ii. 142;

the worship of the dead among the, 188

Ovid, on the story of Pygmalion, i. 49 _n._ 4

Owl regarded as the guardian spirit of a tree, ii. 111 _n._ 1

Ox substituted for human victim in sacrifice, i. 146; embodying corn-spirit sacrificed at Athens, 296 _sq._; black, used in purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 _sq._

Ozieri, in Sardinia, St. John’s festival at, i. 244

Pacasmayu, the temple of the moon at, ii. 138

Padmavati, an Indian goddess, i. 243

Pagan origin of the Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), i. 249 _sq._

Paganism and Christianity, their resemblances explained as diabolic counterfeits, i. 302, 309 _sq._

Παῖς ἀμφιθαλής, a boy whose parents are both alive, ii. 236 _n._ 2

Palatinate, the Upper, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 72

Palestine, religious prostitution in, i. 58; date of the corn-reaping in, 232 _n._

Palestinian Aphrodite, i. 304 _n._

Palestrina, the harmonies of, i. 54

Pampa del Sacramento, Peru, earthquakes in, i. 198

Pampas, bones of extinct animals in the, i. 158

Pamyles, an Egyptian, ii. 6

Pandharpur, in the Bombay Presidency, i. 243

Panaghia Aphroditessa at Paphos, i. 36

Panku, a being who causes earthquakes, i. 198

Papas, a name for Attis, i. 281, 282

Paphlagonian belief that the god is bound fast in winter, ii. 41

Paphos in Cyprus, i. 32 _sqq._; sanctuary of Aphrodite at, 32 _sqq._; founded by Cinyras, 41

Papyrus of Nebseni, ii. 112; of Nekht, 112

—— swamps, Isis in the, ii. 8

Parilia and the festival of St. George, i. 308

Parr, Thomas, i. 56

Parvati or Isa, an Indian goddess, i. 241, 242

Pasicyprus, king of Citium, i. 50 _n._ 2

Patagonia, funeral customs of Indians of, i. 294

Patagonians, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 254

Paternity, primitive ignorance of, i. 106 _sq._; unknown in primitive savagery, 282

—— and maternity of the Roman deities, ii. 233 _sqq._

Paton, W. R., on modern Greek feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78 _n._ 1

Patrae, Laphrian Artemis at, i. 126 _n._ 2

Pausanias on the necklace of Harmonia, i. 32 _n._ 2; on bones of superhuman size, 157 _n._ 2; on offerings to Etna, 221 _n._ 4; on the Hanged Artemis, 291 _n._ 2

Payne, E. J., on the origin of moon-worship, ii. 138 _n._ 2

Pegasus and Bellerophon, i. 302 _n._ 4

Pegu, dance of hermaphrodites in, i. 271 _n._

Peking, Ibn Batuta at, i. 289

Pélé, goddess of the volcano Kilauea in Hawaii, i. 217 _sqq._

Pelew Islanders, their system of mother-kin, ii. 204 _sqq._; predominance of goddesses over gods among them, 204 _sqq._; customs of the, 253 _sqq._

—— Islands and the ancient East, parallel between, ii. 208; prostitution of unmarried girls in, 264 _sq._; custom of slaying chiefs in the, 266 _sqq._

Pelion, Mount, sacrifices offered on the top of, at the rising of Sirius, ii. 36 _n._

Peloponnese, worship of Poseidon in, i. 203

Pelops restored to life, i. 181

Peneus, the river, at Tempe, ii. 240

Pennefather River in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of children, i. 103

Pentheus, king of Thebes, rent in pieces by Bacchanals, ii. 98

Peoples of the Aryan stock, annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 67 _sqq._

Pepi the First, ii. 5; his pyramid, 4 _n._ 1

Perasia, Artemis, at Castabala, i. 167 _sqq._

Peregrinus, his death in the fire, i. 181

Perga in Pamphylia, Artemis at, i. 35

Periander, tyrant of Corinth, his burnt sacrifice to his dead wife, i. 179

Perigord, rolling in dew on St. John’s Day in, i. 248

Peritius, month of, i. 111

Perpetual holy fire in temples of dead kings, ii. 174

—— fires worshipped, i. 191 _sqq._

Perrot, G., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 138 _n._

Persea-trees in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87 _n._ 5; growing over the tomb of Osiris, 88

Persephone, name applied to spring, ii. 41

—— and Aphrodite, their contest for Adonis, i. 11 _sq._

—— and Pluto, temple of, i. 205

Perseus, the virgin birth of, i. 302 _n._ 4

Persian reverence for fire, i. 174 _sq._

—— festival of the dead, ii. 68

Persian fire-worship and priests, 191

Personation of gods by priests, i. 45, 46 _sqq._

Peru, earthquakes in, i. 202; sacrifice of sons in, ii. 220 _n._ 4

Peruvian Indians, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Pescara River, in the Abruzzi, i. 246

Pescina in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246

Pessinus, image of Cybele at, i. 35 _n._ 3; priests called Attis at, 140; local legend of Attis at, 264; image of the Mother of the Gods at, 265; people of, abstain from swine, 265; high-priest of Cybele at, 285

Petrarch at Cologne on St. John’s Eve, i. 247 _sq._

Petrie, Professor W. M. Flinders, on the date of the corn-reaping in Egypt and Palestine, i. 231 _n._ 3; on the Sed festival, ii. 151 _n._ 3, 152 _n._ 3, 154 _sq._; on the marriage of brothers with sisters in Egypt, 216 _n._ 1

Petrified cascades of Hierapolis, i. 207

Petroff, Ivan, on a custom of the Koniags of Alaska, ii. 106

Phamenoth, an Egyptian month, ii. 49 _n._ 1, 130

Phaophi, an Egyptian month, ii. 49 _n._ 1, 94

Pharnace, daughter of Megassares, i. 41

Phatrabot, a Cambodian month, ii. 61

Phidias, his influence on Greek religion, i. 54 _n._ 1

Philadelphia, subject to earthquakes, i. 194 _sq._

Philae, Egyptian relief at, ii. 50 _n._ 5; mystic representation of Osiris in the temple of Isis at, 89; sculptures in the temple of Isis at, 111; the grave of Osiris at, 111; the dead Osiris in the sculptures at, 112

Philo of Alexandria on the date of the corn-reaping, i. 231 _n._ 3

Philocalus, calendar of, i. 303 _n._ 2, 304 _n._ 3, 307 _n._, ii. 95 _n._ 1

Philosophy, school of, at Tarsus, i. 118

Philostephanus, Greek historian, i. 49 _n._ 4

Phoenician temples in Malta, i. 35; sacred prostitution in, 37

—— kings in Cyprus, i. 49

Phoenicians in Cyprus, i. 31 _sq._

Phrygia, Attis a deity of, i. 263; festival of Cybele in, 274 _n._; indigenous race of, 287

Phrygian belief that the god sleeps in winter, ii. 41

—— cap of Attis, i. 279

—— cosmogony, i. 263 _sq._

—— kings named Midas and Gordias, i. 286

Phrygian moon-god, i. 73

—— priests named Attis, i. 285, 287

Phrygians, invaders from Europe, i. 287

_Pietà_ of Michael Angelo, i. 257

Pig’s blood used in exorcism and purification, i. 299 _n._ 2

Pigs sacrificed annually to the moon and Osiris, ii. 131. _See also_ Swine

Pillars as a religious emblem, i. 34; sacred, in Crete, 107 _n._ 2

Pindar on the music of the lyre, i. 55; on Typhon, 156

Pine-cones symbols of fertility, i. 278; thrown into vaults of Demeter, 278; on the monuments of Osiris, ii. 110

—— seeds or nutlets used as food, i. 278

—— -tree in the myth and ritual of Attis, i. 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 _sq._, 285, ii. 98 _n._ 5 Marsyas hung on a, i. 288; in relation to human sacrifices, ii. 98 _n._ 5; Pentheus on the, 98 _n._ 5; in the rites of Osiris, 108

Pipiles of Central America expose their seeds to moonlight, ii. 135

Piraeus, processions in honour of Adonis at, i. 227 _n._

Pirates, the Cilician, i. 149 _sq._

_Pitr Pāk_, the Fortnight of the Manes, ii. 60

Pitrè, G., on Good Friday ceremonies in Sicily, i. 255 _sq._

Placenta, Egyptian standard resembling a, ii. 156 _n._ 1 _See also_ Afterbirth.

Placianian Mother, a form of Cybele, worshipped at Cyzicus, i. 274 _n._

Plastene, Mother, on Mount Sipylus, i. 185

Plato, on gardens of Adonis, i. 236 _n._ 1

Plautus on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Pleiades worshipped by the Abipones, i. 258 _n._ 2; the setting of, the time of sowing, ii. 41

Pliny, on the date of harvest in Egypt, ii. 32 _n._ 2; on the influence of the moon, 132; on the grafting of trees, 133 _n._ 3; on the time for felling timber, 136 _n._

Plotinus, the death of, i. 87

Ploughing, Prussian custom at, i. 238; and sowing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87

Ploughmen and sowers drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 238 _sq._

Plutarch on the double-headed axe of Zeus Labrandeus, i. 182; on the myth of Osiris, ii. 3, 5 _sqq._; on Harpocrates, 9 _n._; on Osiris at Byblus, 22 _sq._; on the rise of the Nile, 31 _n._ 1; on the mournful character of the rites of sowing, 40 _sqq._; his use of the Alexandrian year, 49, 84; on an Egyptian ceremony at the winter solstice, 50 _n._ 4; on the date of the death of Osiris, 84; on the festival of Osiris in the month of Athyr, 91 _sq._; on the dating of Egyptian festivals, 94 _sq._; on the rites of Osiris, 108; on the grave of Osiris, 111; on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, 127; on the Flamen Dialis, 229 _sq._; on the Flaminica Dialis, 230 _n._ 2

Pluto, the breath of, i. 204, 205; places or sanctuaries of, 204 _sqq._; cave and temple of, at Acharaca, 205

_Plutonia_, places of Pluto, i. 204

Pollution of death, ii. 227 _sqq._

Polo, Marco, on custom of people of Camul, i. 39 _n._ 3

Polyboea, sister of Hyacinth, i. 314, 316; identified with Artemis or Persephone, 315

Polyidus, a seer, i. 186 _n._ 4

Polynesian myth of the separation of earth and sky, i. 283

Pomegranate causes virgin to conceive, i. 263, 269

Pomegranates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280 _n._ 7

Pomona and Vertumnus, ii. 235 _n._ 6

Pompey the Great, i. 27

Pondomisi, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 177

Pontiffs, the Roman, their mismanagement of the Julian calendar, ii. 93 _n._ 1; celebrated the marriage of Orcus, 231

Pontus, sacred prostitution in, i. 39, 58

Populonia, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Port Darwin, Australia, i. 103

Porta Capena at Rome, i. 273

Poseidon the Establisher or Securer, i. 195 _sq._; the earthquake god, 195, 202 _sq._

—— and Demeter, i. 280

Possession of priest or priestess by a divine spirit, i. 66, 68 _sq._, 72 _sqq._; by the spirits of dead chiefs, ii. 192 _sq._

Potniae in Boeotia, priest of Dionysus killed at, ii. 99 _n._ 1

Pots of Basil on St. John’s Day in Sicily, i. 245

Potter in Southern India, custom observed by a, i. 191 _n._ 2

Potters in Uganda bake their pots when the moon is waxing, ii. 135

Praeneste, Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of, ii. 234; founded by Caeculus, 235

Prague, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 73

Prayers to dead ancestors, ii. 175 _sq._, 178 _sq._, 183 _sq._; to dead kings, 192

Pregnancy, causes of, unknown, i. 92 _sq._, 106 _sq._; Australian beliefs as to the causes of, 99 _sqq._

Priestess identified with goddess, i. 219; head of the State under a system of mother-kin, ii. 203

Priestesses more important than priests, i. 45, 46

Priesthood vacated on death of priest’s wife, i. 45; of Hercules at Tarsus, 143

Priestly dynasties of Asia Minor, i. 140 _sq._

—— king and queen personating god and goddess, i. 45

—— kings, i. 42, 43; of Olba, 143 _sqq._, 161; Adonis personated by, 223 _sqq._

Priests personate gods, i. 45, 46 _sqq._; tattoo-marks of, 74 _n._ 4; not allowed to be widowers, ii. 227 _sqq._; the Jewish, their rule as to the pollution of death, 230; dressed as women, 253 _sqq._

—— of Astarte, kings as, i. 26

—— of Attis, the emasculated, i. 265, 266

—— of Zeus at the Corycian cave, i. 145, 155

Procession to the Almo in the rites of Attis, i. 273

Processions carved on rocks at Boghaz-Keui, i. 129 _sqq._; in honour of Adonis, 224 _sq._, 227 _n._, 236 _n._ 1

Procreation, savage ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 _sq._

Procris, her incest with her father Erechtheus, i. 44

Profligacy of human sexes supposed to quicken the earth, i. 48

Property, rules as to the inheritance of, under mother-kin, ii. 203 _n._ 1; landed, combined with mother-kin tends to increase the social importance of women, 209

Prophecy, Hebrew, distinctive character of, i. 75

Prophet regarded as madman, i. 77

Prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, ii. 192 _sq._; inspired by gods, 207

Prophetic inspiration under the influence of music, i. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74; through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192 _sq._

—— marks on body, i. 74

—— water drunk on St. John’s Eve, i. 247

Prophets in relation to _ḳedeshim_, i. 76; or mediums inspired by the ghosts of dead kings, ii. 171, 172

——, Hebrew, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 _sq._

Prophets of Israel, their religious and moral reform, i. 24 _sq._

Propitiation of deceased ancestors, i. 46

Prostitution, sacred, before marriage, in Western Asia, i. 36 _sqq._; suggested origin of, 39 _sqq._; in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 57 _sqq._; in India, 61 _sqq._; in Africa, 65 _sqq._

—— of unmarried girls in the Pelew Islands, ii. 264 _sq._; in Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, 265 _sq._

Provence, bathing at Midsummer in, i. 248

Prussia, customs at ploughing and harvest in, i. 238; divination at Midsummer in, 252 _sq._

Pteria, captured by Croesus, i. 128

Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, i. 43

Ptolemy and Berenice, annual festival in honour of, ii. 35 _n._ 1

Ptolemy I. and Serapis, ii. 119 _n._

Ptolemy III. Euergetes, his attempt to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 27

Ptolemy V. on the Rosetta Stone, ii. 152 _n._

Ptolemy Soter, i. 264 _n._ 4

Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 54

Pumi-yathon, king of Citium and Idalium, i. 50

Punjaub, belief in the reincarnation of infants in the, i. 94

Puppet substituted for human victim, i. 219 _sq._

Purification by fire, i. 115 _n._ 1, 179 _sqq._; by pig’s blood, 299 _n._ 2; of Apollo at Tempe, ii. 240 _sq._

Purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 _sq._

Pyanepsion, an Athenian month, ii. 41

Pygmalion, king of Citium and Idalium in Cyprus, i. 50

——, king of Cyprus, i. 41, 49

——, king of Tyre, i. 50

—— and Aphrodite, i. 49 _sq._

Pymaton of Citium, i. 50 _n._ 2

Pyramid Texts, ii. 4 _sqq._, 9 _n._; intended to ensure the life of dead Egyptian kings, 4 _sq._; Osiris and the sycamore in the, 110; the mention of Khenti-Amenti in the, 198 _n._ 2

Pyramus, river in Cilicia, i. 165, 167, 173

Pyre at festivals of Hercules, i. 116; at Tarsus, 126; of dead kings at Jerusalem, 177 _sq._

—— or Torch, name of great festival at the Syrian Hierapolis, i. 146

Pythian games, their period, ii. 242 _n._ 1

Python worshipped by the Baganda, i. 86

—— -god, human wives of the, i. 66

Pythons worshipped in West Africa, i. 83 _n._ 1; dead chiefs reincarnated in, ii. 193

“Quail-hunt,” legend on coins of Tarsus, i. 126 _n._ 2

Quails sacrificed to Hercules (Melcarth), i. 111 _sq._; migration of, 112

Quatuordecimans of Phrygia celebrate the Crucifixion on March 25th, i. 307 _n._

Queen of Egypt the wife of Ammon, i. 72

—— of Heaven, i. 303 _n._ 5; incense burnt in honour of the, 228

Queensland, aborigines of, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i. 102 _sq._

Quirinus and Hora, ii. 233

Ra, the Egyptian sun-god, ii. 6, 8, 12; identified with many originally independent local deities, 122 _sqq._

Rabbah, captured by David, i. 19

Rabbis, burnings for dead Jewish, i. 178 _sq._

Rain procured by bones of the dead, i. 22; excessive, ascribed to wrath of God, 22 _sq._; instrumental in rebirth of dead infants, 95; regarded as the tears of gods, ii. 33; thought to be controlled by the souls of dead chiefs, 188

—— -charm in rites of Adonis, i. 237; by throwing water on the last corn cut, 237 _sq._

—— -god represented with tears running from his eyes, ii. 33 _n._ 3

Rainbow totem, i. 101

Rainless summer on the Mediterranean, i. 159 _sq._

Rajaraja, king, i. 61

Rajputana, gardens of Adonis in, i. 241 _sq._

Rambree, sorcerers dressed as women in the island of, ii. 254

Rameses II., his treaty with the Hittites, i. 135 _sq._; his order to the Nile, ii. 33

Ramman, Babylonian and Assyrian god of thunder, i. 163 _sq._

Rams, testicles of, in the rites of Attis, i. 269

Ramsay, Sir W. M., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 134 _n._ 1, 137 _n._ 4; on priest-dynasts of Asia Minor, 140 _n._ 2; on the god Tark, 147 _n._ 3; on the name Olba, 148 _n._ 1; on _Hierapolis_ and _Hieropolis_, 168 _n._ 2; on Attis and Men, 284 _n._ 5; on cruel death of the human representative of a god in Phrygia, 285 _sq._

Raoul-Rochette on Asiatic deities with lions, i. 138 _n._; on the burning of doves to Adonis, 147 _n._ 1; on apotheosis by death in the fire, 180 _n._ 1

Ratumaimbulu, Fijian god of fruit-trees, i. 90

Readjustment of Egyptian festivals, ii. 91 _sqq._

Reapers, Egyptian, their lamentations, i. 232, ii. 45; invoke Isis, 117

Rebirth of infants, means taken to ensure the, i. 91, 93 _sqq._; of the dead, precautions taken to prevent, 92 _sq._; of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 _sq._

Red the colour of Lower Egypt, ii. 21 _n._ 1

—— -haired men burnt by Egyptians, ii. 97, 106

Reform, the prophetic, in Israel, i. 24 _sq._

Reformations of Hezekiah and Josiah, i. 25

Rehoboam, King, his family, i. 51 _n._ 2

Reincarnation of the dead, i. 82 _sqq._; in America, 91; in Australia, 99 _sqq._

Rekub-el, Syrian god, i. 16

Relations, spirits of near dead, worshipped, i. 175, 176; at death become gods, ii. 180

Religion, volcanic, i. 188 _sqq._; how influenced by mother-kin, ii. 202 _sqq._

—— and magic, combination of, i. 4; and music, 53 _sq._

Religious ideals a product of the male imagination, ii. 211

—— systems, great permanent, founded by great men, ii. 159 _sq._

Remission of sins through the shedding of blood, i. 299

Remus, the birth of, ii. 235

Renan, E., on Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 _n._ 1; his excavations at Byblus, 14 _n._ 1; on Adom-melech, 17; on the vale of the Adonis, 29 _n._; on the burnings for the kings of Judah, 178 _n._ 1; on the discoloration of the river Adonis, 225 _n._ 4; on the worship of Adonis, 235

Renouf, Sir P. le Page, on Osiris as the sun, ii. 126

Resemblance of the rites of Adonis to the festival of Easter, i. 254 _sqq._, 306

Resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as diabolic counterfeits, i. 302, 309 _sq._

Reshef, Semitic god, i. 16 _n._ 1

Resurrection of the dead conceived on the pattern of the resurrection of Osiris, ii. 15 _sq._

—— of Attis at the vernal equinox, i. 272 _sq._, 307 _sq._

—— of Hercules (Melcarth), i. 111 _sq._

—— of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, ii. 85; depicted on the monuments, 89 _sq._; date of its celebration at Rome, 95 _n._ 1; symbolized by the setting up of the _ded_ pillar, 109

Resurrection of Tylon, i. 186 _sq._

Rhine, bathing in the, on St. John’s Eve, i. 248

Rhodes described by Strabo, i. 195 _n._ 3; worship of Helen in, 292

Rhodesia, Northern, the Bantu tribes of, their worship of ancestral spirits, ii. 174 _sqq._; their worship of dead chiefs or kings, 191 _sqq._

Rhodians, the Venetians of antiquity, i. 195

Rice, the soul of the, in the first sheaf cut, ii. 239

Ridgeway, Professor W., on the marriage of brothers with sisters, ii. 216 _n._ 1

Rites of irrigation in Egypt, ii. 33 _sqq._; of sowing, 40 _sqq._; of harvest, 45 _sqq._

Ritual, children of living parents in, ii. 236 _sqq._; of the Bechuanas at founding a new town, 249

—— of Adonis, i. 223 _sqq._

Rivers as the seat of worship of deities, i. 160; bathing in, at Midsummer, 246, 248, 249; gods worshipped beside, 289

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., as to Melanesian theory of conception in women, i. 97 _sq._; on the sacred dairyman of the Todas, ii. 228

Rizpah and her sons, i. 22

Robinson, Edward, on the vale of the Adonis, i. 29 _n._

Roccacaramanico, in the Abruzzi, Easter ceremonies at, i. 256 _n._ 2

Rock-hewn sculptures at Ibreez, i. 121 _sq._; at Boghaz-Keui, 129 _sqq._

Rockhill, W. Woodville, on dance of eunuchs in Corea, i. 270 _n._ 2

Rohde, E., on purification by blood, i. 299 _n._ 2; on Hyacinth, 315

Roman deities called “Father” and “Mother,” ii. 233 _sqq._

—— emperor, funeral pyre of, i. 126 _sq._

—— expiation for prodigies, ii. 244

—— financial oppression, i. 301 _n._ 2

—— _genius_ symbolized by a serpent, i. 86

—— gods, the marriage of the, ii. 230 _sqq._; compared to Greek gods, 235

—— law, revival of, i. 301

—— marriage custom, ii. 245

—— mythology, fragments of, ii. 235, with _n._ 6

Romans adopt the worship of the Phrygian Mother of the Gods, i. 265; correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 27 _sq._

Rome, high-priest of Cybele at, i. 285; the celebration of the resurrection of Osiris at, ii. 95 _n._ 1

Romulus cut in pieces, ii. 98; the birth of, 235

Roper River, in Australia, i. 101

Roscoe, Rev. John, on serpent-worship, i. 86 _n._ 1; on the rebirth of the dead, 92 _sq._; on potters in Uganda, ii. 135; on the religion of the Bahima, 190 _sq._; on the worship of the dead among the Baganda, 196; on Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, 196 _sq._; on massacres for sick kings of Uganda, 226

Rose, the white, dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, i. 226

Rosetta stone, the inscription, ii. 27, 152 _n._

Roth, W. E., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 103 _n._ 2

Rotomahana in New Zealand, pink terraces at, i. 207, 209 _n._

Rugaba, supreme god in Kiziba, ii. 173

Rules of life based on a theory of lunar influence, ii. 132 _sqq._, 140 _sqq._

Rumina, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Runes, how Odin learned the magic, i. 290

Russia, annual festivals of the dead in, ii. 75 _sqq._

Russian Midsummer custom, i. 250 _sq._

Rustic Calendars, the Roman, ii. 95 _n._ 1

Sabazius, mysteries of, i. 90 _n._ 4

Sacrament in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._

Sacred harlots in Asia Minor, i. 141

—— marriage of priest and priestess as representing god and goddess, i. 46 _sqq._; represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 140; in Cos, ii. 259 _n._ 4

“—— men” (_kedeshim_), at Jerusalem, i. 17 _sq._; and women, 57 _sqq._; in West Africa, 65 _sqq._; in Western Asia, 72 _sqq._; at Andania, 76 _n._ 3

—— prostitution, i. 36 _sqq._; suggested origin of, 39 _sqq._; in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 55 _sqq._; in India, 61 _sqq._; in West Africa, 65 _sqq._

—— slaves, i. 73, 79

—— stocks and stones among the Semites, i. 107 _sqq._

—— women in India, i. 61 _sqq._; in West Africa, 65 _sqq._; in Western Asia, 70 _sqq._; at Andania, 76 _n._ 3

Sacrifice of virginity, i. 60; of virility in the rites of Attis and Astarte, 268 _sq._, 270 _sq._; other cases of, 270 _n._ 2; nutritive and vicarious types of, ii. 226

Sacrifices to earthquake god, i. 201, 202; to volcanoes, 218 _sqq._; to the dead distinguished from sacrifices to the gods, 316 _n._ 1; offered at the rising of Sirius, ii. 36 _n._; offered in connexion with irrigation, 38 _sq._; to dead kings, 101, 162, 166 _sq._; to ancestral spirits, 175, 178 _sq._, 180, 181 _sq._, 183 _sq._, 190; of animals to prolong the life of kings, 221; without shedding of blood, 222 _n._ 2

Sacrifices, human, offered at earthquakes, i. 201; offered to Dionysus, ii. 98 _sq._; at the graves of the kings of Uganda, 168; to dead kings, 173; to dead chiefs, 191; to prolong the life of kings, 220 _sq._, 223 _sqq._

Sadyattes, son of Cadys, viceroy of Lydia, i. 183

Saffron at the Corycian cave, i. 154, 187

Sago, magic for the growth of, ii. 101

Sahagun, B. de, on the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._

St. Denys, his seven heads, ii. 12

St. George in Syria, reputed to bestow offspring on women, i. 78, 79, 90; festival of, and the Parilia, 308, 309

St. John, Sweethearts of, in Sardinia, i. 244 _sq._

St. John, Spenser, on reasons for head-hunting in Sarawak, i. 296

St. John’s Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), custom of bathing on, i. 246 _sqq._

—— Midsummer festival in Sardinia, i. 244 _sq._

—— wort gathered at Midsummer, i. 252 _sq._

St. Kilda, All Saints’ Day in, ii. 80

St. Luke, the festival of, on October 18th, ii. 55

Saint-Maries, Midsummer custom at, i. 248

S. Martinus Dumiensis, on the date of the Crucifixion in Gaul, i. 307 _n._

St. Michael in Alaska, ii. 51

St. Simon and St. Jude’s day, October 28th, ii. 74

St. Vitus, festival of, i. 252

Saintonge, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69

Saints as the givers of children to women, i. 78 _sq._, 91, 109

Sais, the festival of, ii. 49 _sqq._

Sakkara, pyramids at, ii. 4

_Sal_ tree, festival of the flower of the, i. 47

Salacia and Neptune, ii. 231, 233

Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, i. 145; dynasty of Teucrids at, 145

Salem, Melchizedek, king of, i. 17

Salii, priests of Mars, rule as to their election, ii. 244

Salono, a Hindoo festival, i. 243 _n._ 1

Salvation of the individual soul, importance attached to, in Oriental religions, i. 300

Samagitians, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 75

Samal, in North-Western Syria, i. 16

Samaria, the fall of, i. 25

Samoa, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200

Samuel consulted about asses, i. 75; meaning of the name, 79

—— and Saul, i. 22

San Juan Capistrano, the Indians of, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 142

Sanda-Sarme, a Cilician king, i. 144

Sandacus, a Syrian, i. 41

Sandan of Tarsus, i. 124 _sqq._; the burning of, 117 _sqq._, 126; identified with Hercules, 125, 143, 161; monument of, at Tarsus, 126 _n._ 2

—— (Sandon, Sandes), Cappadocian and Cilician god of fertility, i. 125

—— and Baal at Tarsus, i. 142 _sq._, 161

Sandon, or Sandan, name of the Lydian and Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184, 185; a Cilician name, 182

Sandu’arri, a Cilician king, i. 144

Santa Felicita, successor of Mefitis, i. 205

Santiago Tepehuacan, Indians of, their custom at sowing, i. 239; their annual festival of the dead, ii. 55

Santorin, island of, its volcanic activity, i. 195

Sappho on the mourning for Adonis, i. 6 _n._ 2

Saracus, last king of Assyria, i. 174

Sarawak, head-hunting in, i. 295 _sq._

Sardanapalus, monument of, at Tarsus, i. 126 _n._ 2; his monument at Anchiale, 172; the burning of, 172 _sqq._; the effeminate, ii. 257

—— and Hercules, i. 172 _sqq._

Sardes, captured by Cyrus, i. 174; lion carried round acropolis of, i. 184, ii. 249

Sardinia, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244 _sq._

Sargal, in India, gardens of Adonis at, i. 243

Sarpedonian Artemis, i. 167, 171

Sasabonsun, earthquake god of Ashantee, i. 201

Saturn, the husband of Ops, ii. 233

—— and Lua, ii. 233

Saturn’s period of revolution round the sun, ii. 151 _sq._

Saturnine temperament of the farmer, ii. 218

Sauks, an Indian tribe of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the,