Chapter 1023

Syn. -- See Native .

Natural <Xpage=965>

Nat"u*ral (?; 135) , n. 1. A native; an aboriginal. [Obs.]

Sir W. Raleigh.

2. pl. Natural gifts, impulses, etc. [Obs.]

Fuller.

3. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot. "The minds of naturals ."

Locke.

4. (Mus.) A character [&natural;] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note.

Naturalism <Xpage=965>

Nat"u*ral*ism (?) , n. [Cf. F. naturalisme .] 1. A state of nature; conformity to nature.

2. (Metaph.) The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will.

Naturalist <Xpage=965>

Nat"u*ral*ist , n. [Cf. F. naturaliste .] 1. One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of animals.

2. One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion.

H. Bushnell.

Naturalistic <Xpage=965>

Nat`u*ral*is"tic (?) , a. 1. Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.

2. Closely resembling nature; realistic. " Naturalistic bit of pantomime."

W. D. Howells.

Naturality <Xpage=965>

Nat`u*ral"i*ty (?) , n. [L. naturalitas : cf. F. naturalit\'82 .] Nature; naturalness. [R.]

Naturalization <Xpage=965>

Nat`u*ral*i*za"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. naturalisation .] The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized.

Naturalize <Xpage=965>

Nat"u*ral*ize (?; 135) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Naturalized (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Naturalizing (#) .] [Cf. F. naturaliser . See Natural .] 1. To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study .

2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject.

3. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words .

4. To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions.

Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized in the New England climate. Hawthorne.

Naturalize <Xpage=965>

Nat"u*ral*ize , v. i. 1. To become as if native.

2. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural.

Infected by this naturalizing tendency. H. Bushnell.

Naturally <Xpage=965>

Nat"u*ral*ly , adv. In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously.

Naturalness <Xpage=965>

Nat"u*ral*ness , n. The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.

Nature <Xpage=965>

Na"ture (?; 135) , n. [F., fr. L. natura , fr. natus born, produced, p.p. of nasci to be born. See Nation .] 1. The existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation; the universe.

But looks through nature up to nature's God. Pope.

Nature has caprices which art can not imitate. Macaulay.

2. The personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in detail; the agencies which carry on the processes of creation or of being; -- often conceived of as a single and separate entity, embodying the total of all finite agencies and forces as disconnected from a creating or ordering intelligence.

I oft admire How Nature , wise and frugal, could commit Such disproportions. Milton.

3. The established or regular course of things; usual order of events; connection of cause and effect.

4. Conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that which is artifical, or forced, or remote from actual experience.

One touch of nature makes the whole world kin. Shak.

5. The sum of qualities and attributes which make a person or thing what it is, as distinct from others; native character; inherent or essential qualities or attributes; peculiar constitution or quality of being.

Thou, therefore, whom thou only canst redeem, Their nature also to thy nature join, And be thyself man among men on earth. Milton.

6. Hence: Kind, sort; character; quality.

A dispute of this nature caused mischief. Dryden.

7. Physical constitution or existence; the vital powers; the natural life. "My days of nature ."

Shak.

Oppressed nature sleeps. Shak.

8. Natural affection or reverence.

Have we not seen The murdering son ascend his parent's bed, Through violated nature foce his way? Pope.

9. Constitution or quality of mind or character.

A born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick. Shak.

That reverence which is due to a superior nature . Addison.

Good nature , Ill nature . see under Good and Ill . -- In a state of nature . (a) Naked as when born; nude . (b) In a condition of sin; unregenerate . (c) Untamed; uncvilized. -- Nature printng , a process of printing from metallic or other plates which have received an impression, as by heavy pressure, of an object such as a leaf, lace, or the like. -- Nature worship , the worship of the personified powers of nature. -- To pay the debt of nature , to die.

Nature <Xpage=965>

Na"ture , v. t. To endow with natural qualities. [Obs.]

He [God] which natureth every kind. Gower.

Natured <Xpage=965>

Na"tured (?; 135) , a. Having (such) a nature, temper, or disposition; disposed; -- used in composition; as, good- natured , ill- natured , etc.

Natureless <Xpage=965>

Na"ture*less (?) , a. Not in accordance with nature; unnatural. [Obs.]

Milton.

Naturism <Xpage=965>

Na"tur*ism (?) , n. (Med.) The belief or doctrine that attributes everything to nature as a sanative agent.

Naturist <Xpage=965>

Na"tur*ist , n. One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism.

Boyle.

Naturity <Xpage=965>

Na*tu"ri*ty (?) , n. The quality or state of being produced by nature. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Naturize <Xpage=965>

Na"tur*ize (?) , v. t. To endow with a nature or qualities; to refer to nature. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Naufrage <Xpage=965>

Nau"frage (?; 48) , n. [F., fr. L. naufragium ; navis + frangere .] Shipwreck; ruin. [Obs.]

acon.

Naufragous <Xpage=965>

Nau"fra*gous (?) , a. [L. naufragus . See Naufrage .] causing shipwreck. [Obs.]

r. Taylor.

Naught <Xpage=965>

Naught (?) , n. [OE. naught , nought , naht , nawiht , AS. n<?/wiht , n<?/uht , n<?/ht ; ne not + <?/ ever + wiht thing, whit; hence, not ever a whit. See No , adv. Whit , and cf. Aught , Not .] 1. Nothing. [Written also nought .]

Doth Job fear God for naught ? Job i. 9.

2. The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher .

To set at naught , to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy; to treat with ignominy. "Ye have set at naught all my counsel."

Prov. i. 25.

Naught <Xpage=965>

Naught , adv. In no degree; not at all.

Chaucer.

To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied. Fairfax.

Naught <Xpage=965>

Naught , a. 1. Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless.

It is naught , it is naught , saith the buyer. Prov. xx. 14.

Go, get you to your house; begone, away! All will be naught else. Shak.

Things naught and things indifferent. Hooker.

2. Hence, vile; base; naughty. [Obs.]

No man can be stark naught at once. Fuller.

Naughtily <Xpage=965>

Naugh"ti*ly (?) , adv. In a naughty manner; wickedly; perversely.

Shak.

Naughtiness <Xpage=965>

Naugh"ti*ness , n. The quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness; wickedness.

I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart. 1 Sam. xvii. 28.

Naughtly <Xpage=965>

Naught"ly (?) , adv. Naughtily; wrongly. [Obs.]

because my parents naughtly brought me up. Mir. for Mag.

Naughty <Xpage=965>

Naugh"ty (?) , a. [ Compar. Naughtier (?) ; superl. Naughtiest .] 1. Having little or nothing. [Obs.]

[Men] that needy be and naughty , help them with thy goods. Piers Plowman.

2. Worthless; bad; good for nothing. [Obs.]

The other basket had very naughty figs. Jer. xxiv. 2.

3. hence, corrupt; wicked. [Archaic]

So shines a good deed in a naughty world. Shak.

4. Mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper conduct; as, a naughty child .

&hand; This word is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children, or in sportive censure.

Naumachy <Xpage=965>

Nau"ma*chy (?) , n. [L. naumachia , Gr. <?/; <?/ ship + <?/ fight, battle, <?/ to fight.] 1. A naval battle; esp., a mock sea fight.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A show or spectacle representing a sea fight; also, a place for such exhibitions.

Nauplius <Xpage=965>

Nau"pli*us (?) , n. ; pl. Nauplii (#) . [L., a kind of shellfish, fr. Gr. <?/ ship + <?/ to sail.] (Zo\'94l.) A crustacean larva having three pairs of locomotive organs (corresponding to the antennules, antenn\'91, and mandibles), a median eye, and little or no segmentation of the body.

Nauropometer <Xpage=965>

Nau`ro*pom"e*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ ship + <?/ inclination + -meter .] (Naut.) An instrument for measuring the amount which a ship heels at sea.

Nauscopy <Xpage=965>

Naus"co*py (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ ship + -scopy : cf. F. nauscopie .] (Naut.) The power or act of discovering ships or land at considerable distances.

Nausea <Xpage=965>

Nau"se*a (? or <?/) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ ship. See Nave of a church, and cf. Noise .] Seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the stomach; loathing.

Nauseant <Xpage=965>

Nau"se*ant (?) , n. [L. nauseans , p.pr. Of nauseare .] (Med.) A substance which produces nausea. <-- emetic -->

Nauseate <Xpage=965>

Nau"se*ate (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Nauseated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Nauseating .] [L. nauseare , nauseatum , fr. nausea . See Nausea .] To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust.

Nauseate <Xpage=965>

Nau"se*ate , v. t. 1. To affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or disgust.

2. To sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe.

The patient nauseates and loathes wholesome foods. Blackmore.

Nauseation <Xpage=965>

Nau`se*a"tion (?) , n. The act of nauseating, or the state of being nauseated.

Nauseative <Xpage=965>

Nau"se*a*tive (? &or; <?/) , a. Causing nausea; nauseous.

Nauseous <Xpage=965>

Nau"seous (?; 277) , a. [L. nauseosus .] Causing, or fitted to cause, nausea; sickening; loathsome; disgusting; exciting abhorrence; as, a nauseous drug or medicine . -- Nau"seous*ly , adv. -- Nau"seous*ness , n.

The nauseousness of such company disgusts a reasonable man. Dryden.

Nautch <Xpage=965>

Nautch (?) , n. [Hind. n\'bech , fr. Skr. n<?/tya dance.] An entertainment consisting chiefly of dancing by professional dancing (or Nautch) girls. [India]

Nautic <Xpage=965>

Nau"tic (?) , a. [See Nautical .] Nautical.

Nautical <Xpage=965>

Nau"tic*al (?) , a. [L. nauticus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a seaman, sailor, fr. <?/ ship: cf. F. nautique . See Nave of a church.] Of or pertaining to seamen, to the art of navigation, or to ships; as, nautical skill .

Syn. -- Naval; marine; maritime. See Naval .

Nautical almanac . See under Almanac . -- Nautical distance , the length in nautical miles of the rhumb line joining any two places on the earth's surface. -- nautical mile . see under Mile .

Nautically <Xpage=965>

Nau"tic*al*ly , adv. In a nautical manner; with reference to nautical affais.

Nautiform <Xpage=965>

Nau"ti*form (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ ship + -form .] Shaped like the hull of a ship.

Nautilite <Xpage=965>

Nau"ti*lite (?) , n. (paleon.) A fossil nautilus.

Nautiloid <Xpage=965>

Nau"ti*loid (?) , a. [ Nautilus + -oid : cf. F. nautilo\'8bde .] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the nautilus; shaped like a nautilus shell. -- n. A mollusk, or shell, of the genus Nautilus or family Nautilid\'91 .

Nautilus <Xpage=965>

Nau"ti*lus (?) , n. ; pl. E. Nautiluses (#) , L. Nautili (#) . [L., fr. gr. <?/ a seaman, sailor, a kind of shellfish which was supposed to be furnished with a membrane which served as a sail; fr. <?/ ship. See Nave of a church.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other species are found fossil. The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See Tetrabranchiata .

&hand; The head of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube, and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills. The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined.

2. The argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus . See Argonauta , and Paper nautilus , under Paper .

3. A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants.

Navajoes <Xpage=965>

Na"va*joes (?) , n. pl. ; sing. Navajo (<?/) . (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians inhabiting New Mexico and Arizona, allied to the Apaches. They are now largely engaged in agriculture.

Naval <Xpage=965>

Na"val (?) , a. [L. navalis , fr. navis ship: cf. F. naval . See Nave of a church.] Having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a navy; consisting of ships; as, naval forces, successes, stores, etc.

<page="966"> Page 966

Naval brigade , a body of seamen or marines organized for military service on land. -- Naval officer . (a) An officer in the navy . (b) A high officer in some United States customhouses. -- Naval tactics , the science of managing or maneuvering vessels sailing in squadrons or fleets.

Syn. -- Nautical; marine; maritime. -- Naval , Nautical . Naval is applied to vessels, or a navy, or the things which pertain to them or in which they participate; nautical , to seamen and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a naval , as opposed to a military , engagement; naval equipments or stores, a naval triumph, a naval officer, etc., and of nautical pursuits or instruction, nautical calculations , a nautical almanac, etc.

Navals <Xpage=966>

Na"vals (?) , n.pl. Naval affairs. [Obs.]

Navarch <Xpage=966>

Na"varch (?) , n. [L. navarchus , gr. <?/; <?/ ship + <?/ chief.] (Gr. Antiq.) The commander of a fleet.

Mitford.

Navarchy <Xpage=966>

Na"varch*y (?) , n. [Gr. <?/.] Nautical skill or experience. [Obs.]

ir W. Petty.

Navarrese <Xpage=966>

Na`var*rese" (? &or; <?/) , a. Of or pertaining to Navarre. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Navarre; the people of Navarre.

Nave <Xpage=966>

Nave (?) , n. [AS. nafu ; akin to D. naaf , G. nabe , OHG. naba , Icel. n\'94f , Dan. nav , Sw. naf , Skr. n\'bebhi nave and navel: cf. L. umbo boss of a shield. \'fb260. Cf. Navel .] 1. The block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate, and through which the axle passes; -- called also hub or hob .

2. The navel. [Obs.]

hak.

Nave <Xpage=966>

Nave , n. [F. nef , fr. L. navis ship, to which the church was often likened; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. n\'beus, and perh. to AS. naca boat, G. nachen , Icel. n\'94kkvi ; cf. L. nare to swim, float. Cf. Nausea , Nautical , Naval .] (Arch.) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles.

Navel <Xpage=966>

Na"vel (?) , n. [AS. nafela , fr. nafu nave; akin to D. navel , G. nabel , OHG. nabolo , Icel. nafli , Dan. navle , Sw. nafle , L. umbilicus , Gr. <?/, Skr. n<?/bh\'c6la . \'fb260. See Nave hub, and cf. Omphalic , Nombril , Umbilical .] 1. (Anat.) A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. See Umbilicus . <-- called also belly button in humans -->

2. The central part or point of anything; the middle.

Within the navel of this hideous wood, Immured in cypress shades, a sorcerer dwells. Milton.

3. (Gun.) An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage.