Chapter 1025

Neb"u*la (?) , n. ; pl. Nebul\'91 (#) . [L., mist, cloud; akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, cloud, mist, G. nebel mist, OHG. nebul , D. nevel , Skr. nabhas cloud, mist. Cf. Nebule .] 1. (Astron.) A faint, cloudlike, self-luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebul\'91 are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope. <-- also applied now to galaxies -->

2. (Med.) (a) A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. [Obs.]

Nebular <Xpage=967>

Neb"u*lar (?) , a. Of or pertaining to nebul\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula.

Nebular hypothesis , an hypothesis to explain the process of formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter.

Nebulated <Xpage=967>

Neb"u*la`ted (?) , a. Clouded with indistinct color markings, as an animal.

nebulation <Xpage=967>

neb`u*la"tion (?) , n. The condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill-defined, color mark.

Nebule <Xpage=967>

Neb"ule (?) , n. [Cf. F. n\'82bule . See nebula .] A little cloud; a cloud. [Obs.]

O light without nebule . Old Ballad.

N\'82bul\'82, Nebuly <Xpage=967>

N\'82`bu`l\'82" (?) , Neb"u*ly (?) , a. [F. n\'82bul\'82 .] (Her.) Composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a cloud; -- said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary may be bounded.

Nebulization <Xpage=967>

Neb`u*li*za"tion (?) , n. (Med.) The act or process of nebulizing; atomization.

Nebulize <Xpage=967>

Neb"u*lize (?) , v. t. [See Nebula .] To reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize.

Nebulizer <Xpage=967>

Neb"u*li`zer (?) , n. An atomizer.

Nebulose <Xpage=967>

Neb"u*lose` (?) , a. Nebulous; cloudy.

Derham.

Nebulosity <Xpage=967>

Neb`u*los"i*ty (?) , n. [L. nebulositas: cf. F. n\'82bulosit\'82 ] 1. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; hazeness; mistiness; nebulousness.

The nebulosity ... of the mother idiom. I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.) (a) The stuff of which a nebula is formed. (b) A nebula.

Nebulous <Xpage=967>

Neb"u*lous (?) , a. [L. nebulosus : cf. F. n\'82buleux . See Nebula .] 1. Cloudy; hazy; misty.

2. (Astron.) Of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula; nebular; cloudlike.

-- Neb"u*lous*ly , adv. -- Neb"u*lous*ness , n.

Nebuly <Xpage=967>

Neb"u*ly , n. (Her. & Arch.) A line or a direction composed of successive short curves or waves supposed to resembe a cloud. See N\'90bul\'90

Necessarian <Xpage=967>

Nec`es*sa"ri*an (?) , n. [Cf. F. n\'82cessarien . See Mecessary .] An advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a nacessitarian.

Necessarian <Xpage=967>

Nec`es*sa"ri*an , a. Of or pertaining to necessarianism.

Necessarianism <Xpage=967>

Nec`es*sa"ri*an*ism (?) , n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; necessitarianism.

Hixley.

Necessarily <Xpage=967>

Nec"es*sa*ri*ly (?) , adv. In a necessary manner; by necessity; unavoidably; indispensably.

Necessariness <Xpage=967>

Nec"es*sa*ri*ness , n. The quality of being necessary.

Necessary <Xpage=967>

Nec"es*sa*ry (?) , a. [L. necessarius , from necesse unavoidable, necessary; of uncertain origin: cf. F. n\'82cessaire .] 1. Such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided; inevitable.

Death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come. Shak.

2. Impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable; requiste; essential. "'T is necessary he should die."

Shak.

A certain kind of temper is necessary to the pleasure and quiet of our minds. Tillotson.

3. Acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; -- opposed to free ; as, whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed .

Necessary <Xpage=967>

Nec"es*sa*ry , n. ; pl. Necessaries (<?/) . 1. A thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose; something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the necessaries of life .

2. A privy; a water-closet.

3. pl. (Law) Such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married women, as are requisite for support suitable to station.

Necessitarian <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to libertarian .

Necessitarian <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an , n. One who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism.

Necessitarianism <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an*ism (?) , n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; deteminism.

M. Arnold.

Necessitate <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces"si*tate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Necessitated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Necessitating (?) .] [Cf. L. necessitatus , p.p. of necessitare , and F. n\'82cessiter . See Necessity .] 1. To make necessary or indispensable; to render unaviolable.

Sickness [might] necessitate his removal from the court. South.

This fact necessitates a second line. J. Peile.

2. To reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel.

The Marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was necessitated to draw all his army into York. Clarendon.

Necessitattion <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces`si*tat"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. n\'82cessitation .] The act of making necessary, or the state of being made necessary; compulsion. [R.]

bp. Bramhall.

Necessitied <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces"si*tied (?) , a. In a state of want; necessitous. [Obs.]

Shak.

Necessitous <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces"si*tous (?) , a. [Cf. F. n\'82cessiteux .] 1. Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty.

Necessitous heirs and penurious parents. Arbuthnot.

2. Narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; as, necessitous circumstances .

-- Ne*ces"si*tous*ly , adv. -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ness , n.

Necessitude <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces"si*tude (?) , n. [L. necessitudo , fr. necesse. See Necessray .] 1. Necessitousness; want.

Sir M. Hale.

2. Necessary connection or relation.

Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there is so great a necessitude , propriety, and intercourse of nature. Jer. Taylor.

Necessity <Xpage=967>

Ne*ces"si*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Necessities (#) . [OE. necessite , F. n\'82cessit\'82 , L. necessitas , fr. necesse . See Necessary .] 1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness.

2. The condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need; indigence; want.

Urge the necessity and state of times. Shak.

The extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in. Clarendon.

3. That which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something indispensable; -- often in the plural.

These should be hours for necessities , Not for delights. Shak.

What was once to me Mere matter of the fancy, now has grown The vast necessity of heart and life. Tennyson.

4. That which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate; fatality.

So spake the fiend, and with necessity , The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds. Milton.

5. (Metaph.) The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism.

Of necessity , by necessary consequence; by compulsion, or irresistible power; perforce.

Syn. -- See Need .

Neck <Xpage=967>

Neck (?) , n. [OE. necke , AS. hnecca ; akin to D. nek the nape of the neck, G. nacken , OHG. nacch , hnacch , Icel. hnakki , Sw. nacke , Dan. nakke .] 1. The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.

2. Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal ; as: (a) The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd. (b) A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. (c) (Mus.) That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board.

3. (Mech.) A reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a groove around it; as, a neck forming the journal of a shaft .

4. (Bot.) the point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the root.

Neck and crop , completely; wholly; altogether; roughly and at once. [Colloq.] -- Neck and neck (Racing) , so nearly equal that one cannot be said to be before the other; very close; even; side by side. -- Neck of a capital . (Arch.) See Gorgerin . -- Neck of a cascabel (Gun.) , the part joining the knob to the base of the breech. -- Neck of a gun , the small part of the piece between the chase and the swell of the muzzle. -- Neck of a tooth (Anat.) , the constriction between the root and the crown. -- Neck or nothing (Fig.) , at all risks. -- Neck verse . (a) The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty-first Psalm, " Miserere mei ," etc. Sir W. Scott. (b) Hence, a verse or saying, the utterance of which decides one's fate; a shibboleth.

These words, "bread and cheese," were their neck verse or shibboleth to distinguish them; all pronouncing "broad and cause," being presently put to death. Fuller.

-- Neck yoke . (a) A bar by which the end of the tongue of a wagon or carriage is suspended from the collars of the harnesses. (b) A device with projecting arms for carrying things (as buckets of water or sap) suspended from one's shoulders . -- On the neck of , immediately after; following closely. "Commiting one sin on the neck of another." W. Perkins. -- Stiff neck , obstinacy in evil or wrong; inflexible obstinacy; contumacy. "I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck ." Deut. xxxi. 27. -- To break the neck of , to destroy the main force of. "What they presume to borrow from her sage and virtuous rules... breaks the neck of their own cause." Milton. <-- = break the back of --> -- To harden the neck , to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious. Neh. ix. 17. -- To tread on the neck of , to oppress; to tyrannize over.

Neck <Xpage=967>

Neck , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Necked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Necking .] (Mech.) To reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a groove around it; -- used with down ; as, to neck down a shaft .

<-- 2. v. t. & i. To kiss and caress amorously. n. necking -->

Neckar nut <Xpage=967>

Neck"ar nut` (?) . (Bot.) See Nicker nut .

Neckband <Xpage=967>

Neck"band` (?) , n. A band which goes around the neck; often, the part at the top of a garment.

Neckcloth <Xpage=967>

Neck"cloth` (?; 115) , n. A piece of any fabric worn around the neck.

Necked <Xpage=967>

Necked (?) , a. 1. Having (such) a neck; -- chiefly used in composition; as, stiff- necked .

2. (Naut.) Cracked; -- said of a treenail.

Neckerchief <Xpage=967>

Neck"er*chief (?) , n. [For neck kerchief .] A kerchief for the neck; -- called also neck handkerchief .

Necking <Xpage=967>

Neck"ing , n. Same as Neckmold .

Necklace <Xpage=967>

Neck"lace (?; 48) , n. 1. A string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn around the neck as an ornament.

2. (Naut.) A rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging blocks for jibs and stays.

necklaced <Xpage=967>

neck"laced (?) , a. Wearing a necklace; marked as with a necklace.

The hooded and the necklaced snake. Sir W. Jones.

neckland <Xpage=967>

neck"land (?) , n. A neck of land. [Obs.]

necklet <Xpage=967>

neck"let (?) , n. A necklace.

E. Anold.

Neckmold, Neckmould <Xpage=967>

Neck"mold` , Neck"mould` (?) , n. (Arch.) A small convex molding surrounding a column at the jinction of the shaft and capital.

Weale.

Neckplate <Xpage=967>

Neck"plate` (?) , n. See Gorget , 1 and 2.

Necktie <Xpage=967>

Neck"tie` (?) , n. A scarf, band, or kerchief of silk, etc., passing around the neck or collar and tied in front; a bow of silk, etc., fastened in front of the neck.

Neckwear <Xpage=967>

Neck"wear` (?) , n. A collective term for cravats, collars, etc. [Colloq. or trade name]

Neckweed <Xpage=967>

Neck"weed` (?) , n. (Bot.) (a) An American annual weed ( veronica peregrina ), with small white flowers and a roundish pod. (b) The hemp; -- so called as furnishing ropes for hanging criminals.

Dr. prior.

Necrobiosis <Xpage=967>

Nec`ro*bi*o"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dead + <?/ way of life, fr. <?/ life.] (Biol. & Med.) The death of a part by molecular disintegration and without loss of continuity, as in the processes of degeneration and atrophy. <-- a normal dying out of cells in a tissue, contrast to necrosis -->

Virchow.

Necrobiotic <Xpage=967>

Nec`ro*bi*ot"ic (?) , a. (Biol. & Med.) Of or pertaining to necrobiosis; as, a necrobiotic metamorphosis .

Necrolatry <Xpage=967>

Ne*crol"a*try (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a dead person + <?/ to worship.] The worship of the dead; manes worship.

H. Spenser.

Necrolite <Xpage=967>

Nec"ro*lite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a corpse + -lite .] (Min.) Same as Necronite .

Necrologic, Necrological <Xpage=967>

Nec`ro*log"ic (?) , Nec`ro*log"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. n\'82crologique .] Of or pertaining to necrology; of the nature of necrology; relating to, or giving, an account of the dead, or of deaths.

Necrologist <Xpage=967>

Ne*crol"o*gist (?) , n. One who gives an account of deaths.

Necrology <Xpage=967>

Ne*crol"o*gy (?) , n. ; pl. Necrologies (#) . [Gr. <?/ a dead person + -logy : cf. F. n\'82crologie . See Necromancy .] An account of deaths, or of the dead; a register of deaths; a collection of obituary notices.

Necromancer <Xpage=967>

Nec"ro*man`cer (?) , n. One who practices necromancy; a sorcerer; a wizard.

Necromancy <Xpage=967>

Nec"ro*man`cy (?) , n. [OE. nigromaunce , nigromancie , OF. nigromance , F. n\'82cromance , n\'82cromancie , from L. necromantia , Gr. <?/; <?/ a dead body (akin to L. necare to kill, Skr. na ( <?/ ) to perish, vanish) + <?/ divination, fr. <?/ diviner, seer, akin to E. mania . See Mania , and cf. Internecine , Noxious . The old spelling is due to confusion with L. niger black. Hence the name black art .] The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general; conjuration; enchantment. See Black art .

This palace standeth in the air, By necromancy plac\'8ad there. Drayton.

Necromantic <Xpage=967>

Nec`ro*man"tic (?) , n. Conjuration. [R.]

With all the necromantics of their art. Young.

Necromantic, Necromantical <Xpage=967>

Nec`ro*man"tic (?) , Nec`ro*man"tic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy. -- Nec`ro*man"tic*al*ly , adv.

Necronite <Xpage=967>

Nec"ro*nite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a dead body.] (Min.) Fetid feldspar, a mineral which, when struck, exhales a fetid odor.

Necrophagan <Xpage=967>

Ne*croph"a*gan (?) , a. [See Necrophagous .] (Zo\'94l.) Eating carrion. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of a tribe ( Necrophaga ) of beetles which, in the larval state, feed on carrion; a burying beetle.

Necrophagous <Xpage=967>

Ne*croph"a*gous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ eating corpses; <?/ a dead body + <?/ to eat: cf. F. n\'82crophage .] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Necrophaga ; eating carrion. See Necrophagan .

Necrophobia <Xpage=967>

Nec`ro*pho"bi*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a dead body + <?/ to fear.] An exaggerated fear of death or horror of dead bodies.

Necrophore <Xpage=967>

Nec"ro*phore (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a dead body + <?/ to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of beetles of the genus Necrophorus and allied genera; -- called also burying beetle , carrion beetle , sexton beetle .

Necropolis <Xpage=967>

Ne*crop"o*lis (?) , n. ; pl. Necropolises (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a dead body, adj., dead + <?/ city.] A city of the dead; a name given by the ancients to their cemeteries, and sometimes applied to modern burial places; a graveyard.

Necropsy <Xpage=967>

Nec"rop*sy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a dead body + <?/ sight: cf. F. n\'82cropsie .] (Med.) A post-mortem examination or inspection; an autopsy. See Autopsy .