Part 126

Ashburton, Lord, character of, 484; cited 491; letter to Mr. Webster on impressment, 659.

Astronomy, progress in, 648.

Attainder, bill of, provision on prohibition of, 19.

Attorney-General v. Cullum, in regard to charity for town of Bury St. Edmunds, 527.

Austria, agent of United States respectfully received by, 684.

Austria and Russia, friendly to United States in 1781, 685.

B.

Babylon, astronomers of, 340.

Bache, A.D., quoted, 528.

Bacon, Lord, 158.

Badger, G.E., of N. Carolina, 587; voted against ceding New Mexico and California, 632.

Balance of Trade, doctrine of, 91.

Bank Charter, benefit of, to stockholders, 324; first passed by Congress, 327.

Bank Credit, benefit of, in United States, 364; evils arising from abuse of, 364.

Bank, National, Mr. Ewing's plan for a, 490.

Bank Notes, must be convertible into specie, 365.

Bank of England, resumes cash payments, 81.

Bank of United States, object of, 81; charter vetoed, 321; effect of the veto in Western country, 322; time for renewal of charter, 323; benefit of a charter to stockholders, 324; foreigners as stockholders in, 325-327; advantage of, in case of war, 327; established, 328; its conduct under Mr. Adams's administration, 434; message of President Jackson in regard to, 434; how affected by events of 1829, 435; bill for re-charter passed by Congress, 436; branch of, in New Hampshire, 436; order for removal of deposits, 436; act incorporating the, 466.

Bankruptcy, a uniform system of, remarks on, 471; State laws concerning, ineffectual, 471.

Bankrupt Law, of New York, considered, 180; repeal of the, 471.

Bankrupt Laws, to be established by national authority, 179; absolute power of Congress to establish, 186; prohibition on State law in regard to, 186.

Banks, effect of paper issues by, 81; safest under private management, 325; power of Congress to establish, 328, 334, 335; increase of, 440; suspension of specie payment, 443.

Barre, Col., extract from speech on American Colonists, 237.

Barrow, Dr., his idea of "rest," xxxix.

Bell, Senator from Tennessee, 614.

Benevolent establishments of United States, 651.

Benson, Judge, Commissioner at Annapolis, 310.

Benton, Thomas H., speaks on Foot's resolution, 227; resolutions of, 407; allusion to, 569.

Berkeley, Bishop, extract from, 639.

Berrien, J.M., 570; resolution concerning Mexico, 586; proposition in respect to Texas, 611; vote against ceding New Mexico and California, 632.

Bill, to limit time of service of certain officers, 394, 395.

Bill of Rights, meaning of, concerning chartered charities, 10.

Bill of Rights of N.H., articles infringed in regard to Dartmouth College, 14; prohibit retrospective laws, 14.

Blacks from Northern States, how treated at the South, 620.

Blake, George, 137.

Boston, imprisonment of Sir E. Andros in, 39; its port closed, 128; resolutions of, in 1820, 463; reception given to Mr. Webster in 1842, 481.

Bowdoin, James, delegate to Congress, 162.

Branch, Mr., resolution of 373.

Brewster, Elder, 27, 31, 52.

British Parliament, power claimed by, over charters, 5.

Brooks, Gov. John, 127.

Brougham, Mr., his approval of the Monroe declaration, 155.

Buena Vista, General Taylor at, 559.

Buffalo, building of a pier at, 424; reception of Mr. Webster at, and speech, May 22, 1851, 626; citizens of, exhorted to preserve the Union, 627.

Buller, Justice, extract on government of corporations, 21.

Bunker Hill Battle, address to survivors of, 127; important effects of, 129; changes of the fifty years following the, 131; survivors of, present at completion of monument, 138; described, 141; established Independence, 142.

Bunker Hill Monument, address at laying of corner-stone, 123; William Tudor's idea of erecting the, 123; laying of corner-stone described, 123; completion of, 136; veterans present at completion of, 138; "stands on Union," 140; description of, 151.

Burke, Edmund, compliment to Charles Fox, xxxviii; speeches of, criticised, lii; bill for economical reform, 469.

C.

Cabot, George, notice of, 497.

Calhoun, J.C., President of Senate and Vice-President of United States, 243; resolutions on State sovereignty, 273; speaks on Wilkins tariff bill, 273; course in regard to tariff of 1816, 305; resolutions of, relating to slavery, 445; supports administration of Van Buren, 451; remarks of Mr. Webster on the political course of, 453; letter on Sub-Treasury bill, 453; change in views upon Sub-Treasury bill, 454; advocates the State-rights party, 455, 464, 467; his object to unite the entire South, 457; attack on Mr. Webster, 458; Mr. Webster's reply to, 458; opposes Mr. Dallas's bill for a bank, 460; bill of, for internal improvements, 466; extract from, on the power of Congress, 467; took lead in annexing Texas, 609; remarks upon admission of Texas, 611; dying testimony to Mr. Webster's conscientiousness, xliii.

California, proposed annexation of, 563; article of cession to United States, 587; discovery of gold in, 601; Mexican provincial government overthrown by, 601; establishment of local government in, 602; slavery excluded from, by law of nature, 615.

Canada, cession to England, effect on the colonies, 42.

Canals, act of 1824 concerning, 245.

Canning, Mr., opinion concerning Spain and her colonies, 154; approval of the Monroe declaration, 155.

Capitol, speech at laying of corner-stone of the addition to the, 639; copy of paper under corner-stone of, 644; foundation laid by Washington, 644; plan for extension of the, 644.

Carroll, Charles, signer of the Declaration, 176.

Cass, Lewis, Mexican speech of, 554; as a Whig candidate, 575; as a candidate for President, 584; personal character of, 584; in favor of the Compromise Line, 588; requests his recall from France, 667; his construction of the treaty of Washington referred to, 669, 671; answer of Mr. Webster to, concerning the African squadron, 672.

Catharine the Second of Russia, policy in respect to Greece, 70.

Cession, articles of, concerning New Mexico and California, 587.

Channing, W.E., letter of, on slavery, 624.

Charities, charters granted to founders of, 7; colleges included under, 7, 510; founder of incorporated, considered visitor, 7; government may incorporate, 7; legal signification of, 7; opinion of Lord Holt respecting the power of visitors over, 7; right of visitation in, incorporated, 7; case of town of Bury St. Edmunds, 527; schools founded by, must include religious instruction, 528.

Charity, legal definition of, 510.

Charles the Second, 39.

Charters, of Dartmouth College (1769), 1; legislative power over, defined, 5; power claimed by British Parliament over, 5; Lord Mansfield on rights of, 5; legislative power over, limited, 6; granted to founders of charities, 7; opinion of Lord Commissioner Eyre on charities established by, 9; how they affect property of corporations, 12; of the nature of contracts, 20, 21; how may be altered or varied, 21; may be accepted at will, 21; no difference between grants of corporate franchise and tangible property, 21; of Dartmouth College (1769) is a contract, 22; obtained by founders of English liberty, 63; New England colonists required them, 148.

Chateaubriand, M. de, quoted respecting the Holy Alliance, 64.

Chatham, Lord, his colonial policy, 42; opinion of the first Congress, 162.

Chaucer, his use of word "green," xxxix.

Chicago Road, President's opinion in respect to, 353.

China, trade of United States with, 95.

Choate, Rufus, 496.

Christian charity, defined, 510; spirit of, 519.

Christianity, blended influence of civilization and, 65; observance of the Sabbath a part of, 518; essentials of, part of the common law, 527, 530.

Christian Ministry, and the Religious Instruction of the Young, speech in Supreme Court, 505.

Christian Ministry, opprobrium cast on the, by the Girard will, 508; establishment of, by Christ, 515; work of the, in United States, 509, 516.

Christians, religious belief of, 521.

Christ's command, "Suffer little children," &c., referred to, 517.

Church, grants to, cannot be rescinded, 13.

Civil Law, maxim of, in regard to slavery, 573.

Clay, Henry, speech on tariff of 1824 criticised by Mr. Webster, 78; author of American system of tariff, 78; resolution of, relating to slavery in District of Columbia, 445; resolutions in respect to slavery, 600.

Clayton, J.M., his explanation of Mr. Mann's mission, 680.

Clergy, eulogium on, 509.

Coast Survey of United States, 648.

College Livings, rights and character of, 16; attack of James the Second on Magdalen College, 17.

Colleges, are eleemosynary corporations, 6, 8, 22; charters granted to, 7; foundation of, considered by Lord Mansfield, 9; charters should be kept inviolate, 23; party or political influence dangerous to, 23.

Colonies, establishment of Greek, 31; of New England, 34, 35; of Roman, 33; of West India, 34, 35; Spanish in South America, 134, 144; New England and Virginia, 144; English and Spanish compared, 145; original ground of dispute between England and the, 164; American, declared free and independent, 641.

Colonists, English, in America, secret of their success, 147; brought their charters, 148; in Virginia, failed for want of charter, 148; allegiance to the king, 165.

Columbus, Christopher, portrayed, 124, 144.

Columbus, O., convention at, in regard to the observance of the Sabbath, 518.

Commerce, condition of, in 1824, 83; its national character, 92, 498; how affected by laws of Confederation, 114; power of Congress to regulate, 114, 120; resolutions of New Jersey in regard to, 115; Mr. Witherspoon's motion in Congress concerning, 115; of Virginia in regard to, 115; necessity of vesting Congress with power to control, 115; law of Congress paramount, 120; guarded by the general government, 497.

Compact and government as distinguished from each other, 284.

Compromise Act, principle of, 489.

Compromise Line, in respect to slavery, 588.

Concurrent Legislation, defined and argued, 116; effect on monopolies, 119.

Confederation, its effect on commerce, 114; of 1781 a league, 276; state of the country under the, 281.

Confessions, how to be regarded, 220.

Congress of Delegates, at Philadelphia, 1774, 162; resolutions on the Declaration, 165; sat with closed doors, 166.

Congress of Greece, of 1821, 72.

Congress of United States, power to regulate commerce, 114, 120; should have power to regulate commerce, 115; and the States, argument on concurrent power of, 115; exclusive right over monopolies, 116; possesses exclusive admiralty jurisdiction, 118; law of, paramount, 120; laws of, in opposition to State law, 122; power concerning rights of authors and inventors, 122; its coinage powers, 185; to establish uniform bankrupt laws, 186; power over slave trade, 233; no power over slavery, 233, 429, 636; power to make laws, 293, 331; exclusive power to lay duties, 300; duty of, in case of a Presidential veto, 320; passes first bank charter, 1791, 327; to establish banks, 328, 334, 335; power of, continuous, 336; duties of both houses, 375; power to borrow money, 375; in regard to public moneys, 382; no precise time for expiration of session, 414; power over ceded territory, 445; no control over slavery, 571.

Congress of Verona, in regard to Greek revolution, 70, 153.

Connecticut, law of, concerning steam navigation, 112.

Constitution of United States, provision concerning _ex post facto_ laws, 19; its origin to regulate commerce, 114, 115; its authority to establish bankrupt laws, 179; law of, in regard to contracts, 180; object of the, 185; provides a medium for payment of debts, and a uniform mode of discharging them, 186; prohibitions of, concerning contracts and payment of debts, 187; provisions for settling questions of Constitutional law, 265; to be interpreted by the judicial power, 265, 282; as a compact, 270; not a compact between Sovereign States, argued, 273; object of, 281; not a league, 282; what it says of itself, 283; its relations to individuals, 286; Madison's opinion of, 313; provision of, in case of a Presidential veto, 320; President Jackson's view of, 354; our duty to the, 358; protects labor, 361; division of powers conferred by, 379; on power of removal from office, 398; divides powers of government, 398; recognized slavery, 429, 570; does not speak of Sovereign States, or Federal Government, 538; protects existing government of a State, 542; and the Union, speech on, March 7, 1850, 600; formation of the, 628; provision of, concerning fugitives, 629; officers of the law bound to support the, 630; how it affected the institution of slavery, lx.

Constructive presence defined, 210.

Contracts, cases cited concerning obligation of, 19; defined, include grants, 19; provision concerning obligation of, 19; law of the Constitution in regard to, 180; obligation of, defined, 180, 181; obligation of, rests on universal law, 181; the law not a part of, argued, 182-184; the constitutional provision in regard to, 185; prohibition on state law concerning, 187.

Convention of 1787, remarks on, 287.

Copper, duties received from, 108.

Corporate Franchises, power of Legislature over, limited, 6.

Corporations, acts of Legislature, on Dartmouth College (1769), 2, 3; royal prerogative to create, 5; power of King over, limited by Legislature, 5; power of Legislature to create, 5; opinion of Lord Mansfield on rights of, 5; divers sorts of, 6; eleemosynary, nature of, defined, 6, 9; power of, over property possessed by them, 6; charter rights of visitors of, 7; power of visitation over transferable, 7; argument of Stillingfleet, 8; rights of trustees object of legal protection, 11; franchises granted to, 11; concerning pecuniary benefit from, 11; concerning private property, 12; concerning grants of land to, 13; right of trustees to elect officers, 16; legislature, cannot repeal statutes creating private, 20; extract from Justice Buller on government of, 21; how charters of, may be altered or varied, 21; possible dangers of independent government, 22.

Cotton, attempt to naturalize growth of, in France, 99; how affected by tariff of 1824, 102; proposed reduction of duty on, 243; culture of, protected, 304; how its cultivation affects slavery and the South, 608.

Cotton Manufactures, importance of, 101; of England and United States, 103.

Crawford, Mr., opposing candidate to Mr. Adams, 581.

Credit System, and the Labor of the United States, remarks on, 449.

Credit System, benefit of, in United States, 364; evils arising from abuse of, 364.

Criminal Law, its object, 198.

Cumberland Road Bill, approved, 415.

Currency, effect of paper issues to depreciate, 81; paper, of England, effect on prices, 81; the laboring man's interest in, 360; experiment of exclusive specie, 362; President's interference with, 433; soundness of, 440; derangement of, effect of, 442; its restoration an object of revolution of 1840, 490.

Cushing, Thomas, delegate to Congress, 162.

Custom-house Bonds, act of 1800 in regard to, 383.

D.

Dallas, Geo. M., proposition of, for a bank, 460.

Dane, Nathan, drafted Ordinance of 1787, 231.

Danemora, iron mines of, 105.

Dartmouth College, argument in case of, 1; acts of Legislature affecting, 1, 3, 14, 15, 16, 18; corporation of, (1769,) 2; charter of, (1769,) is a contract, 22; observation of Mr. Webster on opinion of court of N.H. concerning, 22; incident connected with Mr. Webster's argument in case of, xxi.

Davis, Judge, 532.

Debt, abolition of imprisonment for, 474.

Debtor and Creditor, law of, 472, 473.

Debts, the Constitution provides for the payment and discharge of, 186.

Declaration of Independence, 163; committee appointed to draft the, 164; its object and foundation, 165; speeches of Webster for, and dissenting, ascribed to Adams and another, 167, 168; anniversary of, 641.

Democracy, Northern, policy of, 611.

Deposits, removal of, by the President, 369. _See_ Public Moneys.

Dexter, Samuel, character of, 261.

Disbursing Officers, tenure of office, 396.

Discourse delivered at Plymouth, on "First Settlement of New England," 25.

Dissolution of the Union, evils of, 346.

District of Columbia, remarks of Mr. Webster on Slavery in, 445; resolutions on Slavery in, 445; power of Congress in, 446.

Divine Right, a doctrine of the Holy Alliance, 63.

Dix, J.A., his vote for admission of Texas, 611.

Domestic Industry, not confined to manufactures, 98.

Dorr, Thomas W., at the head of revolutionary government of Rhode Island, 535; tried for treason, 536.

Dough Faces, voted for Missouri Compromise, 583.

Douglass, Stephen H., amendment concerning Missouri, 569.

Drum-Beat of England, 371.

Duane, W.J., removal of, from office, 368.

Duché, Rev. Mr., opened first Congress with prayer, 522.

Durfee, Chief Justice, charge of, in Dorr case of Rhode Island, 545.

Duties on Imports, extract from speech on, (1846,) 110.

E.

Education, provision for general diffusion of, in New England, 47, 48; sentiment of John Adams on, 174.

Edwards, Jonathan, his use of the word "sweetness," xxxix.

Election, of officers of colleges, 16.

Elections, rights of, 12; American system of, 540.

Electricity, progress in, 648.

Eleemosynary corporations, nature of, defined, 6, 9; colleges are included under, 22.

Ellenborough, Lord, on commercial restrictions, 87.

Ellsworth, Oliver, extract from, on the Constitution, 288, 295.

Eloquence, defined by Webster, 167.

Embargo, Mr. Hillhouse's opinion of, 260; opposed by Massachusetts, 260.

Emigration, different motives for, 31, 557; Grecian, 32; Roman, 33; purposes and prospects of Pilgrim Fathers, 35; toward the West, 41; to California, began, 601; how encouraged by England, 656.

England, effect of taxation on landholders in, 44; how land was holden, in time of Henry the Seventh, 44; paper system of, effect on prices, 81; protective system of, 84; policy of, in respect to paper currency, 86; manufacture of silk in, 87; removed certain restrictions on trade, 89; provisions concerning her shipping interest, 109; course of, in regard to Spanish colonies, 154; the original ground of dispute between the Colonies and, 164; relation of South Carolina to, in 1775, 259; maritime power of, in war of 1812, 461; imprisonment for debt abolished in, 474; progress of its power, 501; law of, in regard to charitable institutions, 527; representative system of, 538, 642; right claimed by, in respect to impressment, 655; encourages emigration, 656.

English Colonists, in America, secret of their success, 147.

English Composition, school-boy's attempt at, xi; falseness of style, xii.

English Language, correct use in the United States, 148.

English Revolution of 1688, 63; participation of Massachusetts in, 39.

Europe, effect in United States of pacification of, 242; condition of, at the birth of Washington, 341.

Everett, Edward, Minister to England, 487; draft for the Hülsemann letter, 678.

Ewing, Thomas, resolution in regard to payments for public lands, 438; plan for a national bank, 490.

Exchange, the rate of, 96; English standard of, 97.

Exchequer, plan of, Mr. Webster's approbation of, 491, 492; sent to Congress in 1842, 491.

Exclusion of Slavery from the Territories, speech on, Aug. 12, 1848, 569.

Executive of United States, power over the press, 351, 352; refuses to execute law of Congress, 353; patronage, dangers of, 394, 395; power of, defined, 398; extension of its power, 430, 431; change in the fiscal system effected by, 436.

Executive Patronage, and removals from office, speech on, 347.

Executive Usurpation, speech on, 353.

Exeter College, judgment of Lord Holt, in case of, 7; argument of Stillingfleet, 8.

Exports from the United States, 79, 93.

Ex post facto laws, prohibited by Constitution of U.S., 19.

Eyre, Lord Commissioner, opinion of, on chartered charities, 9.

F.

Faneuil Hall, draped in mourning for the first time, 156; reception of Mr. Webster at, Sept. 30, 1842, 481.

Federalism, history of, 252.

Federalist, extract from, on the Constitution, 289.

Festival of Sons of New Hampshire, 598.

Fillmore, Millard, laid corner-stone of extension to the Capitol, 644; addressed, 653.

Fitch, John, grant to, concerning steam navigation, 112.

Fitzsimmons, Mr., suggests protective duties, 303.

Flagg, George, his painting of the Landing of the Pilgrims, 52.

Fletcher v. Peck, case of contract, 19.

Florida, acquisition of, 429; admitted into the Union, 559; cession of, 608.

Foot's Resolution, in Congress, concerning Public Lands, 227; Mr. Webster's second speech on, 227; Mr. Webster's last remarks on, 269.

Foreigners, as stockholders in U.S. Bank, 325-327.

Foreign Interference, President Monroe on, 153.

Foreign Trade, to be encouraged, 94, 98.

Forsyth, John, moves to reduce duty on cotton, 243.

Fortification Bill, speech on loss of the, 407; history of, 410-413; extract from President's Message on, 416.

Foster, John, extract from his "Essay on Evils of Popular Ignorance," 523.

Fox, Charles, remark on Lord Chancellor Thurlow, xxxvii; and Burke, speeches of, compared, lvi.

France, subdivision of landed property in, 44; prophecy concerning government of, 44, 53; allies enter into, effect on trade, 80; invasion of Spain, 153; alliance of U.S. with, declared void, 278; letters of marque, asked by President Jackson, 420.

Franchise, and liberty, synonymous terms, 11; individual, protected by law, 15.

Franchises, corporate, power of Legislature over, limited, 6; granted to trustees of corporations, 11.

Francis the First, quoted, 681.

Franklin, Benjamin, 39; appointed to draft the Declaration, 164.

Franklin, State of, constitution of, and provision to supply a currency, 470.

Free Blacks, from North, how treated at the South, 620.

Free Press, attributes of, 350; the bestowing of office on conductors of the, 351.

Free Schools, of New England, 47.

Free Soil men, character of, 631.

Free Soil Party, platform of, 580; nominate Martin Van Buren, 581.

Free Trade, speech of Mr. Webster on, 109, note.

Freights, rates of, 83, 108; of iron from Sweden, 106.

French Indemnity Loan, of 1818, 81.

Frothingham, Richard, extract from, on laying corner-stone of Bunker Hill Monument, 123; account of completion of Bunker Hill Monument, 135.

Fugitive Slave Law, of 1793, and 1850, 634; opposition to, 635.

Fugitive Slaves, complaint of the South and duty of the North concerning, 617; provision of the Constitution in respect to, 629.

Fulton, Robert, his exclusive right to navigation, 112.

Fulton and Livingston, grant of steam navigation to, by New York, 112.

G.

Gage, Governor, convenes General Court at Salem, 162; rejects John Adams as Councillor, 162.

Gaines, Major, description of New Mexico, 565.

Gallagher, Wm. D., extract from, on growth of Western trade, 646.

General Court, convened at Salem, 162; at Salem dissolved, and power of England terminated, 162.

Georgia, cession of her Western territory, 608.

German Literature, play ridiculing the, 454.

Gerry, Samuel, 170.

Gibbons v. Ogden, case of, 111; argument of Mr. Webster in, 111.

Girard College, provisions of Girard's will in regard to, 506; restriction concerning religious instruction in, 507; no observance of the Sabbath there, 518.

Girard, Stephen, will of, contested, 505; his scheme derogatory to Christianity, 515, 516.

Glass, duty on, advisable, 102.