CHAPTER I.

The _Landesgemeinden_ of Uri and Appenzell—their bearing on English Constitutional History—political elements common to the whole Teutonic race—monarchic, aristocratic, and democratic elements to be found from the beginning—the three classes of men, the noble, the common freeman, and the slave—universal prevalence of slavery—the Teutonic institutions common to the whole Aryan family—witness of Homer—description of the German Assemblies by Tacitus—continuity of English institutions—English nationality assumed—Teutonic institutions brought into Britain by the English conquerors—effects of the settlement on the conquerors—probable increase of slavery—Earls and Churls—growth of the kingly power—nature of kingship—special sanctity of the King—immemorial distinction between Kings and Ealdormen—kingship not universal—names expressing kingship—beginning of kingship in England—fluctuation between Kings and Ealdormen—the kingly power strengthened by the increase of the King’s territory—relations between the King and the nation—power of the Witan—right of election and deposition—growth of the kingly power by the _commendation_ of the chief men—the _Comitatus_ as described by Tacitus—poem on the Battle of Maldon—contrast of Roman and Teutonic feeling as to personal service—instances of personal service in later times—personal service and the holding of land not originally connected—their union produces the feudal relation—growth of the Thegns—they supplant the Earls—effects of the change—change confirmed by the Norman Conquest _Pp._ 1-55