ii. 31;

the most important of the year among the primitive Aryans of Europe, 40; its relation to Druidism, 45

—— fires, i. 160 _sqq._; in Wales, 156

—— flowers and plants used as talismans against witchcraft, ii. 72

—— Men, orpine, ii. 61

—— mummers clad in green fir branches, ii. 25 _sq._

Midwinter fires, i. 246 _sqq._

Mijatovich, Chedo, on the _Zadrooga_ or Servian house-community, i. 259 _n._ 1

Mikado not allowed to set foot on ground, i. 2 _sq._; the sun not allowed to shine on him, 18 _sq._

Milk, girls at puberty forbidden to drink, i. 22, 30; libations of, 30; not to be drunk by menstruous women, 80, 84; stolen by witches from cows, 176, 343, ii. 74; omens drawn from boiling, 8; libations of, poured on fire, 8, 9; libations of, poured into a stream, 9; poured on sick cattle, 13

—— and butter thought to be improved by the Midsummer fires, i. 180; stolen by witches at Midsummer, 185; witchcraft fatal to, ii. 86

—— -tie as a bond of kinship, ii. 138 _n._ 1

—— -vessels not to be touched by menstruous women, i. 80

Milking cows through a hole in a branch or a “witch’s nest,” ii. 185

Millaeus on judicial torture, ii. 158

Miller’s wife a witch, story of the, i. 319 _sq._

Miming, a satyr of the woods, i. 103

Minahassa, in Celebes, ceremony at a house-warming in, ii. 153

Minangkabauers of Sumatra, their belief as to menstruous women, i. 79; use of bull-roarers among the, ii. 229 _n._

Minos, king of Crete, besieges Megara, ii. 103

Mint, flowers of, gathered on St. John’s Day, ii. 51

Mirzapur, the Bhuiyars of, i. 84

Misfortune burnt in Midsummer fires, i. 215; got rid of by leaping over Midsummer fires, 215

Missel-thrush and mistletoe, ii. 316

“Mist-healing,” Swiss expression for kindling a need-fire, i. 279

Mistletoe, the divining-rod made of, ii. 69, 291; worshipped by the Druids, 76 _sq._, 301; cut on the sixth day of the moon, 77; makes barren animals and women to bring forth, 77, 78, 79; cut with a golden sickle, 77, 80; thought to have fallen from the sky, 77, 80; called the “all-healer,” 77, 79, 82; an antidote to all poison, 77, 83; gathered on the first day of the moon, 78; not to touch the earth, 78, 80; a cure for epilepsy, 78, 83, 84; extinguishes fire, 78, 84 _sq._, 293; venerated by the Ainos of Japan, 79; growing on willow specially efficacious, 79; confers invulnerability, 79 _sq._; its position as a parasite on a tree the source of superstitions about it, 80, 81, 84; not to be cut but shot or knocked down with stones, 81 _sq._; in the folk-lore of modern European peasants, 81 _sqq._; medical virtues ascribed to, 82 _sqq._; these virtues a pure superstition, 84; cut when the sun is in Sagittarius, 82, 86; growing on oak a panacea for green wounds, 83; mystic qualities ascribed to mistletoe at Midsummer (St. John’s Day or Eve), 83, 86; cut at the full moon of March, 84, 86; called “thunder-besom” in Aargau, 85, 301; a masterkey to open all locks, 85; a protection against witchcraft, 85 _sq._; given to first cow that calves after New Year, 86; gathered especially at Midsummer, 86 _sq._; grows on oaks in Sweden, 87; ancient Italian belief that mistletoe could be destroyed neither by fire nor water, 94; Balder’s life or death in the, 279, 283; life of oak in, 280; not allowed to touch the ground, 280; a protection against witchcraft and Trolls, 282, 283, 294; a protection against fairy changelings, 283; hung over doors of stables and byres in Brittany, 287; thought to disclose treasures in the earth, 287, 291 _sq._; gathered at the solstices, Midsummer and Christmas, 291 _sqq._; traditional privilege of, 291 _n._ 2; growing on a hazel, 291 _n._ 3; growing on a thorn, 291 _n._ 3; life of the oak conceived to be in the, 292; perhaps conceived as a germ or seed of fire, 292; sanctity of mistletoe perhaps explained by the belief that the plant has fallen on the tree in a flash of lightning, 301; two species of, _Viscum album_ and _Loranthus europaeus_, 315 _sqq._; found most commonly on apple-trees, 315, compare 316 _n._ 5; growing on oaks in England, 316; seeds of, deposited by missel-thrush, 316; ancient names of, 317 _sq._; Virgil on, 318 _sqq._; Dutch names for, 319 _n._ 1

Mistletoe and Balder, i. 101 _sq._, ii. 76 _sqq._, 302

—— and the Golden Bough, ii. 315 _sqq._

Mitchell, Sir Arthur, on a barbarous cure for murrain, i. 326

Mithr, Armenian fire-god, i. 131 _n._ 3

Mithraic mysteries, initiation into the, ii. 277

_Mizimu_, spirits of the dead, ii. 312

Mlanje, in British Central Africa, ii. 314

Mnasara tribe of Morocco, i. 214

Mogk, Professor Eugen, i. 330

Mohammedan calendar lunar, i. 216 _sq._, 218 _sq._

—— New Year festival in North Africa, i. 217 _sq._

—— peoples of North Africa, Midsummer fires among the, i. 213 _sqq._

Moharram, first Mohammedan month, i. 217

Moles and field-mice driven away by torches, i. 115, ii. 340

Molsheim in Baden, i. 117

Mondays, witches dreaded on, ii. 73

Mongolian story, milk-tie in a, i. 138 _n._ 1; the external soul in a, ii. 143 _sq._

Monster supposed to swallow and disgorge novices at initiation, ii. 240 _sq._, 242

Mont des Fourches, in the Vosges, i. 318

Montaigne on ceremonial extinction of fires, i. 135 _n._ 2

Montanus, on the Yule log, i. 248

Montenegro, the Yule log in, i. 263

Montezuma not allowed to set foot on ground, i. 2

Montols of Northern Nigeria, their belief in their sympathetic relation to snakes, ii. 209 _sq._

Moon, impregnation of women by the, i. 75 _sq._; the sixth day of the, mistletoe cut on, 77; the first day of the, mistletoe gathered on, 78; the full, transformation of were-wolves at, 314 _n._ 1

Mooney, James, on Cherokee ideas as to trees struck by lightning, ii. 296

Moore, _Manx Surnames,_ quoted by Sir John Rhys, i. 306

Moors, their superstition as to the “sultan of the oleander,” i. 18

Moosheim, in Wurtemberg, leaf-clad mummer at, ii. 26

Moravia, fires to burn the witches in, i. 160; Midsummer fires in, 175; the divining-rod in, ii. 67

Moravians cull simples at Midsummer, ii. 49, 54

Moray, remedy for a murrain in the county of, i. 326

Morayshire, medical use of mistletoe in, ii. 84

Morbihan in Brittany, ii. 287

Moresin, Thomas, on St. Peter’s fires in Scotland, i. 207

Morice, Father A. G., on customs and beliefs of the Carrier Indians as to menstruous women, i. 91 _sqq._; on the honorific totems of the Carrier Indians, ii. 273 _sqq._

Morlaks, the Yule log among the, i. 264

Morlanwelz, bonfires at, i. 107

Morning star, the rising of the, i. 40, 133

Morocco, magical virtue ascribed to rain-water in, i. 17 _sq._; Midsummer fires in, 213 _sqq._; water thought to acquire marvellous virtue at Midsummer in, ii. 30 _sq._; magical plants gathered at Midsummer in, 51

Morven, i. 290; consumptive people passed through rifted rocks in, ii. 186 _sq._

Moscow, annual new fire in villages near, i. 139

Moselle, bonfires on the, i. 109; Konz on the, 118, 163 _sq._

Moses on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, i. 95 _sq._

Mosquito territory, Central America, seclusion of menstruous women in the, i. 86

Mota, in the New Hebrides, conception of the external soul in, ii. 197 _sq._

Motherwort, garlands of, at Midsummer, i. 162

Moulin, parish of, in Perthshire, Hallowe’en fires in, i. 230

Moulton, Professor J. H., on the etymology of Soranus, ii. 15 _n._ 1

Mountain arnica gathered at Midsummer, ii. 57 _sq._; a protection against thunder, lightning, hail, and conflagration, 58

Mountain-ash, parasitic, used to make the divining rod, ii. 69; mistletoe on, 315. _See also_ Rowan

—— scaur, external soul in, ii. 156

Mourne Mountains, i. 159

Mourners tabooed, i. 20; step over fire after funeral in China, ii. 17; purified by fire, 17, 18 _sq._; customs observed by, among the Bella Coola Indians, 174

Mourning, the great, for Isfendiyar, i. 105

Mouse-ear hawkweed (_Hieracium pilosella_) gathered at Midsummer, ii. 57

Movement of thought from magic through religion to science, ii. 304 _sq._

Mugwort (_Artemisia vulgaris_), wreaths of, at Midsummer, i. 163, 165, 174; a preventive of sore eyes, 174; a preservative against witchcraft, 177; a protection against thunder, ghosts, magic, and witchcraft, ii. 59 _sq._; gathered on Midsummer Day or Eve, ii. 58 _sqq._; thrown into the Midsummer fires, 59; used in exorcism, 60

Mull, the need-fire in, i. 148, 289 _sq._; the Beltane cake in, 149; remedy for cattle-disease in, 325; consumptive people passed through rifted rocks in, ii. 186 _sq._

Mullein, sprigs of, passed across Midsummer fires protect cattle against sickness and sorcery, i. 190; bunches of, passed across Midsummer fires and fastened on cattle-shed, 191; yellow (_Verbascum_), gathered at Midsummer, ii. 63 _sq._; yellow hoary (_Verbascum pulverulentum_), its golden pyramid of blooms, 64; great (_Verbascum thapsus_), called King’s Candle or High Taper, 64

Mummers at Hallowe’en in the Isle of Man, i. 224

Munster, the King of, i. 139; Midsummer fires in, 203

Münsterberg, precautions against witches in, ii. 20 _n._

Münsterland, Easter fires in, i. 141; the Yule log in, 247

Muralug, dread of women at menstruation in, i. 78

Murderer, fire of oak-wood used to detect a, ii. 92 _n._ 4

Murrain, need-fire kindled as a remedy for, i. 278, 282, 290 _sqq._; burnt sacrifices to stay a, in England, Wales, and Scotland, 300 _sqq._; calf burnt alive to stop a, 300 _sq._; cattle buried to stop a, 326. _See also_ Cattle disease

Murray, the country of, i. 154 _n._ 1

Murray River, in Australia, ii. 233; natives of, their dread of menstruous women, i. 77

Muskau, in Lausitz, marriage oaks at, ii. 165

Myrtle-trees of the Patricians and Plebeians at Rome, ii. 168

Myths dramatized in ritual, i. 105

Na Ivilankata, a Fijian clan, ii. 10

Nagas of North-Eastern India, their ceremony of the new fire, i. 136

_Nagual_, external soul, among the Indians of Guatemala and Honduras, ii. 212 _sqq._, 220, 226 _n._ 1

Nahuqua Indians of Brazil, their use of bull-roarers, ii. 230

Names on chimney-piece, divination by, i. 237; of savages kept secret, ii. 224 _n._ 2; new, taken by novices after initiation, 259

Namoluk, one of the Caroline Islands, traditionary origin of fire in, ii. 295

Namuci and Indra, legend of, ii. 280

Namur, Lenten fires in, i. 108

Nandi, the, of British East Africa, their custom of driving sick cattle round a fire, ii. 13; use of bull-roarers among the, 229 _n._

_Nanga_, sacred enclosure in Fiji, ii. 243, 244

Nanna, the wife of Balder, i. 102, 103

Nanny, a Yorkshire witch, i. 317

Naples, feast of the Nativity of the Virgin at, i. 220 _sq._

Narrow openings, creeping through, in order to escape ghostly pursuers, ii. 177 _sqq._

Nathuram, image supposed to make women fruitful, ii. 3

Nativity of the Virgin, feast of the, i. 220 _sq._

Naudowessies, Indian tribe of North America, ritual of death and resurrection among the, ii. 267

_Naueld_, need-fire, i. 280

Nauru, in the Marshall Islands, lives of people bound up with a fish in,