ii. 56, 57

St. John’s College, Oxford, the Christmas candle at, i. 255

—— Day, Midsummer fires on, i. 167 _sqq._, 171 _sqq._, 178, 179; fire kindled by friction of wood on, 281; fern-seed blooms on, ii. 287. _See also_ Midsummer.

—— Eve (Midsummer Eve) in Malta, i. 210 _sq._; wonderful herbs gathered on, ii. 45 _sqq._; sick children passed through cleft trees on, 171

St. John’s fires among the South Slavs, i. 178; among the Esthonians, 180. _See also_ Midsummer fires

—— flower at Midsummer, ii. 50; gathered on St. John’s Eve (Midsummer Eve), 57 _sq._

—— girdle, mugwort, ii. 59

—— herbs gathered at Midsummer, ii. 46 _sq._, 49; a protection against evil spirits, 49

—— Night (Midsummer Eve), precautions against witches on, ii. 20 _n._

—— oil on oaks at Midsummer, ii. 293

—— root (_Johanniswurzel_), the male fern, ii. 66

—— wort (_Hypericum perforatum_), garlands of, at Midsummer, i. 169 _n._ 3, 196; gathered on St. John’s Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), ii. 49, 54 _sqq._; a protection against thunder, witches, and evil spirits, 54, 55, 74; thrown into the Midsummer bonfires, 55

St. Juan Capistrano, in California, ordeal of nettles and ants among the Indians of, i. 64

St. Julien, church of, at Ath, ii. 36

St. Just, in Cornwall, Midsummer fire-custom at, i. 200

St. Lawrence family, their lives bound up with an old tree at Howth castle, ii. 166

St. Martin invoked to disperse a mist, i. 280

St. Mary at Lübeck, church of, i. 100

St. Michael’s cake, i. 149, 154 _n._ 3

St. Nonnosius, relics of, in the cathedral of Freising, Bavaria, ii. 188 _sq._

St. Patrick and the Beltane fires, i. 157 _sq._

St. Patrick’s Chair, i. 205

—— Mount, i. 205

St. Peter, the Eve of, Midsummer fires in Ireland on, i. 202

—— and St. Paul, celebration of their day in London, i. 196

St. Peter’s at Rome, new fire at Easter in, i. 125

—— Day, bonfires in Belgium on, i. 194 _sq._; bonfires at Eton on, 197; fires in Scotland on, 207

—— Eve, bonfires on, i. 195, 198, 199 _sq._; gathering herbs on, ii. 45 _n._ 1

St. Rochus’s day, need-fire kindled on, i. 282

St. Thomas’s day (21st December), bonfires on, i. 266; witches dreaded on, ii. 73

—— Mount, near Madras, the fire-walk at, ii. 8 _n._ 1

Saint-Valery in Picardy, i. 113

St. Vitus’s dance, mistletoe a cure for, ii. 84

—— Day, “fire of heaven” kindled on, i. 335

St. Wolfgang, Falkenstein chapel of, ii. 189

Saintes-Maries, Midsummer custom at, i. 194

Saintonge, the Yule log in, i. 251 _n._ 1; wonderful herbs gathered on St. John’s Eve in, ii. 45; St. John’s wort in, 55; vervain gathered at Midsummer in, 62 _n. 4_; four-leaved clover at Midsummer in, 63

—— and Aunis, Midsummer fires in, i. 192

Salee, in Morocco, Midsummer fires at, i. 214, 216

Salisbury, Midsummer giants at, ii. 37 _sq._

Salop (Shropshire), fear of witchcraft in, i. 342 _n._ 4

Salt, prohibition to eat, i. 19, 20; used in a ceremony after marriage, 25 _sq._; abstinence from, associated with a rule of chastity, 26 _sqq._; prohibition to taste, 60, 68, 69; not to be handled by menstruous women, 81 _sq._, 84; divination by, 244

—— cake, divination by, i. 238 _sq._

Samhain, Eve of, in Ireland, i. 139, 225, 226; All Saints’ Day in Ireland, 225

_Samhanach_, Hallowe’en bogies, i. 227

_Samhnagan_, Hallowe’en fires, i. 230

Samland fishermen will not go to sea on Midsummer Day, ii. 26

Samoan story of woman who was impregnated by the sun, i. 74 _sq._

Samoyed shamans, their familiar spirits in boars, ii. 196 _sq._

—— story of the external soul, ii. 141 _sq._

Samson, effigy of, ii. 36; an African, 314

San Salvador in West Africa, ii. 200

Sanctity and uncleanness not clearly differentiated in the primitive mind, i. 97 _sq._

Sanctuary of Balder, i. 104

Sand, souls of ogres in a grain of, ii. 120

Sandhill, in Northumberland, Midsummer fires at, i. 198

Sangerhausen, i. 169

Sangro, river, i. 210

Sankuru River, ii. 264

Santa Catalina Istlavacan, birth-names of the Indians of, ii. 214 _n._ 1

—— Maria Piedigrotta at Naples, i. 221

Sapor, king of Persia, i. 82 _sq._

Sarajevo, need-fire near, i. 286

Sardinia, Midsummer fires in, i. 209

Satan preaches a sermon in the church of North Berwick, ii. 158; brings fern-seed on Christmas night, 289

_Satapatha Brahmana_, on the sun as Death, ii. 174 _n._ 1

Saturday, Easter, new fire on, i. 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 130; second-sight of persons born on a, 285

Saturnalia at puberty of a princess royal, i. 30 _sq._; license of the, ii. 291 _n._ 2

Saucers, divination by seven, i. 209

Savage, secretiveness of the, ii. 224 _sq._; dread of sorcery, 224 _sq._

Saxo Grammaticus, Danish historian, i. 102 _n._ 1; his account of Balder, 103

Saxons of Transylvania, story of the external soul among the, ii. 116

Saxony, fires to burn the witches in, i. 160; the Wends of, ii. 297

——, Lower, the need-fire in, i. 272

Scania, Midsummer fires in, i. 172

Schaffhausen, St. John’s three Midsummer victims at, ii. 27

Schar mountains of Servia, need-fire in the, i. 281

_Scharholz_, Midsummer log in Germany, ii. 92 _n._ 1

Schaumburg, Easter bonfires in, i. 142

Schlegel, G., on Chinese festival of fire, ii. 5 _n._ 1

Schlich, W., on mistletoe, ii. 315 _sq._; on _Loranthus europaeus_, 317

Schlochau, district of, witches’ Sabbath in, ii. 74

Schöllbronn in Baden, “thunder poles” at, i. 145

Schoolcraft, Henry R., on renewal of fire, i. 134 _n._ 1

Schürmann, C. W., on the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, ii. 216 _sq._

_Schvannes_, bonfires, i. 111 _n._ 1

Schweina, in Thuringia, Christmas bonfire at, i. 265 _sq._

Schwenda, witches burnt at, i. 6

Science, movement of thought from magic through religion to, ii. 304 _sq._; and magic, different views of natural order postulated by the two, 305 _sq._

Scira, an Athenian festival, i. 20 _n._ 1

“Scoring above the breath,” cutting a witch on the forehead, i. 315 _n._ 2; counter-spell to witchcraft, 343 _n._

Scotch Highlanders, their belief in bogies at Hallowe’en, i. 227; their belief as to Snake Stones, ii. 311

Scotland, sacred wells in, i. 12; Celts called “thunder-bolts” in, 14 _sq._; Snake Stones in, 15 _sq._, ii. 311; worship of Grannus in, i. 112; Beltane fires in, 146 _sqq._; Midsummer fires in, 206 _sq._; divination at Hallowe’en in, 229, 234 _sqq._; need-fire in, 289 _sqq._; animals burnt alive as a sacrifice in, 302; “scoring above the breath,” a counter-charm for witchcraft in, 315 _n._ 2; witches as hares in, 315 _n._ 1; St. John’s wort in, ii. 54; the divining-rod in, 67. _See also_ Highlands _and_ Highlanders

Scots pine, mistletoe on, ii. 315

Scott, Sir Walter, on the fear of witchcraft, i. 343; oaks planted by, ii. 166

Scourging girls at puberty, i. 66 _sq._

_Scouvion_, i. 108. _See_ _Escouvion_

Scratching the person with the fingers forbidden to girls at puberty, i. 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 47, 50, 53, 92

Scrofula, vervain a cure for, ii. 62 _n._ 1; creeping through an arch of vines as a cure for, 180; passage through a holed stone a cure for, 187

Scylla, daughter of Nisus, the story of her treachery, ii. 103

Scythes and bill-hooks set out to cut witches as they fall from the clouds, i. 345 _sq._

Sea, menstruous women not allowed to approach the, i. 79; bathing in the, at Easter, 123; bathing in the, at Midsummer, 208, 210, ii. 30; demands a human victim on Midsummer Day, 26

Seal, descendants of the, in Sutherlandshire, ii. 131 _sq._

Seats placed for souls of dead at the Midsummer fires, i. 183, 184

Seclusion of girls at puberty, i. 22 _sqq._,; in folk-tales, 70 _sqq._; reasons for the, 76 _sqq._

—— of novices at initiation, ii. 233, 241, 250, 253, 257 _n._ 1, 258, 259, 261, 264, 266

—— of women at menstruation, i. 76 _sqq._

Secret language learnt at initiation, ii. 253, 255 _n._ 1, 259, 261 _n._

—— societies and totem clans, related to each other, ii. 272 _sq._

Secretiveness of the savage, ii. 224 _sq._

Sedbury Park oak, in Gloucestershire, ii. 316

_Sedum telephium_, orpine, used in divination at Midsummer, ii. 61

Seed-corn, charred remains of Midsummer log mixed with the, ii. 92

Seeman, Berthold, on St. John’s blood, ii. 56

Seler, Professor E., on nagual, ii. 213 _n._

_Semo_, a secret society of Senegambia, ii. 261

Senal Indians of California, their notion as to fire stored in trees, ii. 295

Senegambia, the Walos of, ii. 79; secret society in, 261 _sq._

Sennar, a province of the Sudan, human hyaenas in, i. 313

Separation of children from their parents among the Baganda, i. 23 _n._ 2

September, eve of the first of, new fire on the, i. 139; the eighth, feast of the Nativity of the Virgin, 220; the fire-walk in, ii. 9

Serpent, girls at puberty thought to be visited by a, i. 31; supposed to swallow girl at puberty, 57; ten-headed, external soul in a, ii. 104 _sq._; twelve-headed, external soul of demon in a, 143; external soul of chief in a, 201. _See also_ Snake

Serpents burnt alive at the Midsummer festival in Luchon, ii. 38 _sq._, 43; witches turn into, 41; worshipped by the old Prussians, 43 _n._ 3; in the worship of Demeter, 44 _n._; the familiars of witches, 202; spirits of the dead incarnate in, 211 _sq._

Serpents’ eggs (glass beads) in ancient Gaul, i. 15

Servia, Midsummer fire custom in, i. 178; the Yule log in, 258 _sqq._; need-fire in, 281, 282 _sqq._

Servian stories of the external soul, ii. 110 _sqq._

Servians, house-communities of the, i. 259 _n._ 1

Setonje, in Servia, need-fire at, i. 282 _sqq._

Seven bonfires, lucky to see, i. 107, 108

—— leaps over Midsummer fire, i. 213

—— sorts of plants gathered at Midsummer, ii. 51 _sq._

—— years, a were-wolf for, i. 310 _n._ 1, 316 _n._ 2

Sex totems among the natives of South-Eastern Australia, ii. 214 _sqq._; called “brother” and “sister” by men and women respectively, 215

Sexes, danger apprehended from the relation of the, ii. 277 _sq._

Seyf el-Mulook and the jinnee, the story of, ii. 137

Sgealoir, the burying-ground of, i. 294

_Sgreball_, three pence, i. 139

Sham-fights at New Year, i. 135

Shamans of the Yakuts and Samoyeds keep their external souls in animals,