Chapter 1

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THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT

Vol. 2--No. 24, June 16, 1898. Whole No. 84. [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]

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The Great Round World

And What Is Going On In It

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Vol. II., No. 24. JUNE 16, 1898 Whole No. 84

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CONTENTS.

With the Editor 745 New Books 746 Lieutenant Hobson's Brave Deed 749 News from Havana 753 Landing Effected in Cuba 755 Origin of the Red Cross Society 756 The "Plimsoll Mark" 758 The International Date Line 758 News from the Philippines 760 Lieutenant Carranza's Missing Letter 761 Life in Skaguay, Alaska 763 Interview with Señor Moret 766 Removal of Political Disabilities 767 Story of the Sierra Leone Massacre 767 The Hawaiian Flag 770 Bombardment of Santiago Forts 771 LATEST NEWS 774

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[Sidenote: =With the Editor=]

We have received a number of inquiries from our young subscribers in reference to what they may do for the soldiers and sailors. The following circular letter which has just been received will, we feel sure, interest all of our subscribers. The work outlined is certainly to be commended, and we hope to hear of branches of this society being started in other parts of the country.

FIRST NEW YORK AMBULANCE RED CROSS EQUIPMENT SOCIETY.

(Auxiliary to American Red Cross Relief Committee.)

Honorary President, Treasurer, Bishop Potter. Robert Bacon (J. P. Morgan & Co.).

"Orange, N. J., May 31, 1898.

"The First Dearborn-Morgan School Auxiliary of the New York Ambulance Red Cross Equipment Society has been organized for the purpose of interesting boys and girls in the present relief work of the Red Cross. The Red Cross is an international society which was formed to give help to the wounded in war-time, irrespective of friend or foe.

"The purpose of the New York Ambulance Red Cross Equipment Society is to assist the Red Cross during this war between America and Spain by providing ambulances and ambulance launches for moving sick or wounded soldiers to field hospitals or hospital ships.

"All contributions to the First Dearborn-Morgan School Auxiliary may be sent either to the President or to the Treasurer.

"It is earnestly hoped that all boys and girls will assist in this national work."

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=New Books=

"The General's Double," by Captain King, and "Trooper Ross and Signal Butte," by the same author, come to us from the press of J. B. Lippincott Company. The former is a capital story of the Civil War, the plot being based upon the remarkable likeness existing between two men in the Union army. It has all of the charm of the works of this favorite author.

The second book contains two stories, the heroes of both being boys. The first, "Trooper Ross," describes the adventures of an officer's son, his exciting experiences with Indians on the plains as a little chap, taking his part at boarding-school later; then, failing to obtain his admission to West Point, he works his way through the ranks to his commission. "Signal Butte" covers a series of exciting adventures in Arizona, in which two boys are the central figures. This book will prove a great favorite with the boys especially.

EDITOR OF THE GREAT ROUND WORLD:

"I take the liberty of recommending as an excellent book for the young, 'Cuore, An Italian Schoolboy's Journal; A Book for Boys,' by Edmondo de Amicis.

"It is a very admirable and spirited work, as good for old as for young people, and ought to be in every home.

"From one of your subscribers at Great Neck, Long Island."

This book is published by Crowell & Co., Boston, and is indeed well worth reading. There are two editions--one illustrated, price $1.50; the other without illustrations, price 60 cents.

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Current History

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In our last number we mentioned in the "Latest News" the sinking of the _Merrimac_ at the entrance of the harbor of Santiago; since then a number of accounts have come, which we are sure you will be interested to hear. The brave fellows who were with Lieutenant Hobson were Daniel Montague, George Charette, Osborn Diegnan, George F. Phillips, Francis Kelly, J. C. Murphy, and Randolph Clausen.

Before submitting his plans to Admiral Sampson, Lieutenant Hobson had worked them out to the smallest detail. Shortly before starting he told his plans to one of his companions. He said: "I am quite sure that we can reach to within three or four hundred yards past Estrella battery behind Morro Castle. I do not think that they can sink me before I can get there. When I reach this, the narrowest part of the channel, I shall swing the vessel around, stop the engines, open the sea valves, touch off the torpedoes, and leave the vessel lying across the channel, which is not as broad as the Merrimac is long. There are to be ten torpedoes below the water-line placed against the bulkheads and connected with each other by a wire under the ship. These torpedoes connect with the bridge, and they should do their work very quickly. I shall have four of the men on the deck with me, and in the engine-room two others. We will all be in our underclothing, with our revolvers and ammunition, in water-tight cases, strapped to our waists. Near the anchor forward I shall have one of the men placed, with an axe, and around his waist a light line which will be attached to the bridge where I stand. The minute that I order the engines stopped I shall jerk this cord; this will be a signal to him to cut the lashing and let go the forward anchor. He will then jump overboard and swim to the boat at the stern. The men in the engine-room, after stopping the engines, will open the sea connections, and then join the rest and throw themselves overboard. I shall fire the torpedoes the last thing, and this will insure the rapid sinking of the vessel." When Hobson was asked if he expected to escape alive, he said: "Well, I suppose the batteries on shore will make it pretty hot for us; but they will not be able to see very clearly, and I think we have a fair chance of getting away. We certainly shall not allow ourselves to be taken prisoners without fighting for it." All Wednesday night the crew were at work on the _Merrimac_ to get her stripped for her final resting-place. Early Thursday morning a start was made, but the vessel was ordered back, as the delays in getting her ready had made it impossible to take advantage of the darkness. Very early Friday morning the second start was made, and this time she succeeded in getting well in shore before the first glimmer of daylight; but soon the crews on the ships, who were anxiously waiting, saw the flash of the first gun on shore, and then a brisk firing began from both batteries and fort, which was kept up for some time. Of the _Merrimac_, nothing more was seen until broad daylight, when the top of her mast was discovered protruding from the water in just the position that Hobson had planned to place her.

Admiral Cervera sent a boat out with the news that the men had been captured, and to make arrangements for their exchange. Lieutenant Hobson's exploit has received universal praise from all parts of the world; he will unquestionably be promoted and receive special distinction from the Government.

One of the young officers on the _New York_, Cadet Powell, also displayed great bravery. He was detailed to command the _New York's_ steam launch, which accompanied the _Merrimac_ to pick up Hobson and his men if they succeeded in escaping from the harbor; he was the last man to see them. Speaking of the start, he said: "Hobson was as cool as a cucumber; when I shook hands with him, he said: 'Powell, watch the boat's crew when we pull out of the harbor. We will be cracks, rowing thirty strokes to the minute.' We followed about three-quarters of a mile astern of the _Merrimac_. When about two hundred yards from the harbor the first gun was fired from the eastern bluff; we were then about a half mile from shore. The firing increased very rapidly, and we lost sight of the _Merrimac_ in the smoke which the wind carried off shore. The western battery finally was used and began firing. They shot wildly, and we did not see where the shots struck. We then ran in closer to the shore. Then we heard the explosion of the torpedoes on the _Merrimac_. Until daylight we waited, just outside the breakers, about half a mile from Morro Castle, keeping a sharp lookout for a boat or swimmers. Hobson had arranged to meet us off that point; but thinking that some might have drifted out, we crossed in front of Morro. About five o'clock we crossed the harbor again, and in passing saw one spar of the _Merrimac_ sticking out of the water; we hugged the shore just outside the breakers; the batteries saw us and opened fire; it was then broad daylight; and finding nothing, we finally made for the _New York_; the men behaved splendidly." Great admiration is expressed at the Navy Department in Washington at the coolness and pluck shown by Cadet Powell; he is likely to profit by his great courage. Young Powell is one of the cadets from the Naval Academy whom Lieutenant Hobson secured permission to take with him; they were in the class which Hobson instructed, and he wished them to accompany him in order that they might have practical experience in the effect of explosives on ships. At Annapolis young Powell was considered one of the brightest cadets; he graduated at the head of his class.

Spanish accounts of the blowing up of the _Merrimac_ are exceedingly amusing. The official announcement is made that an American vessel, trying to enter the harbor of Santiago, "was sunk by the batteries"; the affair is described as a brilliant Spanish victory; it is also added that Admiral Cervera personally saved an American officer from drowning, as his ship was in close proximity to the cruiser during the engagement. The official report goes on to say that the mines guarding the harbor were exploded simultaneously with the opening of the fire from the ships, forts, and batteries; congratulations were sent to Admiral Cervera.

[Footnote: Authority for pronunciation of proper names: Century Dictionary.]

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Each day is taken advantage of by the Spaniards at Havana to add to their defences. Earthworks are being rapidly thrown up in the neighborhood of the city; a signal service has been established to enable them to guard the coast at all the points, and they feel confident that a successful invasion cannot take place in that part of the island, as it is so well guarded with modern rapid-fire guns in the batteries, and quite a large force is concentrated there for the defence of the city.

Little, if any, news comes from the blockading squadron off the north coast of Cuba; there are, from time to time, reports of engagements and the landing of troops; but official news has not yet been given out, and for this we must wait until the Government deems it advisable to publish it. Several regiments have been embarked at Mobile, and by this time are supposed to be off the coast of Cuba; they started in high spirits, and there was a great deal of enthusiasm on the part of the people who saw them start. They have probably gone by way of Tampa, and been joined there by the other transports.

A great quantity of ammunition and supplies will be sent with the troops, so that they may not suffer from lack of material to make the invasion successful.

One of our New York papers publishes a letter, written by a young girl in Havana to a friend in New York; it gives an excellent idea as to the true state of affairs in Cuba. Among other things, she says:

"Our fisherman brought in some papers from New York, and what a lot of lies they contain! My father and all the other officials say that we have food here for five months--flour, codfish, beans, and groceries--all brought down from New York, and salted meat from Montevideo. . . .

"Pa says that if you Americans had attacked Havana when you declared war it would have surrendered in five hours, but that it is now fortified so that it is strong as Gibraltar. You know, they built a great big railroad upon sticks, in front of the forts, and took cars of sand and dumped them down, so that they have a mound in front of all the forts about thirty feet wide and ten feet high. I went over the fortifications yesterday, and I saw fifteen of those immense 12-inch guns. They say they can shoot twelve miles. We have got 50,000 troops here in Havana, and 60,000 in the provinces, and some 40,000 volunteers. These are all veterans, and all the generals say that it would take an army of 200,000 to beat us. The coast is all supplied with telephone and telegraph wires, so that any time your boats attempt to land we can have a big force there in a couple of hours to drive them off. Part of Cervera's fleet is in Santiago. There is so much mystery about this! Whether the admiral is there or not, no one seems to know. The rest of the fleet, some fifteen vessels, is somewhere down in the Antilles, and Captain-General Blanco says they are going to attack your coast in about three weeks.

"The _Alfonso XII._ has been turned into a hospital ship, and all her guns have been taken out of her. You know she is the boat that was anchored opposite the _Maine_ and had in her the pneumatic torpedoes. They say a man named Arjona had something to do with the blowing up of the _Maine_, but I guess it was Weyler's orders. . . .

"The whole city is divided up into sections on what they call the 'Humanity Committee's plan.' They find out who are in sympathy with the Cubans or with the United States; and in case Havana is bombarded all these people are going to be thrown into Cabanas or shot. The people are such fools they think nothing is known about what they are doing."

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