Part 49
“I need scarcely point out how utterly irreconcileable is the proverbially smooth, gliding motion of a serpent, with the supposition of its passage through the water causing such frictional disturbance that “white foam appeared before it, and at the side, which stretched out several fathoms”, and of “the water boiling around it on both sides of it”. The cuttle is the only animal that I know of that would cause this by the effluent current from its “syphon tube.” I have seen a deeply laden ship push in front of her a vast hillock of water, which fell off on each side in foam as it was parted by her bow; but that was of man’s construction. Nature builds on better lines. No swimming creature has such unnecessary friction to overcome. Even the seemingly unwieldy body of a porpoise enters and passes through the water without a splash, and nothing can be more easy and graceful than the feathering action of the flippers of the awkward-looking turtle.”
Again I beg my readers to read the above-mentioned account, that they may decide for themselves, whether the animal was a sea-serpent or a great calamary. Mr. LEE’S last views of the motion of sea-animals is also wrong; I make bold to contradict here all his assertions; for instance, he says: “Nature builds on better lines”. I say: If nature built on better lines, men would long ago have imitated them. All creatures, when swimming rapidly on the surface, cause a splash. Swans, when moving as rapidly as possible, cause heavy undulations before the chest, and I have observed myself the common porpoises in the Zuider Zee, which when coming to the surface to breathe, caused a splash and a rushing of water, which all who were on board distinctly saw and heard.
The sea-serpent of Mr. MORRIES STIRLING (n^o. 113) appeared, according to Mr. HENRY LEE also “to have been, like the others from the same locality, a large calamary.”
Of the sea-serpent seen by Captain M’QUHAE and his officers he says:
“Of course neither Professor Owen, nor any one else, doubted the veracity or _bona fides_ of the captain and officers of one of Her Majesty’s ships; and their testimony was the more important because it was that of men accustomed to the sights of the sea. Their practised eyes would, probably, be able to detect the true character of anything met with afloat even if only partially seen, as intuitively as the Red Indian reads the signs of the forest or the trail; and therefore they were not likely to be deceived by any of the objects with which sailors are familiar. They would not be deluded by seals, porpoises, trunks of trees, or Brobdingnagian stems of Algae; but there was one animal with which they were not familiar, of the existence of which they were unaware, and which, as I have said, at that date was generally believed to be as unreal as the sea-serpent itself--namely, the great calamary, the elongated form of which has certainly in some other instances been mistaken for that of a sea-snake. One of these seen swimming in the manner I have described, and endeavoured to portray, would fulfil the description given by Lieutenant Drummond, and would in a great measure account for the appearances reported by Captain M’Quhae. “_The head long, pointed and flat on the top_”, accords with the pointed extremity and caudal fin of the squid. “_Head kept horizontal with the surface of the water, and in rather a raised position, disappearing occasionally beneath a wave for a very brief interval, and not apparently for purposes of respiration._” A perfect description of the position and action of a squid swimming. “_No portion of it perceptibly used in propelling it through the water, either by vertical or horizontal undulations._” The mode of propulsion of a squid--the outpouring stream of water from its locomotor tube--would be unseen and unsuspected, because submerged. Its effect, the swirl in its wake, would suggest a prolongation of the creature’s body. The numerous arms trailing astern at the surface of the water would give the appearance of a mane. I think it not impossible that if the officers of the _Daedalus_ had been acquainted with this great sea-creature the impression on their mind’s eye would not have taken the form of a serpent. I offer this, with much diffidence, as a suggestion arising from recent discoveries; and by no means insist on its acceptance; for Captain M’Quhae, who had a very close view of the animal, distinctly says that “the head was, without any doubt, that of a serpent”, and one of his officers subsequently declared that the eye, the mouth, the nostril, the colour, and the form were all most distinctly visible.”
And of the sea-serpent of Mr. R. DAVIDSON (n^o. 93) he asserts: “The features of this incident are consistent with his having seen one of the, then unknown, great calamaries.”
The sea-serpent, seen by Lieutenant SANFORD (n^o. 74) is also explained by him to be “evidently a great squid seen under circumstances similar to those described by HANS EGEDE”.
Captain HARRINGTON’S sea-serpent (n^o. 131), according to Mr. LEE, “was evidently, again, a large calamary raising its caudal extremity and fin above the surface, and discolouring the water by discharging its ink.”
Considering and weighing various explanations hitherto given, Mr. LEE concludes: “I am convinced that, whilst naturalists have been searching amongst the vertebrata for a solution of the problem, the great unknown, and therefore unrecognized, calamaries by their elongated cylindrical bodies and peculiar mode of swimming, have played the part of the sea-serpent in many a well-authenticated incident.”
In answering, again, Mr. GOSSE’S question: “To which of the recognized classes of created beings can this huge rover of the ocean be referred?” he says: “I reply: To the Cephalopoda. There is not one of the above judiciously summarized characteristics that is not supplied by the great calamary, and its ascertained habits and peculiar mode of locomotion.”
With these “above summarized characteristics” are meant those which Mr. GOSSE enumerates in his _Romance of Natural History_ (see p. 318 of the present volume), but which, as we know, are taken by him from only six reports of true sea-serpents, and from a report of a would-be sea-serpent!
The reader will remember that, on one occasion, I explained a would-be sea-serpent by reference to a large calamary, because the head was described “acute” and the colour “crimson”. All true sea-serpents are brownish black, and only in case the animal had swum for a long time in the sun and partly above the surface of the water, the colour is yellowish, grey or greyish. It is true that this colour partly agrees with that of a calamary, when quite at rest or when dead; but generally, when the animal is in motion, and especially in emotion, the colour becomes a reddish-purple or crimson-red. Moreover the long neck, the mane, the extraordinary long tail, the four flappers, are not explained by reference to a calamary.
* * * * *
The =twenty-third= explanation is proposed by Mr. SEARLES V. WOOD, JUN. in _Nature_ of November 18th., 1880. His article on the “Order Zeuglodontia” closes with the following parenthesis:
“[The animal seen from the _Osborne_, and figured in the _Graphic_ of June 30th., 1877, as “the sea-serpent”, is quite a different thing from the one in question, and may have been =a manatee=.]”
This figure is our figure 45. Evidently Mr. WOOD did not read the account accurately, and so came to a hasty supposition based on a figure only. The length of the visible part of the animal seen from the _Osborne_, i. e. “from its crown or top to just below the shoulders, where it became immersed”, was “about fifty feet”, and the length of the flappers “each about fifteen feet”. So this animal had an enormous neck. Now the manatee or sea-cow has a total length of ten feet, the length from the crown or top to just below the shoulders is not more than four feet and there is no question of a neck, as our figure will show. Mr. WOOD committed the mistake, like so many others, that he explained _one_ sea-serpent, instead of first comparing _all_ the reports of it before giving an opinion.
* * * * *
Let us now place all these explanations side by side. According to different authorities, the sea-serpent may be:
1. A row of porpoises. (Rev. ALDEN BRADFORD, 1803).
2. _Scoliophis atlanticus_, a new species of snake with bunches on its back. (Hon. JOHN DAVIS, Prof. JACOB BIGELOW, Mr. C. F. GRAY, 1817).
3. A large tunny. (Prof. THOMAS SAY, 1818).
4. A true sea-snake (_Hydrophis_) of very large size. (Mr. CONSTANT SAMUEL RAFINESQUE SCHMALTZ, 1819).
5. A gigantic individual of the eel-tribe. (Mr. CONSTANT SAMUEL RAFINESQUE SCHMALTZ, 1819).
6. A fable, arisen from Northern Mythology. (Dr. PERCY, 1820?).
7. A basking shark, or a row of sharks. (Mr. SAMUEL L. MITCHILL, 1828).
8. A balaenopterous whale, or a row of them. (Mr. SAMUEL L. MITCHILL, 1828).
9. An _Ichthyosaurus_, or a saurian allied to it. (Mr. R. BAKEWELL, 1830?).
10. A _Plesiosaurus_, or a saurian allied to it. (Professor BENJAMIN SILLIMAN, 1830?).
11. Not a saurian. (Prof. BENJAMIN SILLIMAN, 1835).
12. A row of spermwhales. (Professor HERMANN SCHLEGEL, 1837).
13. A _Basilosaurus_. (Professor MATTHIAS JACOB SCHLEIDEN, 1847).
14. A _Saccopharynx_ or an _Ophiognathus_. (Anonymous writer in one of the daily papers, 1848, Nov. 6?).
15. A large boa. (Anonymous writer in one of the daily papers, 1848, Nov. 6?).
16. A _Macrorhinus leoninus_, or sea-elephant. (Professor RICHARD OWEN, 1848, Nov. 9).
17. A large sea-weed. (Commander J. A. HERRIMAN, of the _Brazilian_, 1849).
18. A large ribbon-fish, _Gymnetrus_ or _Regalecus_. (Mr. A. G. MORE, 1856).
19. A floating dead tree, or bamboo, or a weed-laden log of wood. (Mr. ARTHUR ADAMS, 1860).
20. A mass of flying birds. (Mr. JOSEPH DREW, 1878).
21. A large sea-turtle. (Mr. ANDREW WILSON, 1879).
22. A gigantic calamary. (Mr. ANDREW WILSON, 1879? or Mr. HENRY LEE, 1883).
23. A manatee. (Mr. SEARLES VALENTINE WOOD JUN., 1880).
* * * * *
I have bracketed the names of the authors who, as far as I could discover, were the first to express the supposition to which their name is added. The dates are those at which they published their supposition.
Of all these explanations those are the best, which are not the result of reading _one single_ report (1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 14, 15, 16), which are not mere suppositions without any foundation (6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 21, 23), which are not offered by persons who a moment ago saw a deceitful object or animal (17, 18, 19, 20, 22), but which are the result of a _study_ of several accounts and reports. They are those marked 2, 9 and 10. And of these n^o. 10 is the most admissible, because the _Plesiosaurus_ in its outlines most resembles the sea-serpent. Why, however, is the sea-serpent not a _Plesiosaurus_? I have already summed up some reasons, when treating of this explanation, but the principal reasons are the mammalian characters, habits and behaviour of the sea-serpent; I will try to prove this in the next chapter.
VI.
Conclusions.
The Libraries from which I borrowed the greater part of the works treating of the subject were:
The Royal Library at the Hague,
The Library of the Leiden University,
The Library of the Utrecht University,
The Library of the Groningen University,
The Library of the Amsterdam University,
The Library of the Royal University at Göttingen,
The Library of the Royal Zoological Society “Natura Artis Magistra” at Amsterdam,
The Library of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Amsterdam,
The Library of the Museum of Natural History at Leiden,
The Library of the Dutch Zoological Society at den Helder, and
The Library of the Dutch Entomological Society at Leiden.
In the part headed _Literature on the Subject_ I have given an idea of the mass of works and articles written about it. I here present to my readers a list of the different appearances found by me in the works which I have consulted. Of each appearance I have noted down as far as possible, the date, the locality and the names of the observers. The numbers correspond with those in the 4th. Chapter.
* * * * *
1.--1522.--Near the Isle of Moos, Norway.
2.--1640.--Most probably in the Sound between Sweden and Denmark.--Burgomaster of Malmö.
3.--1687.--Damsfjord in Norway.--Several persons, and at one time eleven persons together.
4.--1720.--A little inlet near Kobbervueg, in Norway.--THORLACK THORLACKSEN.
5.--1734, July 6.--Before the harbour of Gothaab in Davis’ Straits, west of Greenland, at 64° N.--Rev. HANS EGEDE, Rev. BING.
6.--1743?--Cliffs near Amund in Nordfjord, in Norway.
7.--1744?--Isle of Karmen, in Norway.
8.--1745?--Near Sundsland, two miles from Bergen, in Norway.--A fisherman.
9.--1746, August.--Jule-Naess, six miles from Molde, in Norway.--The Hon. LORENZ VON FERRY, NIELS PETERSEN KOPPER, and NIELS NIELSEN ANGLEWIGEN.
10.--1747?--Coast of Norway.--Commander BENSTRUP.
11.--1748?--Coast of Norway.--Mr. REUTZ.
12.--1749?--Coast of Norway.--Mr. TUCHSEN.
13.--1750?--Coast of Norway.--A north-sailor.
14.--1751?--Near Sundsmöer.--Some fishermen.
15.--1751.--Near Muscongus-Island and Round Pond in Broad Bay, Maine, U. S. A.--Mr. JOSEPH KENT.
16.--1770?--East coast of U. S. A.--Captain PAUL REED.
17.--1777 or 1778.--Penobscot Bay, Maine, U. S. A.--Captain ELEAZAR CRABTREE.
18.--1779?--Penobscot Bay, Maine, U. S. A.--Mr. STEPHAN TUCKEY.
19.--1780, May.--Near Muscongus Island and Round Pond, in Broad Bay, U. S. A.--Captain GEORGE LITTLE, of the _Boston_ frigate.
20.--1781?--Off Meduncook, east coast of U. S. A.
21.--1782?--East coast of U. S. A.?--The British on their expedition to Bagadusa.
22.--1783?--Near the Isle of Mount Desert, east of Penobscot Bay, Maine, U. S. A.--Inhabitants of this isle.
23.--1784?--Near Ash Point on Fox and Long Island, Maine, U. S. A.--Mr. CROCKET.
24.--1785?--Penobscot Bay, Maine, U. S. A.--Mr. MILLER.
25.--1786, August 1.--Lat. 42° 44′ N., long. 23° 10′ W., north-east of the Azores.--On board the _General Coole_.
26.--1787?--East coast of U. S. A.--Captain LILLIS.
27.--1794?--Near Fox and Long Islands, Maine, U. S. A.--Two inhabitants of these islands.
28.--1799?--Near Fox and Long Islands, Maine, U. S. A.--Two inhabitants of these islands.
29.--1802, July.--Between Cape Rosoi and Long Island, Maine, U. S. A.--The Rev. ABRAHAM CUMMINGS, Mrs. CUMMINGS, Miss CUMMINGS, Miss MARTHA SPRING.
30.--1805?--Near Cape Breton and Newfoundland.--Mr. W. LEE.
31.--1808, June.--Coast of Coll, west of Scotland.--Rev. DONALD MACLEAN.
32.--1808, June.--Coast of Canna and Rum, west of Scotland.--The crew of thirteen fishing boats.
33.--1810?--?--A mariner.
34.--1815, June 20.--Warren’s Cove, near Plymouth, in Cape Cod Bay, Mass., U. S. A.--Captain ELKANAH FINNEY, his son, and some house carpenters.
35.--1815, June 21.--Warren’s Cove, near Plymouth, in Cape Cod Bay, Mass., U. S. A.--Captain ELKANAH FINNEY.
36.--1816?--Near Behring’s Island.--Mr. KRIUKOF.
37.--1817, August 6.--Harbour of Cape Ann.--Two women.
38.--1817, August 10.--Near Ten Pound Island in the Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. AMOS STORY.
39.--1817, August 12.--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. SALOMON ALLEN, 3d.
40.--1817, August 13.--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. SALOMON ALLEN, 3d.
41.--1817, August 14.--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. SALOMON ALLEN 3d., Mr. EPES ELLERY, Mr. WILLIAM H. FOSTER, Mr. MATTHEW GAFFNEY, Mr. DANIEL GAFFNEY, Mr. AUGUSTIN M. WEBBER, and the Hon. LONSON NASH.
42.--1817, August 15.--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. JAMES MANSFIELD.
43.--1817, August 17.--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. WILLIAM H. FOSTER, Mr. JOHN JOHNSTON, jun., Captain JOHN CORLISS, Mr. GEORGE MARBLE.
44.--1817, August 18.--Off Cape Ann Harbour, Mass., U. S. A.--The Captain and crew of a vessel.--Webber’s Cove in the Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. WILLIAM B. PEARSON, Mr. JAMES P. COLLINS, Colonel T. H. PERKINS, Mr. LEE.
45.--1817, August 22?--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--A woman, Mr. MANSFIELD and Mrs. MANSFIELD.
46.--1817, August 23.--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. AMOS STORY.
47.--1817, August 24?--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Several of the crews of coasting vessels.
48.--1817, August 28.--Two miles east of the eastern point of Cape Ann, Mass., U. S. A.--Captain SEWELL TOPPAN, of the schooner _Laura_, WILLIAM SOMERBY, ROBERT BRAGG, mariners on board the same schooner.
49.--1817, August 30?--In the neighbourhood of Cape Ann, Mass., U. S. A.--One of the revenue cutters.
50.--1817, October 3.--In the sound between Long Island and the State New York, U. S. A.--Mr. JAMES GUION.
51.--1817, October 5.--Long Island Sound, N. York, U. S. A.--Mr. THOMAS HERTELL.
52.--1818, June.--Off Cape Henry, Virg., U. S. A.--The Captain and crew of the brig _Wilson_.
53.--1818, June 19.--In Sag Harbour, Long Island, N. Y., U. S. A.
54.--1818, June 21.--East coast of U. S. A.--S. WEST, master of the Packet _Delia_.
55.--1818, July 2.--Between Cranch Island Point and Marsh Island, about seven miles from Portland, Maine, U. S. A.--Mssrs. J. WEBBER and R. HAMILTON.
56.--1818, July.--60° N. latitude and 8° W. longitude, between Far Öer and Hebrides.--Captain BROWN.
57.--1818 July.--Folden fjord, Norway.--Some fishermen of Folden fjord.
58.--1818 August?--Near Fieldvigen, Norway.--Fishermen of Fieldvigen.
59.--1818, August 19.--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Captain RICHARD RICH.
60.--1819, June 6.--About 15 miles north-west of Race Point, Mass., U. S. A.--Captain HAWKINS WHEELER, of the sloop _Concord_, and GERSHAM BENNETT.
61.--1819, July.--Sound between the Island of Ottersum and the continent, Norway.--Captain SCHILDERUP and about thirty other persons.
62.--1819, August 12?--At Nahant Beach, Mass., U. S. A.
63.--1819, August 13?--Near Nahant, Mass., U. S. A.--Mr. JAMES PRINCE, Mr. SMITH, Mrs. PRINCE, Mr. JAMES MAGEE, Mr. SAMUEL CABOT, Mrs. CABOT, Mr. JAMES BOOTT, Colonel T. H. PERKINS, Mrs. PERKINS, and family.
64.--1819, August.--Vieg or Veg fjord, Norway.--JOHN GREGAR.
65.--1819, August?--At the North Cape.--Some fishermen.
66.--1819, August?--Bay of Shuresund or Sorsund in the Drontheim fjord, Norway.--The Right Rev. Bishop of the Nordlands and Finmark.
67.--1819? August?--In the Mageröe-Sund near North Cape, Norway.--The sexton of Maasöe.
68.--1819, August.--Near Vadsöe, Norway.--Several persons.
69.--1819, August 26.--Harbour of Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--The Rev. CHEEVER FELCH, Captain WILLIAM T. MALBONE, of the schooner _Science_, Midshipman BLAKE, four boatsmen.
70.--1819, September?--Near Boston, Mass., U. S. A.--An Officer of the American Navy.
71.--1819, September 13?--Bay of Massachusetts, U. S. A.
72.--1820, July?--Near Hundsholm, Norway.--A young man, master of a small fishing yacht.
73.--1820, August.--Near Nahant, Mass., U. S. A.--Several members of the family of Colonel T. H. PERKINS.
74.--1820?--About latitude 46°, longitude 3°, Bay of Biscay.--Lieutenant GEORGE SANDFORD, Captain of the _Lady of Combermere_.
75.--1821, Summer.--Several members of the family of Colonel T. H. PERKINS.
76.--1821.--Near the east coast of U. S. A.--Captain BENNETT.
77.--1821, September 25?--Near Nantucket Isle.--Many persons, Mr. FRANCIS JOY JUN.
78.--1821.--Off the Isles of Stenness, Vaily and Dunrossness (Shetland Islands).
79.--1822, Summer.--Off Soröe, Norway.--Many inhabitants of Soröe.
80.--1824, January.--Lat. 34° 31′ South, long. 48° West, about sixty miles east of Uruguay.
81.--1824, Summer.--Off Plum Island and in Shad Cove (Rhode Island?), U. S. A.--Mr. RUGGLES.
82.--1825?--West coast of Scotland?--Mr. ANDREW STRANG.
83.--1826, June 16.--George’s Bank, South of Newfoundland.--Captain HOLDREGE of the ship _Silas Richards_, Mr. WARBURTON, Miss. MAGEE.
84.--1826, June 18.--Off Cape Cod, Mass., U. S. A.--Captain and crew of a vessel.
85.--1827, August 24.--Christiania fjord, Norway.--Five persons.
86.--1827, August 26.--Christiania fjord, Norway.--Several persons.
87.--1827, September 3.--Off Nusodden, Norway (Christiania fjord?).
88.--1827, September 5.--Off Lepager (Christiania fjord?), Norway.
89.--1827, September 9.--Off Dröbak, Christiania fjord, Norway.--Several persons.
90.--1828?--Christiansund fjord, Norway.--NILS ROE.
91.--1828?--Christiansund fjord, Norway.--NILS ROE.
92.--1829? July.--Christiansund fjord, Norway.--LARS JOHNÖEN.
93.--1829, the end of July.--A considerable distance south-west of the Cape of Good Hope.--Captain PETRIE, of the _Royal Saxon_, and Mr. R. DAVIDSON.
94.--1830?--Christiansund fjord, Norway.--JOHN JOHNSON.
95.--1831?--In a narrow fjord near Christiansund, Norway.--Mr. WILLIAM KNUDTZON, Mr. BOOKLUNE.
96.--1832, Summer.--Rödö and Södelöw fjords, Norway.--Many persons.
97.--1833, May, 15.--Some miles from Margaret’s Bay, Nova Scotia.--Captain W. SULLIVAN, Lieutenants A. MACLACHLAN, G. P. MALCOLM, B. O’NEAL LYSTER, Mr. HENRY INCE.
98.--1833, July, on a Saturday.--Off Nahant, Mass., U. S. A.--Several persons.
99.--1833, July, the next Sunday.--Lynn Harbour, Mass., U. S. A.--Forty or fifty ladies and gentlemen.
100.--1834, Summer.--Bay of Gloucester Mass., U. S. A.--One of the crew of the Brig _Mangehan_.
101.--1835, March or April.--A few miles from Race Point Light, near Gloucester, Mass., U. S. A.--Captain SHIBBLES, and the crew, of the brig _Mangehan_.
102.--1836?--In Christiansund fjord, at Torvig, Norway.--Mr. GAESCHKE.
103.--1837, end of July.--Near Storfosen and the Krovaag Isles (Drontheim) Norway.--A trustworthy and intelligent gentleman, with his two sons, and numerous people.
104.--1838?--The South Atlantic.--Captain BEECHY, of the _Blossom_.
105.--1839, August?--Near Boston.--Captain BUBIER.
106.--1839, September?--Coast of Maine, U. S. A.--Captain SMITH.
106 A.--1840, April 21.--24° 13′ N. latitude, 89° 52′ W. longitude, in the Gulf of Mexico.--Captain D’ABNOUR.
106 B.--1840, June?--Near Boston?
107.--1840, July?--Molde fjord, Norway.--Mr. HAMMER, Mr. KRAFT, and some other persons.
107 A.--1840, August?--“Along the whole line of the American coast”, i. e. of the east coast of the U. S.
108.--1841.--Christiansund fjord, Norway.--Several persons.
109.--1842?--Romsdal fjord, Norway.--A parish priest.
110.--1842?--Romsdal fjord, Norway.--A gentleman.
111.--1843, Summer.--Christiansund fjord, Norway.
111 A.--1843, October?--Near Ibbestad, not far from Christiansand, Norway.--Some fishermen.
112.--1845?--Near Bergen? Norway.--Some fishermen.
113.--1845.--Between Bergen and Sogn, Norway.--Mr. J. D. MORRIES STIRLING, and two other gentlemen.
114.--1845 or 1846, Summer.--Camp’s Bay, near Cape Town.--Mr. G. D. BRUNETTE, Mr. CHARLES A. FAIRBRIDGE.
115.--1845, July 28.--Romsdale fjord, Norway.--Mr. J. C. LUND, Mr. G. S. KROCH, CHRISTIAN FLANG and JOHN ELGENSES.
117.--1846, August 8.--Between the islands of Sartor Leer and Tös, and in Bjornfjord, near Bergen, Norway.--Several persons, DANIEL SALOMONSON, his wife INGEBORG, ABRAHAM ABRAHAMSEN HAGENOES.
118.--1848, August 6.--Lat. 24° 44′ S., long 9° 22′ E., between the Cape of Good Hope and St. Helena.--Mr. SARTORIS, midshipman, Lieutenant EDGAR DRUMMOND, Captain PETER M’QUHAE, Mr. WILLIAM BARRETT, master, and most of the officers and crew of H. M. S. _Daedalus_.
119.--1848?--The Gulf of California.--Captain the Hon. GEORGE HOPE.
120.--1848, December 31.--Lat. 41° 13′ N., long. 12° 31′ W., west of Oporto.--An officer of H. M. S. _Plumper_.