ii. 186

—— Island, i. 39

—— ochre round a woman’s mouth, mark of menstruation, i. 77

Redemption from the fire, i. 110

Reed, W. A., on a superstition as to a parasitic plant, ii. 282

Reed, split, used in cure for dislocation, ii. 177

Reef, plain of, in Tiree, i. 316

Regaby, in the Isle of Man, i. 224

Reindeer sacrificed to the dead, ii. 178

Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, O. Frh. von, on the Yule log, i. 249

Reiskius, Joh., on the need-fire, i. 271 _sq._

Religion, movement of thought from magic through religion to science, ii. 304 _sq._

Religious associations among the Indians of North America, ii. 266 _sqq._

Remedies, magical, not allowed to touch the ground, i. 14

Renewal of fire, annual, in China, i. 137. _See also_ Fire

Rengen, in the Eifel Mountains, Midsummer flowers at, ii. 48

Resoliss, parish of, in Ross-shire, burnt sacrifice of a pig in, i. 301 _sq._

Resurrection, ritual of death and, ii. 225 _sqq._

Reuzes, wicker giants in Brabant and Flanders, ii. 35

Revin, Midsummer fires at, i. 188

Rhenish Prussia, Lenten fires in, i. 115

Rheumatism, crawling under a bramble as a cure for, ii. 180

Rhine, the Lower, need-fire on, i. 278; St. John’s wort on, ii. 54

Rhodesia, the Winamwanga of, ii. 297

_Rhodomyrtus tomentosus_, used to kindle fire by friction, ii. 8

Rhön Mountains, Lenten custom in the, i. 117

Rhys, Sir John, on Beltane fires, i. 157; on driving cattle through fires, 159; on old New Year’s Day in the Isle of Man, 224; on Hallowe’en bonfires in Wales, 239 _sq._; on burnt sacrifices in the Isle of Man, 305 _sqq._; on alleged Welsh name for mistletoe, ii. 286 _n._ 3

Ribble, the, i. 245

Ribwort gathered at Midsummer, ii. 49

Rickard, R. H., quoted, i. 34

Rickets, children passed through cleft ash-trees as a cure for, ii. 168; children passed through cleft oaks as a cure for, 170; children passed through a holed stone as a cure for, 187

Rickety children passed through a natural wooden ring, ii. 184

Riedel, J. G. F., on the Kakian association in Ceram, ii. 249

Rif, province of Morocco, Midsummer fires in, i. 214 _n._, 215; bathing at Midsummer in, 216

Riga, Midsummer festival at, i. 177

Right hand, luckiness of the, i. 151 _n._

—— turn (_deiseal_, _dessil_) in the Highlands of Scotland, i. 150 _n._ 1, 154

Rigveda, how Indra cured Apala in the, ii. 193

Ring, crawling through a, as a cure or preventive of disease, ii. 184 _sqq._; divination by a, i. 237; worn by initiates as token of the new birth, ii. 257. _See also_ Rings

Ringhorn, Balder’s ship, i. 102

Ringing church bells on Midsummer Eve, custom as to, ii. 47 _sq._

Rings as amulets, i. 92; mourners creep through, ii. 178, 179. _See also_ Ring

Rio de Janeiro, i. 59

—— Negro, ordeals of young men among the Indians of the, i. 63

Risley, Sir Herbert H., on Indian fire-walk, ii. 5 _n._ 3

Ritual, myths dramatized in, i. 105; of death and resurrection, ii. 225 _sqq._

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., on _tamaniu_, ii. 199 _n._ 1

Rivers, menstruous women not allowed to cross or bathe in, i. 77, 97; claim human victims at Midsummer, ii. 26 _sqq._; bathing in, at Midsummer, 30

Rizano, in Dalmatia, the Yule log at, i. 263

Robertson, Rev. James, quoted, i. 150 _sqq._

Robinson, C. H., on human life bound up with that of an animal, ii. 209

Rochholz, C. L., on need-fire, i. 270 _n._

Rocks, sick people passed through holes in, ii. 186 _sq._, 189 _sq._

Roman belief as to menstruous women, i. 98 _n._ 1

—— cure for dislocation, ii. 177

Romans deemed sacred the places which were struck by lightning, ii. 299

Romanus Lecapenus, emperor, ii. 156

Rome, the sacred fire of Vesta at, i. 138, ii. 91; Midsummer Day in ancient, i. 178; myrtle-trees of the Patricians and Plebeians at, ii. 168; oak of the Vespasian family at, 168

Romove, sacred oak and perpetual fire at, ii. 91, 286

Roof of house, the external soul in, ii. 156

Rook, the island of, initiation of young men in, ii. 246

Roscher, Dr. W. H., on the Roman ceremony of passing under a yoke, ii. 194 _n._ 2

Roscoe, Rev. J., on life-trees of kings of Uganda, ii. 160; on passing through a cleft stick or a narrow opening as a cure, 181

Roscommon, County, divination at Hallowe’en in, i. 243

Rose-tree, death in a blue, ii. 110

Roses, festival of the Crown of, i. 195; the King and Queen of, 195

Ross-shire, Beltane cakes in, i. 153; burnt sacrifice of a pig in, 301 _sq._

Rotenburg on the Neckar, offering to the river on St. John’s Day, ii. 28; the wicked weaver of, 289 _sq._

Rottenburg, in Swabia, burning the Angel-man at, i. 167; precautions against witches on Midsummer Eve at, ii. 73

Roumanians of Transylvania, their belief as to the sacredness of bread, i. 13

Rowan, parasitic, esteemed effective against witchcraft, ii. 281; superstitions about a, 281 _sq._; how it is to be gathered, 282; not to be touched with iron and not to fall on the ground, 282

—— -tree a protection against witches, i. 154, 327 _n._ 1, ii. 184 _n._ 4, 185; hoop of, sheep passed through a, 184. _See also_ Mountain-ash

Rubens, painter, ii. 33

Rucuyennes of Brazil, ordeal of young men among the, i. 63

Rue aux Ours at Paris, effigy of giant burnt in the, ii. 38

Rue burnt in Midsummer fire, i. 213

Rügen, sick persons passed through a cleft oak in, ii. 172

Rum, island of, and the Lachlin family, ii. 284

Rupert’s Day, effigy burnt on, i. 119

Rupt in the Vosges, Lenten fires at, i. 109; the Yule log at, 254

Rupture, children passed through cleft ash-trees or oaks as a cure for, ii. 168 _sqq._, 170 _sqq._

Russia, Midsummer fires in, i. 176, ii. 40; need-fire in, i. 281, ii. 91; treatment of the effigy of Kupalo in, 23; the Letts of, 50; purple loose-strife gathered at Midsummer in, 65; fern-seed at Midsummer in, 65, 66, 287 _sq._; birth-trees in, 165

Russian feast of Florus and Laurus, i. 220

—— story of Koshchei the deathless, ii. 108 _sqq._

Rustem and Isfendiyar, i. 104 _sq._

Ruthenia, Midsummer bonfires in, i. 176

Rye, girdles of, a preventive of weariness in reaping, i. 190

Saale, the river, claims a human victim on Midsummer Day, ii. 26

Saaralben in Lorraine, ii. 47

Sabbaths of witches on the Eve of May Day and Midsummer Eve, i. 171 _n._ 3, 181, ii. 73, 74

Sacramental bread at Nemi, ii. 286 _n._ 2

—— meal at initiation in Fiji, ii. 245 _sq._

Sacred flutes played at initiation, ii. 241

—— kings put to death, i. 1 _sq._

—— persons not allowed to set foot on the ground, i. 2 _sqq._; not to see the sun, i. 18 _sqq._

—— stick (_churinga_), ii. 234

Sacrifice of cattle at holy oak, i. 181; of heifer at kindling need-fire, 290; of an animal to stay a cattle-plague, 300 _sqq._; of reindeer to the dead, ii. 178

Sacrifices, human, at fire-festivals, i. 106; traces of, 146, 148, 150 _sqq._, 186, ii. 31; offered by the ancient Germans, 28 _n._ 1; among the Celts of Gaul, 32 _sq._; the victims perhaps witches and wizards, 41 _sqq._; W. Mannhardt’s theory, 43

“Sacrificial fonts” in Sweden, i. 172 _n._ 2

_Sada_, _Saza_, Persian festival of fire at the winter solstice, i. 269

Sage, divination by sprigs of red, on Midsummer Eve, ii. 61 _n._ 4

Sagittarius, mistletoe cut when the sun is in the sign of, ii. 82

Sahagun, B. de, on the treatment of witches and wizards among the Aztecs,