Part 1

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_FIVE CENTS._

THE GREAT ROUND WORLD

AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. APRIL 1, 1897 Vol. 1. NO. 21 $2.50 PER YEAR [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]

A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS

WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER

NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY

=Copyrighted 1897. By WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.=

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=History and Manuals of= =Vertical Writing=

By JOHN JACKSON

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Theory and Practice of Vertical Writing, $1.25 Teaching of Vertical Writing, .50

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John Jackson, the originator of this system of vertical writing, is the only teacher who has had the years of practice in teaching it that make these the standard manuals for teachers and students. The adoption of vertical writing abroad and in this country is largely due to his persistent work and the marvellous results of his teaching. His series of copy-books were the first to be used in this country, and are considered by experienced teachers, who are not to be misled by mere beauty of engravers work, to contain the only practical well-graded course of instruction leading from primary work to the rapid and now justly celebrated =telegraph hand=--for these books are the only ones containing copies in this rapid writing. The telegraph hand is the style used by the best telegraph operators in the country--and these writers are universally acknowledged to be the most rapid writers, and writers of a hand which of necessity must be most legible.

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Sample sets to teachers (post-paid), 75 cents

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500 Wentworth's Primary Arithmetics, 10c. each 250 " Grammar School " 25c. " 300 Brooks' Elementary " 10c. " 150 " New Written " 25c. " 500 Colburn's New Mental " 10c. " 100 Wheeler's Second Lessons, 25c. " 200 Harvey's Practical Grammars, _not revised, new_, 10c. " 200 " Elementary " " " " 10c. " 200 Kerl's Language Lessons, _new_, 10c. " 125 Dozen Haile's Drawing Books, _new_, 50c. doz. 100 " Barnes' " " " 40c. " 200 " White's, Krone's, etc., _new_ 25c. to 60c, " 50 Williams' Composition, _not revised, new_, 40c. each 50 Kellogg's Rhetorics, 276 pages, _new_, 50c. " 200 Continental Fourth Readers, 25c. " 200 " Fifth " 25c. " 100 Lippincott's " " 25c. " 100 Davis' Fourth Readers 25c. "

All of the above books are used copies, good condition, except where marked new.

French and German Books, Arithmetics, Geographies, and Text-Books of all kinds at low prices.

WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City

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Bills of $10.00 or over, 10 per cent. $20.00 or over, _25 per cent_.

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I offer a great many bargains, in Standard School Books, similar to the following:

=Brooks' Elementary Arithmetic=, (published price, 41 cents) =10 cts.=

=Brooks' New Written Arithmetic=, (published price, 80 cents) =25 cts.=

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William Beverley Harison, 3 and 5 West 18th St., N.Y. City.

VOL. 1 APRIL 1, 1897. NO. 21

Greece is certainly the most daring little kingdom!

Far from being alarmed by the message sent her from the Powers, she has replied that it is impossible for her to withdraw her troops from Crete. She states that her object in sending them there was to restore peace, and as serious troubles still exist in the island, she cannot comply with the request of the Powers.

In the reply, she further states that she cannot consent to Home Rule for Crete under the direction of Turkey, but is willing to leave it to the Cretans themselves to decide under the rule of what monarch they wish to be.

The Powers are surprised and angry that Greece should dare to disagree with them; but the reply has been written in such a careful manner that it is not an open defiance of their wishes. They cannot therefore send the second note of which we spoke in our last number, but have had to call for a fresh discussion of the matter.

The general idea is that the reply of Greece is very clever, and that it may be the means of preventing a war, because it is so reasonable in its tone that Europe cannot find in it an excuse for getting angry enough to declare war.

The reply of Greece opens a way for further discussion, which may lead to a settlement.

There is a good deal of sly diplomacy under this soft answer.

The great combination which is called the Powers, consists of six nations: Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Austria, and Great Britain. It is necessary for these six nations to agree before any action can be taken by them. As a matter of fact, they are very far from agreeing. Greece, it seems, is well aware of this, and relies on it to help her get her own way in the end.

To begin with, France has sent word that she cannot possibly take part in any severe measures against Greece, while public opinion remains as it is in France. She would be glad to act with the Powers, but dares not do so in the face of the opposition of the French Parliament.

England would gladly take the same stand. She is, however, unable to do so, because the rest of the Powers are now suspecting her of having stirred up the Cretan trouble, and so she has to appear severe to show that she is in earnest in trying to prevent war between Greece and Turkey. It is known that she is unwilling to support Turkey against Greece, and that the Queen is taking an active part in the Greek question, and restraining her ministers from taking severe measures with Greece.

On the other hand, it is reported that the German Emperor only joined the rest of the nations on the understanding that his advice should be followed. He suggested that the Powers should first blockade the Piræus, which is the great port of Greece, at the head of which lies the city of Athens. Having arranged the blockade, the Powers were then to send a final message to Greece, ordering her to withdraw from Crete, and if she refused, were to proceed to bombard Athens.

This gentle advice not being followed, the German Emperor became highly insulted, threatened to withdraw from the alliance, declared himself no longer in sympathy with it, and had to be coaxed and flattered till he grew amiable again.

Russia is openly in favor of Turkey, and is indignant with Greece for her warlike attitude, and that she should refuse Home Rule for Crete unless it is under the guidance of a Greek prince.

It is quite certain that Greece knew all about these disagreements when she sent her reply, and was fully aware that her refusal would throw the Powers into the greatest confusion.

Little country though she is, Greece has the best of the argument.

If Europe decides to drive Greece out of Crete, she will have a great deal of trouble in doing so. Not only has Greece a large force of troops in Crete who are well provisioned, and able to remain some time without further supplies, but the whole Christian population of the island is on the side of Greece and will fight with her.

If the Powers attack her, and try to drive her out of Crete, she will at once attack Turkey on the mainland, and with the help of Servia, Bulgaria, and what are known as the Balkan States (from the Balkan Mountains which run through them) will try her best to destroy the disreputable Turkish monarchy in Europe.

The preparations for war are going steadily on. Greece has summoned all her army reserves, and ordered them to rejoin their regiments. All the men are answering willingly to the call.

The army reserve is that part of the military force of a country which is not made a portion of the regular standing army. For instance, our States Militia, or National Guard, is an army reserve. The men belonging to it can follow other professions, and need not be soldiers all the time; but they learn how to be soldiers, and can be called on by the government whenever soldiers are needed.

Our standing army is very small. We have only about thirty thousand men in it; but our National Guard, the reserves that would be called out in case of war, number over ten millions.

In Greece there is a penalty of $200 for any man belonging to the reserve who does not answer the call of the country, and, moreover, neither distance nor citizenship in another country excuses him. If he does not answer the call, he will be arrested and imprisoned whenever he sets foot again in Greece.

The United States Consul-General from Greece has been notified to call for all the Greeks in this country. They have answered willingly, and are arranging their affairs so that they may be ready to leave the moment war is declared. They are endeavoring to charter a ship to take them back. Over a thousand of the Greeks in this country answered the call the first day it was made.

It seems almost sure that war between Turkey and Greece must come, and to this end Greece is hurrying troops, arms, and provisions to the Turkish frontier, every available steamship being chartered to aid in the work.

A number of the warships of Great Britain and the other Powers have appeared near the Piræus, and it seems likely that some sort of a blockade may be maintained.

In Crete itself, fighting is still going on. The allied Powers are making a very determined effort to subdue the Greeks.

The Italians have forcibly put the Greek consul out of Canea. They took him into custody, and put him on board a Greek war-vessel, with a warning against trying to re-enter Canea.

The correspondents of the Greek papers have also been ordered to leave the city, and they, too, will be forced to leave, if they do not go quietly.

The British went to the town of Selino, which was being besieged by the Cretans, forced the insurgents to desist, and rescued the Moslems who were besieged, bringing them away from Selino under a strong escort of British soldiers.

The Cretans were so enraged at the rescue, that in spite of the fact that they had promised the British commander that they would allow the Moslems in Selino to go free, they gathered at the gates and waited for the Moslems to come out, dashed through the soldiers who were guarding them, and tried to wound and rob them.

A Russian warship made a cruise round the island a few days ago, and brought back word to the allies at Canea that fighting was going on near all the coast towns, and that the whole island seemed ablaze with war.

Colonel Vassos has received orders from the King of Greece that he is to hold all the positions in the island now occupied by Greek troops, and to resist all attempts on the part of Turkey or the Powers to dislodge him.

A report from Crete states that there has been trouble between Germany and Greece.

A German vessel, the _Kaiserin Augusta_, ordered a Greek vessel, the _Hydra_, to come to a standstill, and fired a blank shot at her to make her obey. The _Hydra_ immediately replied by firing a whole broadside at the German vessel, and went on her way.

This report has not been fully verified, so after all it may not be true.

* * * * *

Turkey, in the mean while, is following her usual method of saying nothing at all, simply waiting to see what happens.

The various Sultans who have been ruling Turkey ever since the affairs of that country first began to scandalize Europe, have always maintained this same attitude, in the hope that the Powers which insisted on interfering in the affairs of Turkey might at last get into a serious quarrel among themselves, and so be obliged to leave Turkey alone.

The Turkish troubles have been going on for years and years. The Armenian massacres, and the misrule in Crete, are only the last two of a long series of crimes which have made Turkey the horror and the despair of Europe.

If the various Powers could only have agreed how to divide up the Turkish Empire between them, the Sultan would have been expelled from Europe long ago. But they never have agreed, and so the Sultan of Turkey has kept his throne.

The Powers sent a note to Turkey at the same time that the one was despatched to Greece, telling him that they wished Crete to have Home Rule under the control of a Turkish prince.

The Sultan's reply was most amiable; he agreed to the wishes of the Powers so willingly, that it is said that he is glad to have an opportunity of ridding himself of Crete, which has long been an annoyance and expense to his Empire.

At the same time he, too, is massing troops on the frontier, ready to fly at the Greeks the moment war is declared.

* * * * *

Affairs in Cuba are beginning to look a little brighter for the Cubans, but very dark and dismal for Spain.

The last news from Madrid says that a Carlist rising is feared, and that Spain dares not send any more of her soldiers out of the country to help in the Cuban war. Her money is also exhausted. The enormous sums that were raised last year have been spent, and she has no means of raising any fresh loans. If she can send neither money nor men to further the Cuban war, it is likely that the Cubans will soon be victorious, for General Weyler says that he has not enough men to pacify the island; the funds are so low, that the Spanish soldiers can neither be paid nor fed properly and are deserting to the Cuban ranks from sheer want.

The Carlist rising, that is so much feared, concerns the pretensions of a certain Don Carlos to the throne of Spain.

From the time of Philip V., in 1713, the succession to the Spanish throne had been according to the Salic law, from father to son; or to the nearest male relative.

The Salic law is a very old law, which provides that no woman can inherit lands, or occupy the throne. According to this law, if a king dies leaving several daughters, but no son, the throne passes away from the daughters, and goes to the nearest male relative, be he nephew, uncle, or cousin.

In 1829 Ferdinand III. of Spain, having no sons, rendered the Salic law of no effect in Spain by a decree granting the right of succession to the daughters and granddaughters of the king.

When Ferdinand died in 1833, his daughter Isabella Maria II. was declared queen, and the brother of Ferdinand, who under the old law should have been king, was passed over. This brother was named Don Carlos.

Don Carlos refused to recognize his brother's decree, and declared himself King of Spain. Many of the nobles, who did not like the idea of being ruled by a woman, flocked to his standard, and war was declared against the party of the Queen by the people of Don Carlos' party, or Carlists, as they were called.

For six years a cruel civil war raged, then Don Carlos was forced to give in. This first war was from 1833 to 1839.

In 1860 Don Carlos II., the son of Don Carlos I. (Ferdinand's brother), declared himself King of Spain, and headed a new Carlist rising, which was again unsuccessful.

There have been several unsuccessful uprisings since then.

From 1873 to 1876 Don Carlos III. headed a rising which bid fair to be successful.

Don Carlos III. is the direct descendant of Don Carlos I., and is the present pretender to the Spanish throne, to which, according to the Salic law, he is the rightful heir.

In January, 1876, he was forced to give up the fight, and nothing more has been heard of him till the present time.

There have been murmurs of new Carlist risings, but no actual trouble has been feared.

Now, with the whole country enraged and dissatisfied at the mismanagement of the wars both in Cuba and the Philippines, Don Carlos is once more gathering his followers together.

He has agents working for his cause in Cuba, as well as in Spain.

In the Spanish army, there are at the present time a number of officers who fought for Don Carlos in the last war.

These men were pardoned by the King of Spain when the Carlist revolt was subdued, and were allowed to enter the Spanish army. They have always been looked upon with suspicion, and have not risen to power, or grown rich, like the other officers.

They are of course not very well satisfied with the present state of things, and are very willing to listen to Don Carlos' agents, who promise them promotion and fortune if they will once more return his standard.

The rising is planned for an early date.

While this is enough to harass the government, it is not all. There is another party in Spain, which it is feared will rise up and fight both the Carlists and the government. This party is called the Republican party, and it is thought to be the strongest of the three.

Both Carlists and Republicans are using the mismanagement of the Cuban war as a means of turning the people against the government, and indeed the Spanish people are so disgusted with the waste of money and life, that they are ready to revolt against their rulers. A change in the government is almost sure to come, and the Carlists and Republicans are both trying to become the new power that is to get in when the old is overthrown.

For these very good reasons the government has told General Weyler that neither men nor money can be sent to him.

It seems that what money he has in hand will be used up by May 1st, and then no one knows what will be done.

There is a general idea that while Spain will never withdraw her troops from Cuba, and allow that she is beaten, she will quietly drop the war, sending no more men or money to help carry it on, and leaving the Spaniards who are in Cuba to shift for themselves.

The poverty of the Spanish soldiers is something pitiable. They are sick, hungry, and only half clothed. The medicines have given out and there is no money to buy any more, and so the poor fellows have to suffer without proper medical care.

Then, too, the smallpox has broken out, the government has no means of checking it, and it is steadily gaining ground, until the people are dying like sheep.

What pay is left for the poor soldier lads, after the officers have got through stealing it, is paid to them in the paper money Weyler tried to force on Cuba. (You can read about it in No. 2 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.) This money is utterly worthless; none of the Cuban merchants will take it, and yet it is given to the poor soldiers, and they are told to go and buy what they want, Weyler well knowing that they cannot purchase even postage-stamps with it.

The disheartened, starving soldiers are falling back before the Cubans, and victory after victory is reported for the insurgent side.

Havana has been attacked! The insurgents actually passed through the suburbs, and reached Havana itself. They ransacked stores, put the whole population in a panic, but after a fierce fight of two hours were at last obliged to retire.

Weyler did his best to keep this news from the people, but, before his plans were fully made, the Cubans made a fresh attack on another suburb of the city, endeavoring to seize a large quantity of provisions and arms that were stored there.

This time they again loaded themselves with plunder, but failed to get the rich prize they had gone for.

A part of the same force which attacked Havana descended on the town of Guines, also in Havana Province, and about thirty-five miles from the capital. After a few hours' struggle they succeeded in forcing the Spanish soldiers to take shelter in a church, and then they ransacked the town, and took $10,000 in gold from the government safe.

Bejugad, another important town in the same province, was also attacked by the Cubans, and with equal success.

It looks as if one great effort would win for Cuba the freedom for which she has worked so faithfully.

* * * * *

The widow of the Dr. Ruiz who was reported to have been murdered in the Cuban prison has arrived in this country.

She has gone to Washington, and has laid her sad story before the government, and asked for help.

It seems that Mrs. Ruiz has some evidence which proves that the Spaniards were ill-using Dr. Ruiz. The evidence came to her in a most curious way.

As we have mentioned before, the Spaniards do not put either beds or benches in their prisons. Their captives must either stand, or lie down on the filthy floors, among dirt and vermin.

Mrs. Ruiz went to the authorities when her husband was arrested, and asked permission to send him a bed and some chairs.

She was refused. But she still persisted. After many prayers and entreaties, she was finally allowed to send him a chair.

When it was returned to her after his death, she found scratched in the varnish under the seat a message from her lost husband.

In this message were the words, "They are killing me!"