Chapter 2

They found that along the banks of these streams and lakes, in villages and out in the country, a great many dwelling-houses and shanties had been built, the occupants of which were in the habit of throwing all sorts of rubbish into the water, making it unfit for drinking.

In consequence of this, all of the houses were ordered to be torn down or moved away, and one small village of shanties was destroyed. Among others, the inhabitants of Katonah were ordered to move, that the banks of the stream might be cleared of dwellings.

Katonah has a railroad depot, and a post-office, and thinks a good deal of itself.

When the Water-Shed Commission said that it must move or be destroyed, Katonah gathered its residents together, and decided that rather than be wiped off the face of the map, it would pick up its houses and move itself.

So a new Katonah was established, about a quarter of a mile away from the old one, and just outside the Water-Shed on which it was forbidden to build, for fear of spoiling the water for New York.

For several months past there has been a procession of houses moving from old Katonah to new.

_The Sun_ gave an amusing account of seeing a barber's shop leading the parade; this was closely followed by a large yellow cottage, with a cat, who had refused to leave her home, still seated on the front door-step.

The way that houses are moved is very simple.

You of course understand that only frame or wooden houses can be moved any distance. Houses of stone or brick would be likely to fall to pieces, and being so heavy, the difficulty of moving them is greatly increased. They are therefore seldom moved, and only for very short distances.

Frame houses are always put on stone or brick foundations. If the wood were put right down on the earth, the damp would soon rot it, and the house would fall, so strong stone or brick foundations are first laid, and then the wooden house is built upon them.

When a house is to be moved, a carpenter puts beams across in all the weak spots, the ceilings are shored up, and all is made snug inside. Then the house is raised off the foundations on beams, and made all firm underneath, and then is made to slide off its foundations on some huge rollers that are laid in the high road.

Ropes are then fastened to some of the heavy beams under the house, and horses are brought. The ropes are tied to the horses, and as they pull, the house slips from one roller to another.

Houses can be moved very safely, but not very quickly, and it is of course much less expensive to move an old house than to build a new one.

One of the strangest things about the moving at Katonah, is that the villagers are trying to take their shade trees with them, as well as their houses.

One of the residents had some very fine trees in his garden, and he hated to leave them behind him, so he decided to try and see if they could not be moved.

The neighbors made the greatest fun of him, but he did not care, and set to work as soon as the ground was frozen hard enough, to allow of the tree being moved without disturbing the earth around the roots.

The procession of houses is now varied by a great tree, forty feet high, which is moving down the road in the same quiet, stately way as the cat, and the barber's shop, and the yellow cottage.

GENIE H. ROSENFELD.

INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.

A great sea monster has been washed ashore on the coast of Florida, and men who study natural history are much interested in it. What is left of the creature is said to weigh eight tons, and no one can tell exactly what kind of a fish it is, because it appears to have been tossed by the waves for a long time, and has been partly destroyed by them.

Those people who have seen it think that it is a kind of cuttlefish, but that the arms, or tentacles, as they are called, have been broken away from it. These arms must have been from one to two hundred feet long. It is now only a huge body without much shape to it. Photographs and careful descriptions of it have been sent to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington and to Yale College, and the scientific men there expect to be able to decide what it is by comparing it with other known kinds of mollusks. Scientists study these things so carefully, that they can tell what the exact size of an animal was, and what it looked like, if but a small portion is left; we may therefore expect to hear all about this great creature ere long.

The size of this wonderful creature can be better realized, when we learn that it took four strong horses, a dozen men, and three sets of tackle to move it.

At first it seemed impossible to believe that such a terrific monster really existed. Sailors have told so many yarns for the sake of making a good story, that people are a little afraid to believe the wonderful tales of the sea, but THE GREAT ROUND WORLD took pains to find out that this eight-ton cuttlefish story was true, so we need have no doubts about it.

The cuttlefish, which supplies the bone we buy for our canaries, is a very terrible fish indeed.

The bone, as we call it, is not really bone, but a sort of half-formed shell which the cuttlefish wears under its skin.

It has a large round body, surrounded by eight arms, which are many times the length of the body, and which it can twist or turn in any direction. The mouth is in the centre of these arms. Professor Winchell describes this ugly creature for us. He says:

"Staring out from either side of the head (the head and body are really one) is a pair of large, glassy eyes, which send a shudder over the beholder. At the bottom of the sea the creature turns its eight arms down, and walks like a huge submarine spider, thrusting its arms into the crevices of the rocks, and extracting thence the luckless crab that had thought itself secure from so bulky a foe. Each of the arms is covered with what are called suckers. Each sucker consists of a little round horny ridge, forming a little cup, which is attached to the arm by a stem. When the arm is pressed upon an object, the effort to escape from the grasp of the arm causes a suction which effectually retains the object."

Professor Winchell goes on to tell that these cuttlefish or octopods sometimes attain a very great size, and that sailors tell wonderful stories about them. In one of these stories, the captain of a ship declared that, while sailing off the African coast, he sent three of his men over the side of the ship to scrape it. While they were at their work one of these monsters reached its long arms up from the water and drew two of them into the sea.

Professor Winchell says that while this may be only a sailor's yarn, it is at the same time well known that these creatures do attain a fearful size.

The recent discovery of the cuttlefish in Florida may lead to some extremely interesting discoveries.

HORSELESS FIRE-ENGINE.

A monster steam fire-engine is being built for the city of Boston, and it is to be a horseless engine.

For some time past the Fire Department has been seeking for some engine powerful enough to throw water to the top of the very high buildings--the skyscrapers, as they are called.

An ordinary engine is of very little use for these tall buildings. And an engine large and powerful enough to throw the water to the necessary height would be so heavy that no horses could draw it.

The difficulty has been met by the invention of this horseless engine, which will throw a two-inch stream of water over 300 feet into the air.

The engine is propelled much in the same way as a steam engine. The driver sits on a seat in front of the engine, and steers it by means of a wheel, and the engine is moved by steam.

When it arrives at the fire, the driving arrangement is disconnected, and all the energy of the steam is turned into the apparatus for forcing up the water.

The engine is sixteen feet long, seven feet wide, and ten feet high. How terrified the horses in the roads will be when this huge monster comes rushing toward them, spouting fire, and appearing to move of its own free will.

LIEUTENANT WISE AND HIS KITE.

We gave an account, in an earlier number, of Lieutenant Wise and his efforts to make kites strong enough to lift soldiers into the air, that they may overlook an enemy's fortifications.

He has almost succeeded. The other day he made a fresh attempt, and had himself raised forty-two feet in the air.

He sent up four kites, with a pulley and rope attached. To this rope a boatswain's chair was fastened, and when the wind was blowing steadily enough for him to make the attempt, he seated himself in the chair, and had the soldiers who were helping him draw him up toward the kites.

They succeeded in pulling him up forty-two feet, and when he was lowered again he said that he did not feel uncomfortable while in his lofty perch, and that the swinging motion was very slight.

The experiment was made on Governor's Island, New York Harbor.

G.H.R.

VICTOR L. LAWSON HORACE WHITE HOKE SMITH President First Vice-President Second Vice-President

DIRECTORS John Norris M.H. de Young Frederick Driscoll F.B. Noyes T.G. Rapier C.W. Knapp Clayton McMichael A.J. Barr L. Markbreit Stephen O'Meara Victor F. Lawson

MELVILLE E. STONE General Manager

CHARLES S. DIEHL Assistant General Manager

GEORGE SCHNEIDER Treasurer

_The Associated Press_

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WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, ESQ. Publisher _Great Round World_.

DEAR MR. HARISON:

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SIMPLE LESSONS IN THE

STUDY OF NATURE

By I.G. OAKLEY

This is a handy little book, which many a teacher who is looking for means to offer children genuine nature study may be thankful to get hold of.

Nature lessons, to be entitled to that name, must deal with what can be handled and scrutinized at leisure by the child, pulled apart, and even wasted. This can be done with the objects discussed in this book; they are under the feet of childhood--grass, feathers, a fallen leaf, a budding twig, or twisted shell; these things cannot be far out of the way, even within the stony limits of a city.

Nor are the lessons haphazard dashes at the nearest living thing; on the contrary, they are virtually fundamental, whether with respect to their relation to some of the classified sciences, or with reference to the development of thought and power of expression in the child himself.

The illustrations are few, and scarcely more than figures; it is not meant to be a pretty picture-book, yet is most clearly and beautifully printed and arranged, for its material is to be that out of which pictures are made. It will be found full of suggestions of practical value to teachers who are carrying the miscellaneous work of ungraded schools, and who have the unspeakable privilege of dealing with their pupils untrammelled by cast-iron methods and account-keeping examination records.

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=Evolution of Empire Series=

UNITED STATES

BY

MARY PLATT PARMELE

AUTHOR OF

="Who? When? What?" "France," "Germany," "England," Etc.=

Price, Post-paid 75 Cents

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_From New York Sun Editorial Dec._ 30, 1896.

In too many of the little school histories there is but a tedious, bare narrative of apparently unconnected facts, and there is a profitless rigmarole of dates and names: but when the sequence of cause and effect is not obscured, and form and life are given to the actors, and the development of events and institutions is traced, the story of the United States becomes, as it should become, the most, fascinating as it is the most important of histories to Americans; and whatever in historical inquiry and writing promotes accuracy, adds detail, and clears up obscurity, increases the worth and the, charm of the work.

W.B. Harison has published in his "Evolution of Empire" series, a brief historical sketch of the United States, by Mary Platt Parmele, whose other volumes in the series have received cordial praise. In this book one finds the story of our country told in about 300 pages, and very interestingly is it written. The book leaves out the innumerable incidents and figures which are of great importance to students, but which are not necessary in a book for general reading, and presents the narrative in a graphic manner, in which the interest of the reader never flags. The book is bound in blue buckram and costs but 75 cents. The other volumes in the series deal with the histories of France, England, and Germany, in the same brilliant vein.--_Hartford Post._

Its value does not lie in the multitude of facts which it contains, but rather in the lucid, natural way in which a few really important facts are presented and grouped, and in the stimulus which it imparts to a rational study of our country's history.--_The Review of Reviews._

In "The Evolution of an Empire," Mary Platt Parmele has endeavored to give in outline the story of the discovery, settlement, and development of the United States of America, touching only upon vital points and excluding all detail. The task has been a most difficult one on account of the constant temptation to deal with matters of minor importance. The author has, however, succeeded in making a very acceptable book.--_Boston Transcript._

The latest issue in the "Evolution of an Empire" series is Mary Platt Parmele's "History of the United States." It is a short and simple outline, which presents in a book of about 300 pages the main facts of our national history, and a very fair and judicial presentment it is, too. While the general reader will find it of interest, it has been prepared more particularly for the young, who are easily wearied by the prolix details which encumber so many of the histories prepared for them. Mrs. Parmele very truly remarks that the child, bewildered in a labyrinth of unfamiliar names and events, fails to grasp the main lines and soon dislikes history, simply because he has been studying, not with a thinking mind, but with one overtaxed faculty, memory, intended to be the humble handmaid of the higher faculties. In the work under consideration, she begins with the first voyage of Columbus and brings us down to the principal events of 1893; she is sparing of details, and has merely skeletonized her theme, adding sufficient of incident, to avoid dryness. It seems a meritorious and well-prepared work, and a chronological table adds to its value.--_The Detroit Free Press._

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