , n. [ Nitro- + methane .] (Chem.) A nitro derivative of methane obtained as a mobile liquid; -- called also nitrocarbol .

Nitromuriatic <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*mu`ri*at"ic (?) , a. [Cf. F. nitromuriatique . See Nitro- , and Muriatic .] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or composed of, nitric acid and muriatic acid; nitrohydrochloric. See Nitrohydrochloric .

Nitrophnol <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*ph"nol (?) , n. [ Nitro- + phenol .] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of phenol. They are yellow oily or crystalline substances and have well-defined acid properties, as picric acid.

Nitroprussic <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*prus"sic (? &or; <?/) , a. [ Nitro- + prussic .] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a complex acid called nitroprussic acid, obtained indirectly by the action of nitric acid on potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate), as a red crystalline unstable substance. It forms salts called nitroprussides , which give a rich purple color with alkaline subphides.

Nitroprusside <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*prus"side (?) , n. See Nitroprussic .

Nitroquinol <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*qui"nol (?) , n. [ Nitro- + quine + -ol .] (Chem.) A hypothetical nitro derivative of quinol or hydroquinone, not known in the free state, but forming a well defined series of derivatives.

Niteosaccharin <Xpage=977>

Ni`teo*sac"cha*rin (?) , n. [ Nitro- + saccharin .] (Chem.) An explosive nitro derivative of certain sugars, analogous to nitroglycerin, gun cotton, etc.

Nitrosalicylic <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*sal`i*cyl"ic (?) , a. [ Nitro- + salicylic .] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitro derivative of salicylic acid, called also anilic acid .

Nitrose <Xpage=977>

Ni*trose" (?) , a. (Chem.) See Nitrous .

Nitroso- <Xpage=977>

Ni*tro"so- (<?/ &or; <?/) . (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) designating the group or radical NO , called the nitroso group , or its compounds.

Nitrosyl <Xpage=977>

Ni*tro"syl (?) , n. [ Nitroso- + -yl .] (Chem.) the radical NO , called also the nitroso group . The term is sometimes loosely used to designate certain nitro compounds; as, nitrosyl sulphuric acid . Used also adjectively.

Nitrosylic <Xpage=977>

Ni`tro*syl"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrosyl; as, nitrosylic acid .

Nitrous <Xpage=977>

Ni"trous (?) , a. [L. nitrosus full of natron: cf. F. nitreux . See Niter .] 1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, niter; of the quality of niter, or resembling it.

2. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of those compounds in which nitrogen has a relatively lower valence as contrasted with nitric compounds.

Nitrous acid (Chem.) , a hypothetical acid of nitrogen HNO2 , not known in the free state, but forming a well known series of salts, viz., the nitrites . -- Nitrous oxide . See Laughing gas .

Nitroxyl <Xpage=977>

Ni*trox"yl (?) , n. [ Nitro- + ox ygen + -yl .] (Chem.) The group NO2 , usually called the nitro group .

Nitrum <Xpage=977>

Ni"trum (?) , n. [L., natron. See Niter .] (Old Chem.) Niter.

Nitrum flammans [L., flaming niter] (Old Chem.) , ammonium nitrate; -- probably so called because it deflagerates when suddenly heated.

Nitry <Xpage=977>

Ni"try (?) , a. (Chem.) Nitrous. [Obs.]

Nitryl <Xpage=977>

Ni"tryl (?) , n. [ Nitro- + -yl .] (Chem.) A name sometimes given to the nitro group or radical.

Nitter <Xpage=977>

Nit"ter (?) , n. [From Nit .] (Zo\'94l.) The horselouse; an insect that deposits nits on horses.

Nittily <Xpage=977>

Nit"ti*ly (?) , adv. Lousily. [Obs.]

Haywar<?/.

Nittings <Xpage=977>

Nit"tings (?) , n. pl. [Prob. from Nit .] (Mining) The refuse of good ore.

Raymond.

Nitty <Xpage=977>

Nit"ty (?) , a. Full of nits.

B. Jonson.

Nitty <Xpage=977>

Nit"ty , a. [L. nitidus . See Nitid .] Shining; elegant; spruce. [Obs.] "O sweet, nitty youth."

Marston.

Nival <Xpage=977>

Ni"val (?) , a. [L. nivalis , fr. nix , nivis , snow.] Abounding with snow; snowy. [Obs.]

Johnson.

Niveous <Xpage=977>

Niv"e*ous (?) , a. [L. niveus , fr. nix , nivis , snow.] Snowy; resembling snow; partaking of the qualities of snow.

Sir T. Browne.

Nivose <Xpage=977>

Ni`vose" (?) , n. [F., fr. L. nix . nivis , snow.] The fourth month of the French republican calendar [1792-1806]. It commenced December 21, and ended January 19. See Vend\'90miaire .

Nix <Xpage=977>

Nix (?) , n. ; fem. Nixe (<?/) . [G. Cf. 1st Nick .] (Teut. Myth.) One of a class of water spirits, commonly described as of a mischievous disposition.

The treacherous nixes who entice men to a watery death. Tylor.

Nixie <Xpage=977>

Nix"ie (?) , n. See Nix .

Nizam <Xpage=977>

Ni*zam" (?) , n. [Hind. & Ar. niz\'bem order, a ruler, fr. Ar. nazama arrange, govern.] The title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad, in India, since 1719.

No <Xpage=977>

No (?) , a. [OE. no , non , the same word as E. none ; cf. E. a , an . See None .] Not any; not one; none.

Let there be no strife ... between me and thee. Gen. xiii. 8.

That goodness is no name, and happiness no dream. Byron.

&hand; In Old England before a vowel the form non or noon was used. " No man." " Noon apothercary."

Chaucer.

<page="978"> Page 978

No <Xpage=978>

No , adv. [OE. no , na , AS. n\'be ; ne not + \'be ever. AS. ne is akin to OHG. ni , Goth. ni , Russ. ne , Ir., Gael. & W. ni , L. ne , gr. nh (in comp.), Skr. na , and also to E. prefix un- . &root; 193. See Aye , and cf. Nay , Not , Nice , Nefarious .] Nay; not; not at all; not in any respect or degree; -- a word expressing negation, denial, or refusal. Before or after another negative, no is emphatic.

We do no otherwise than we are willed. Shak.

I am perplx'd and doubtful whether or no I dare accept this your congratulation. Coleridge.

There is none righteous, no , not one. Rom. iii. 10.

No ! Nay, Heaven forbid. Coleridge.

No <Xpage=978>

No (?) , n. ; pl. Noes (<?/) . 1. A refusal by use of the wordd no ; a denial.

2. A negative vote; one who votes in the negative; as, to call for the ayes and noes ; the noes have it.

Noachian <Xpage=978>

No*a"chi*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the patriarch Noah, or to his time.

Noah <Xpage=978>

No"ah (?) , n. [Heb. N&omac;akh rest.] A patriarch of Biblical history, in the time of the Deluge.

Noah's ark . (a) (Zo\'94l.) A marine bivalve shell ( Arca No\'91 ), which somewhat resembles an ark, or ship, in form. (b) A child's toy, consisting of an ark-shaped box containing many different wooden animals.

Nob <Xpage=978>

Nob (?) , n. [Cf. Knob .] The head. [Low]

Nob <Xpage=978>

Nob , n. [Abbrev. fr. noble .] A person in a superior position in life; a nobleman. [Slang]

Nobbily <Xpage=978>