PART II
ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE LAKES
I--ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY 159
II--THE LAKES CHANGE MASTERS 175
III--THE WAR OF 1812 AND AFTER 194
INDEX 223
Illustrations
_Page_
_The Fountain of the Great Lakes_ _Frontispiece_ _Lorado Taft, Sculptor._
_The First Step in the Making of a Ship--Laying the “Keel Blocks”_ 4
_Second Step--Laying the Keel, or Bottom of the Ship, on the “Keel Blocks”_ 6
_The Growing Ship_ 8
_Vessel Almost Ready for Launching_ 10
_A Monster of Steel and Iron Ready to be Launched_ 12 _Weight 9,500,000 lbs._
_The Launching_ 14
_The “Thomas F. Cole,” 11,200 Tons, Being Fitted with Engines and Boilers after her Launching_ 16 _The “Cole” is the largest ship on the Lakes. Length, 605 feet 5 inches._
_Her First Trip--Off for the Ore Regions of the North_ 18
_This Shows Some of the 800,000 Rivets that Go to the Making of a 10,000-Ton Leviathan of the Inland Seas_ 22
_Ice-Bound. Thirty-two Boats Tied up in the Ice at the Soo_ 26 _From a Photograph by Lord & Thomas, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich._
_A Network of Tracks Running through the Ore Lands_ 28
_Captains of the Vessels of the American Steamship Company_ 30
_The “Montezuma”_ 32 _The largest wooden ship on fresh water being towed out of the Maumee River, Toledo._
_A Coal Dock at Superior, Wisconsin_ 34 _The pile of coal is 1400 feet long and 30 feet high._
_The Record Load Hauled by One Team out of the Michigan Woods, 20,000 Feet_ 36
_One Steam Shovel Keeps Three Locomotives and Trains Busy_ 38
_Steamers at a Modern Ore Unloading Plant at Conneaut_ 40
_The Main Slip in the Harbour of Conneaut_ 42 _Conneaut is the second largest ore-receiving port on the Lakes._
_One of the Huge Open Pits of the Mesaba Range_ 44
_A Raft of Five Million Pulp Logs on the North Shore of Lake Michigan_ 48
_Scooping up Ore from the Mahoning Mine at Hibbing_ 52 _The largest open pit mine in the world._
_A Mining Town on the Mesaba Range, where a Few Years ago the Deer and Bear Roamed Undisturbed_ 54
_Harbour View at Conneaut, Ohio, Showing Docks and Machinery_ 56
_A Steam Shovel at Work_ 58 _This removes from 4000 to 8000 tons of ore a day._
_The Old and the New_ 62 _A modern freight carrier passing one of the old schooners._
_A Shaft on One of the Ranges_ 66
_The “North West”_ 68 _One of the finest passenger steamers on the Great Lakes._
_The Stop at Tashinoo Park, St. Clair Flats_ 70
_The Landing at Mackinac Dock, Michigan_ 72
_Hickory Island at the Mouth of Detroit River_ 74 _From a Photograph by Manning Studio, Detroit._
_The “City of Erie”_ 76 _The fastest steamer on the Lakes, holding a record of 22.93 miles per hour._
_Little Venice, St. Clair River_ 80 _Showing the type of “Inns,” where people may pass their holidays at small expense._ _Courtesy of Northern Steamship Co._
_A Scene on Belle Isle, Detroit River_ 82
_Steamer “Western States”_ 84 _One of the largest and fastest boats on the Lakes. Carries 2500 people and her fastest speed is 20 miles an hour._ _From a Photograph by Detroit Photographic Co._
_Steamship “North West” in American Lock_ 86
_Cottages Built at Small Expense along the St. Mary’s River_ 88
_A Steamer Stripped by a Tow-line by Running between a Steamer and her Consort_ 90 _From a Photograph by Lord & Rhoades, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich._
_A Remarkable Photograph Showing the Big Freighter “Stimson” in a Holocaust of Smoke and Flame_ 94
_After a Fierce Night’s “Late Navigation” Run across Lake Superior_ 96
_A Ship that Made the Shore before she Sank. The Work of Raising her in Progress_ 100
_A Treacherous Sea in its Garb of Greatest Beauty_ 102 _One phase of Lake navigation._
_A View of the “Zimmerman”_ 104 _After a collision with another freighter._
_The Steamer “Wahcondah_” 108 _One of the Lake grain carriers which was caught in a storm late in the season after being buffeted by the waves of Lake Superior for about fourteen hours._
_This is One of the Most Remarkable Photographs Ever Taken on the Lakes. It Shows a Sinking Lumber Barge just as She Was Breaking in Two_ 110 _The photograph was taken from a small boat._
_The Residence of Ansley Wilcox at Buffalo_ 114 _Where President Roosevelt took the oath of office._ _Copyright 1908 by Detroit Photographic Co._
_A Bird’s-eye View of the Harbour of Duluth, Taken from the Hill_ 116 _From a Photograph by Maher, Duluth._
_The Ship Canal and Aërial Bridge, Duluth, Minn._ 118 _Copyright 1908 by Detroit Photographic Co._
_Fleet of Boats in Duluth Harbour Waiting to Unload_ 122
_View Looking South-west from the New Chamber of Commerce Building, Buffalo_ 124
_Unloading at One of the Coal Docks at Duluth_ 126
_A Fleet of Erie Canal Boats--Capacity of Each 150 Tons_ 128 _The boats on the new canal will be 1000 tons each._
_The Jack-Knife Bridge at Buffalo_ 132
_A Scene on Blackwell Canal_ 134 _The winter home of big boats in Buffalo._
_Some of the Grain Elevators at Duluth, which Have a Combined Storage Capacity of 35,550,000 Bushels_ 136
_The Mesaba Ore Docks_ 138
_From the Deck of the Ship the Tug Looks Like an Ant Dragging at a Huge Prey_ 142
_Observation Room on the “Wm. G. Mather”_ 144 _Which gives an idea of the luxuriousness of the guests’ quarters on a Great Lakes freighter._
_The Luxurious Dining-room on the 10,000-Ton Steamer “J. H. Sheadle”_ 146
_Tugs Trying to Release Boats Held in the Ice at the Soo_ 150 _Copyright 1906 by Young, Lord & Rhoades, Ltd._
_Whaleback Barges Preparing for Winter Quarters at Conneaut, Ohio_ 152 (_The Whaleback is a type of vessel that has been tried and found wanting. They are going out of use._)
_Ashore_ 154
_Arch Rock, Mackinac Island_ 160 _One of the natural wonders of the world._
_Fort Mackinac_ 168
_Marquette’s Grave, St. Ignace, Michigan_ 174
_Monument at Put-in-Bay in Memory of the British and Americans who Died in the Battle of Lake Erie_ 182
_Old West Blockhouse, Fort Mackinac_ 186 _Built by the British, about 1780._
_The Monument Erected to those who Fought and Died on Mackinac Island_ 190
_Mackinac Island, Showing Old Fort Mackinac_ 194
_Once the Scene of Bloodshed and Strife, these Old Trees Stand where French, Indian, and British Fought Years ago_ 200
_A View of the Historic Battle-ground on Mackinac Island_ 206
_An Old British Gunboat Discovered in the River Thames_ 212
_Scene when Admiral Dewey Passed through the Soo Locks_ 216
_Map_ _At End_