i. 105

Names, royal, signifying relation to deity, i. 15 _sqq._; Semitic personal, indicating relationship to a deity, 51; Hebrew, ending in _-el_ or _-iah_, 79 _n._ 3

Nana, the mother of Attis, i. 263, 269, 281

Nandi, the, of British East Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 85; their ceremony at the ripening of the eleusine grain, ii. 47; boys dressed as women and girls dressed as men at circumcision among the, 263

Nanjundayya, H. V., on serpent worship in Mysore, i. 81 _sq._

Naples, grotto _del cani_ at, i. 205 _n._ 1; custom of bathing on St. John’s Eve at, 246

Narmer, the mace of, ii. 154

National character partly an effect of geographical and climatic conditions, ii. 217

Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice, i. 303 _sqq._

Natural calendar of the husbandman, shepherd, and sailor, ii. 25

Nature of Osiris, ii. 96 _sqq._

Navel-string of the king of Uganda preserved and inspected every new moon, ii. 147 _sq._

Navel-strings of dead kings of Uganda preserved, ii. 167, 168, 171; ghosts of afterbirths thought to adhere to, 169 _sq._; preserved by the Baganda as their twins and as containing the ghosts of their afterbirths, 169 _sq._

Ndjambi, Njambi, Njame, Zambi, Nyambe, etc., name of the supreme god among various tribes of Africa, ii. 186, with note 5

—— Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, ii. 186

Nebseni, the papyrus of, ii. 112

Neith or Net, an Egyptian goddess, i. 282 _n._, ii. 51 _n._ 1

Nekht, the papyrus of, ii. 112

Nemi, Dianus and Diana at, i. 45

Nephthys, Egyptian goddess, sister of Osiris and Isis, ii. 6; mourns Osiris, 12

Neptune and Salacia, ii. 231, 233

Nerio and Mars, ii. 232

New birth through blood in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._; savage theory of, 299; of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 _sq._

—— Britain, theory of earthquakes in, i. 201

—— Guinea, German, the Kai of, i. 96; the Tami of, 198

—— Mexico, the Pueblo Indians of, ii. 54

—— moon, ceremonies at the, ii. 141 _sqq._

—— World, bathing on St. John’s Day in the, i. 249; All Souls’ Day in the, ii. 80

—— Year’s Day, festival of the dead on, ii. 53, 55, 62, 65

—— Zealand, Rotomahana in, i. 207, 209 _n._

Newberry, Professor P. E., on Osiris as a cedar-tree god, ii. 109 _n._ 1

Newman, J. H., on music, i. 53 _sq._

Ngai, God, i. 68

Ngoni, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82

Nguruhi, the supreme god of the Wahehe, ii. 188 _sq._

Niambe, the supreme god of the Barotse, ii. 193

Nias, conduct of the natives of, in an earthquake, i. 201 _sq._; head-hunting in, 296 _n._ 1

Nicaragua, Indians of, sacrifice human victims to volcanoes, i. 219

Nietzold, J., on the marriage of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt, ii. 216 _n._ 1

Nigmann, E., on the religion of the Wahehe, ii. 188 _sq._

Nikunau, one of the Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in, i. 108 _n._ 1

Nile, the rise and fall of the, ii. 30 _sqq._; rises at the summer solstice in June, 31 _n._ 1, 33; commanded by the King of Egypt to rise, 33; thought to be swollen by the tears of Isis, 33; gold and silver thrown into the river at its rising, 40; the rise of, attributed to Serapis, 216 _sq._

——, the “Bride” of the, ii. 38

Nilsson, Professor M. P., on custom of sacred prostitution, i. 37 _n._ 2, 57 _n._ 1, 58 _n._ 2; on the sacrifice of a bull to Zeus, ii. 239 _n._ 1

Nineveh, the end of, i. 174

Njamus, the, of British East Africa, their sacrifices at irrigation channels, ii. 38 _sq._

Normandy, rolling in dew on St. John’s Day in, i. 248

Northern Territory, Australia, beliefs as to the birth of children in the, i. 103 _sq._

Nottinghamshire, harvest custom in, i. 238 _n._

November, festivals of the dead in, ii. 51, 54, 69 _sqq._; the month of sowing in Egypt, 94

Novitiate of priests and priestesses, i. 66, 68

Nullakun tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 101

Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, mother of Osiris, i. 283 _n._ 3, ii. 6, 16; in a sycamore tree, 110

Nutlets of pines used as food, i. 278 _n._ 2

Nutritive and vicarious types of sacrifice, ii. 226

Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, worshipped as the god of his people, ii. 162 _sqq._; incarnate in various animals, 163 _sq._; his mysterious disappearance, 163; his graves, 163, 166; historical reality of, 164, 166 _sq._; his relation to the creator Juok, 164 _sq._; compared to Osiris, 167

Nymphs of the Fair Crowns at Olympia, ii. 240

Nysa, in the valley of the Maeander, i. 205, 206 _n._ 1; sacrifice of bull at, 292 _n._ 3

Nyuak, L., on guardian spirits of Sea Dyaks, i. 83

Oak or terebinth, sacred at Mamre, i. 37 _n._ 2

Oath of Egyptian kings not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 26

Obelisk, image of Astarte, i. 14

Obelisks, sacred, at Gezer, i. 108

Obscene images of Osiris, ii. 112

Octennial cycle, old, in Greece, ii. 242 _n._

October, the first of, a great Saxon festival, ii. 81 _n._ 3

Odilo, abbot of Clugny, institutes feast of All Souls, ii. 82

Odin, hanged on a tree, i. 290; human victims dedicated by hanging to, 290; king’s sons sacrificed to, ii. 220

Oenomaus, king of Pisa, his incest with his daughter, i. 44 _n._ 1

Oeta, Mount, Hercules burnt on, i. 111, 116, 211

Offerings to dead kings, ii. 194

Oil, holy, poured on king’s head, i. 21;

poured on sacred stones, 36; as vehicle of inspiration, 74

Olba, priestly kings of, i. 143 _sqq._, 161; the name of, 148; the ruins of, 151 _sq._

Old Woman of the corn, mythical being of the Cherokee Indians, ii. 46 _sq._

Olive of the Fair Crown at Olympia, ii. 240

—— -branches carried in procession and hung over doors at Athens, ii. 238

Olo Ngadjoe, the, of Borneo, i. 91

Olonets, Russian Government of, festival of the dead in, ii. 75

Olympia, the quack Peregrinus burns himself at, i. 181; the cutting of the olive-branches to form the victors’ crowns at, ii. 240

Olympic festival based on an octennial cycle, ii. 242 _n._ 1

Olympus, Mount, in Cyprus, i. 32

Omahas, Indian tribe of North America, effeminate men among the, ii. 255 _sq._

Omonga, a rice-spirit who lives in the moon, ii. 139 _n._

Omphale and Hercules, i. 182, ii. 258

On, King of Sweden. _See_ Aun.

Oodeypoor, in Rajputana, gardens of Adonis at, i. 241 _sq._

Opening the eyes and mouth of the dead, Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15

Operations of husbandry regulated by observation of the moon, ii. 133 _sqq._

Ops, the wife of Saturn, ii. 233; in relation to Consus, 233 _n._ 6

Oracles given by the spirits of dead kings, ii. 167, 171, 172

Oraons of Bengal, their annual marriage of the Sun and Earth, i. 46 _sqq._; gardens of Adonis among the, 240; their annual festival of the dead, ii. 59

Orcus, Roman god of the lower world, his marriage celebrated by the pontiffs, ii. 231

Ordeal of chastity, i. 115 _n._ 2

Orestes at Castabala, i. 115

Orgiastic rites of Cybele, i. 278

Oriental mind untrammelled by logic, i. 4 _n._ 1

—— religions in the West, i. 298 _sqq._; their influence in undermining ancient civilization, 299 _sqq._; importance attached to the salvation of the individual soul in, 300

Origen, on the refusal of Christians to fight, i. 301 _n._ 1

Origin of Osiris, ii. 158 _sqq._

Orion, appearance of the constellation, a signal for sowing, i. 290 _sq._

Orpheus, prophet and musician, i. 55; the legend of his death, ii. 99

Orwell in Cambridgeshire, harvest custom at, i. 237 _n._ 4

Oschophoria, vintage festival at Athens, ii. 258 _n._ 6

Osirian mysteries, the hall of the, at Abydos, ii. 108

Osiris identified with Adonis and Attis, i. 32, ii. 127 _n._; myth of, ii. 3 _sqq._; his birth, 6; introduces the cultivation of corn and the vine, 7, 97, 112; his violent death, 7 _sq._; at Byblus, 9 _sq._, 22 _sq._, 127; his body rent in pieces, 10; the graves of, 10 _sq._; his dead body sought and found by Isis, 10, 50, 85; tradition as to his genital organs, 10, 102; mourned by Isis and Nephthys, 12; invited to come to his house, 12, 47; restored to life by Isis, 13; king and judge of the dead, 13 _sq._; his body the first mummy, 15; the funeral rites performed over his body the model of all funeral rites in Egypt, 15; all the Egyptian dead identified with, 16; his trial and acquittal in the court of the gods, 17; represented in art as a royal mummy, 18; specially associated with Busiris and Abydos, 18; his tomb at Abydos, 18 _sq._, 197 _sq._; official festivals of, 49 _sqq._; his sufferings displayed in a mystery at night, 50; his festival in the month of Athyr, 84 _sqq._; dramatic representation of his resurrection in his rites, 85; his images made of vegetable mould, 85, 87, 90 _sq._, 91; the funeral rites of, described in the inscription of Denderah, 86 _sqq._; his festival in the month of Khoiak, 86 _sqq._, 108 _sq._; his “garden,” 87 _sq._; ploughing and sowing in the rites of, 87, 90, 96; the burial of, in his rites, 88; the holy sepulchre of, under Persea-trees, 88; represented with corn sprouting from his dead body, 89; his resurrection depicted on the monuments, 89 _sq._; as a corn-god, 89 _sqq._, 96 _sqq._; corn-stuffed effigies of, buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, 90 _sq._, 114; date of the celebration of his resurrection at Rome, 95 _n._ 1; the nature of, 96 _sqq._; his severed limbs placed on a corn-sieve, 97; human victims sacrificed by kings at the grave of, 97; suggested explanations of his dismemberment, 97; sometimes explained by the ancients as a personification of the corn, 107; as a tree-spirit, 107 _sqq._; his image made out of a pine-tree, 108; his emblems the crook and scourge or flail, 108, 153, compare 20; his backbone represented by the _ded_ pillar, 108 _sq._; interpreted as a cedar-tree god, 109 _n._ 1; his soul in a bird, 110; represented as a mummy enclosed in a tree, 110, 111; obscene images of, 112; as a god of fertility, 112 _sq._; identified with Dionysus, 113, 126 _n._ 3; a god of the dead, 113 _sq._; universal popularity of his worship, 114; interpreted by some as the sun, 120 _sqq._, reasons for rejecting this interpretation, 122 _sqq._; his death and resurrection interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, 126 _sqq._; his body broken into fourteen parts, 129; interpreted as the moon by some of the ancients, 129; reigned twenty-eight years, 129; his soul thought to be imaged in the sacred bull Apis, 130; identified with the moon in hymns, 131; represented wearing on his head a full moon within a crescent, 131; distinction of his myth and worship from those of Adonis and Attis, 158 _sq._; his dominant position in Egyptian religion, 158 _sq._; the origin of, 158 _sqq._; his historical reality asserted in recent years, 160 _n._ 1; his temple at Abydos, 198; his title Khenti-Amenti, 198 _n._ 2; compared to Charlemagne, 199; the question of his historical reality left open, 199 _sq._; his death still mourned in the time of Athanasius, 217; his old type better preserved than those of Adonis and Attis, 218

Osiris, Adonis, Attis, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201

—— and Adonis, similarity between their rites, ii. 127

—— and Dionysus, similarity between their rites, ii. 127

—— and the moon, ii. 129 _sqq._

“—— of the mysteries,” ii. 89

—— -Sep, title of Osiris, ii. 87

Ostrich-feather, king of Egypt supposed to ascend to heaven on an, ii. 154, 155

Otho, the emperor, addicted to the worship of Isis, ii. 118 _n._ 1

Oulad Abdi, Arab tribe of Morocco, i. 39 _n._ 3

Oura, ancient name of Olba, i. 148, 152

Ourwira, theory of earthquakes in, i. 199

Ovambo, the, of German South-West Africa, their ceremony at the new moon,