ii. 143;

attempt to deceive spirit of disease among the, 262

Bones of the dead used in rain-making ceremonies, i. 22; of dead kings carried off or destroyed by enemies, ii. 103 _sq._

——, fossil, source of myths about giants, i. 157 _sq._

Bonfire on St. John’s Eve, dances round it, i. 245

_Book of the Dead_, ii. 13

Bor, the ancient Tyana, Hittite monument at, i. 122 _n._ 1

Borneo, custom of head-hunting in, i. 294 _sqq._; effeminate sorcerers in, ii. 253, 256

Bosanquet, Professor R. C., on the Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250 _n._ 2

Bosman, W., on serpent-worship, i. 67

Bouche, Abbé, on West African priestesses, i. 66 _n._ 3, 69

Boys of living parents in ritual, ii. 236 _sqq._; dressed as girls to avert the Evil Eye, 260; marriage customs to ensure the birth of, 262

Brahman marriage in Southern India, bride dressed as a boy at, ii. 260

Brazil, the Apinagos Indians of, ii. 145 _sqq._

Brazilian Indians, their belief in the noxious influence of the moon on children, ii. 148

Bread, fast from, in mourning for Attis, i. 272

Breasted, Professor J. H., on the eye of Horus, ii. 121 _n._ 3; on Amenophis IV., 123 _n._ 1; on the Sed festival, 156 _n._ 1

Breath not to defile sacred flame, i. 191

Brethren of the Ploughed Fields (_Fratres Arvales_), a Roman college of priests, ii. 239. _See also_ Arval Brethren

“Bride” of the Nile, ii. 38

—— and Bridegroom at Midsummer in Sweden, i. 251

Bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the evil eye, ii. 261

British Columbia, the Indians of, respect the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44

Brittany, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69; belief as to warts and the moon in, 149

Bromo, volcano in Java, worshipped, i. 220 _sq._

Brother of a god, i. 51; dead elder, worshipped, ii. 175

Brothers and sisters, marriages of, in royal families, i. 44; in ancient Egypt, ii. 214 _sqq._; their intention to keep the property in the family, 215 _sq._

Brown, A. R., on the beliefs of the West Australian aborigines as to the causes of childbirth, i. 104 _sqq._

Brown, Dr. George, on snakes as reincarnations of chiefs, i. 84

Bruges, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Brugsch, H., on Egyptian names for a year, ii. 26 _n._ 1; on the Sothic period, 37 _n._; on the grave of Osiris at Philae, 111; on Isis as a personified corn-field, 117

Buddha and Buddhism, ii. 159

Buddhism, spiritual declension of, i. 310 _sq._

Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, on goddess Net, i. 282 _n._; on an Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15 _n._ 2; on Isis, 115 _sq._; on the nature of Osiris, 126 _n._ 2; on the solar theory of Osiris, 131 _n._ 3; on the historical reality of Osiris, 160 _n._ 1; on Khenti-Amenti, 198 _n._ 2

Buduna tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i. 104 _sq._

Bugis of South Celebes, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 253 _sq._

Bulgaria, marriage customs in, ii. 246

Bull as emblem of generative force, i. 123; worshipped by the Hittites, 123, 132; emblem of Hittite thunder-god, 134 _sqq._; Hittite god standing on a, 135; as emblem of a thunder-god, 136; as symbol of thunder and fertility, 163 _sq._; the emblem of the Father God, 164; worshipped at Euyuk, 164; testicles of, used in rites of Cybele and Attis, 276; sacrificed at Egyptian funeral, ii. 15; white, soul of dead king incarnate in a, 164; sacrificed to prolong the life of a king, 222; sacrificed to Zeus, the Saviour of the City, 238; blinded and sacrificed at the foundation of a town, 249

Bull’s blood, bath of, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._

—— hide cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, ii. 249; bride seated on a, 246

—— skin, body of the dead placed in a, ii. 15 _n._ 2

Bulls, husband-god at Hierapolis seated on, i. 163

—— sacrificed at caves of Pluto, i. 206; sacrificed to Persephone, 213 _n._ 1; sacrificed to dead chiefs, ii. 191

Burial at cross-roads, i. 93 _n._ 1

—— of infants to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 _sqq._; at Gezer, 108 _sq._; of Osiris in his rites, ii. 88

Burma, the Bghais of, ii. 60

Burmese, their conduct during an earthquake, i. 201

Burne, Miss C. S., and Miss G. F. Jackson on “Souling Day” in Shropshire, ii. 78 _sq._

Burning of Melcarth, i. 110 _sqq._; of Sandan, 117 _sqq._; of Cilician gods, 170 _sq._; of Sardanapalus, 172 _sqq._; of Croesus, 174 _sqq._; of a god, 188 _sq._

Burnings for dead kings of Judah, i. 177 _sq._; for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, 178

Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, i. 230 _sq._

Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, i. 179 _sq._

—— Land of Lydia, i. 193 _sq._

Burrha, river, Hera’s bath in the, i. 280

Buru, East Indian island, use of oil as a charm in, i. 21 _n._ 2

Busiris, backbone of Osiris at, ii. 11; specially associated with Osiris, 18; the ritual of, 86; rites of Osiris at, 87 _sq._; festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, 108; temple of Usirniri at, 151

Busiro, the district containing the graves and temples of the kings of Uganda, ii. 168, 169, 224

Bustard totem, i. 104

Buto, city in Egypt, ii. 10

Butterflies, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 164

Byblus, Adonis at, i. 13 _sqq._; the kings of, 14 _sqq._; mourning for Adonis at, 38; religious prostitution at, 58; inspired prophets at, 75 _sq._; festival of Adonis at, 225; Osiris and Isis at, ii. 9; the queen of, 9; Osiris associated with, 22 _sq._, 127; its relation to Egypt, 127 _n._ 1

Byrsa, origin of the name, ii. 250

Cadmus turned into a snake, i. 86 _sq._; perhaps personated by the Laurel-bearer at Thebes, ii. 241

——, Mount, i. 207

Cadys, a Lydian, i. 183

Caeculus, son of the fire-god Vulcan, ii. 235

Caesar introduces the Julian calendar, ii. 37; as to German observation of the moon, 141

Caffre purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 _sq._

Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, ii. 38, 39 _sq._

Calabar district, heads of chiefs buried secretly in the, ii. 104

Calabria, Easter custom in, i. 254

Calauria, Poseidon worshipped in, i. 203 _n._ 2

Calendar, the natural, ii. 25

——, the Alexandrian, used by Plutarch, ii. 84

——, the Coptic, ii. 6 _n._ 3

——, the Egyptian, ii. 24 _sqq._; date of its introduction, 36 _n._ 2

—— of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 30 _sqq._

—— of Esne, ii. 49 _sq._

—— of the Indians of Yucatan, ii. 28 _n._

——, the Julian, ii. 93 _n._ 1

—— of the ancient Mexicans, its mode of intercalation, ii. 28 _n._ 3

—— of Philocalus, i. 303 _n._ 2, 304 _n._ 3, ii. 95 _n._ 1

Calendars, the Roman Rustic, ii. 95 _n._ 1

California, the Karok Indians of, ii. 47; the Indians of, their annual festivals of the dead, 52 _sq._

Californian Indians eat pine nuts, i. 278 _n._ 2; their notion that the owl is the guardian of the “California big tree,” ii. 111 _n._ 1

Callaway, Rev. Henry, on the worship of the dead among the Zulus, ii. 184 _sq._

Callirrhoe, the springs of, in Moab, i. 214 _sqq._

Calpurnius Piso, L., on the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232 _sq._

Calycadnus River, in Cilicia, i. 167 _n._ 2

Camasene and Janus, ii. 235 _n._ 6

Cambodia, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 61 _sq._

Cambridge, personal relics of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, preserved at, ii. 197

Cambyses, king of Persia, his treatment of Amasis, i. 176 _n._ 2

Cameroon negroes, expiation for homicide among the, i. 299 _n._ 2

Camul, custom as to hospitality in, i. 39 _n._ 3

Canaanite kings of Jerusalem, i. 17

Canathus, Hera’s annual bath in the spring of, i. 280

Candaules, king of Lydia, i. 182, 183

Canicular year, a Sothic period, ii. 36 _n._ 2

Canopic decree, ii. 34 _n._ 1, 37 _n._, 88 _n._ 2

Canopus, the decree of, ii. 27

Capaneus and Evadne, i. 177 _n._ 3

Cape Bedford in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of children, i. 102

Capital punishment among some peoples originally a sacrifice, i. 290 _n._ 2

Capitol at Rome, ceremonies at the rebuilding of the, ii. 244

Cappadocia, volcanic region of, i. 189 _sqq._; fire-worship in, 191 _sq._

Car Nicobar, exorcism in, i. 299 _n._ 2

Carchemish, Hittite capital on Euphrates, i. 123, 137 _n._ 2, 138 _n._

Carchi, a province of Ecuador, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 80

Caria, Zeus Labrandeus in, i. 182; poisonous vapours in, 205 _sq._

Carians, their mourning for Osiris, ii. 86 _n._ 1

Caribs worshipped the moon in preference to the sun, ii. 138

Carlyle, Thomas, on the execution of the astronomer Bailly, i. 229 _n._ 1

Carna and Janus, ii. 235 _n._ 6

Carnae, temples at, ii. 124; the sculptures at, 154

Carnival at Rome in the rites of Attis, i. 273

—— custom in Thracian villages, ii. 99 _sq._

Carpini, de Plano, on funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293

Carthage, legend and worship of Dido at, i. 113 _sq._; Hamilcar worshipped at, 116; the _suffetes_ of, 116 _n._ 1; rites of Cybele at, 274 _n._; the effeminate priests of the Great Mother at, 298; legend as to the foundation of, ii. 250

Casalis, E., on serpent-worship, i. 84; on the worship of the dead among the Basutos, ii. 179 _sq._

Castabala in Cappadocia, i. 168

—— in Cilicia, worship of Perasian Artemis at, i. 115, 167 _sqq._

Castelnau, F. de, on the reverence of the Apinagos for the moon, ii. 146 _sq._

Castiglione a Casauria, in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246

Castor’s tune, i. 196 _n._ 3

Castration of Cronus and Uranus, i. 283; of sky-god, suggested explanation of, 283; of priests, suggested explanation of, 283 _sq._

Catafalque burnt at funeral of king of Siam, i. 179

Catania in Sicily, the vineyards of, i. 194; gardens of Adonis at, 245

Catholic Church, the ritual of the, i. 54; ceremonies on Good Friday in the, 254, 255 _sq._

Cato, i. 43

Catullus on self-mutilation of a priest of Attis, i. 270

Caucasus, the Albanians of the, i. 73; the Chewsurs of the, ii. 65

Cauldron, the magical, which makes the old young again, i. 181

Caverns of Demeter, i. 88

Caves, limestone, i. 152; in Semitic religion, 169 _n._ 3

Cecrops, father of Agraulus, i. 145

Cedar forests of Cilicia, i. 149, 150 _n._ 1

—— sprung from the body of Osiris, ii. 110

—— -tree god, Osiris interpreted as a, ii. 109 _n._ 1

Celaenae, skin of Marsyas shown at, i. 288

Celebes, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200

——, Central, the Toradjas of, ii. 33

——, Southern, marriage custom in, ii. 260

Celenderis in Cilicia, i. 41

Celtic year reckoned from November 1st, ii. 81

Censorinus, on the date of the rising of Sirius, ii. 34 _n._ 1

Central Provinces of India, gardens of Adonis in the, i. 242 _sq._

Ceos, the rising of Sirius observed in, ii. 35 _n._ 1; rule as to the pollution of death in, 227

Cereals cultivated in ancient Egypt, ii. 30

Ceremonies, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 3 _sqq._

Ceres married to Orcus, ii. 231

Ceylon, _beena_ marriage in, ii. 215

Chadwick, Professor H. M., ii. 81 _n._ 3; on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, 100 _n._ 2; on a priest dressed as a woman, 259 _n._ 2

Change in date of Egyptian festivals with the adoption of the fixed Alexandrian year, ii. 92 _sqq._

Chants, plaintive, of corn-reapers in antiquity, ii. 45 _sq._

Charlemagne compared to Osiris, ii. 199

Charm, to protect a town, ii. 249 _sqq._

Charon, places of, i. 204, 205

_Charonia_, places of Charon, i. 204

Chastity, ceremonial, i. 43; ordeal of, 115 _n._ 2

Chent-Ament (Khenti-Amenti), title of Osiris, ii. 87

Chephren, King of Egypt, his statue, ii. 21 _sq._

Cherokee Indians, their myth of the Old Woman of the corn, ii. 46 _sq._; their lamentations after “the first working of the corn,” 47

Cheshire, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79

Chewsurs of the Caucasus, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 65

Cheyne, T. K., on lament for kings of Judah, i. 20 _n._ 2

Chief, ancestral, reincarnate in snakes, i. 84

Chiefs in the Pelew Islands, custom of slaying, ii. 266 _sqq._

——, dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181 _sq._, 187; thought to control the rain, 188; human sacrifices to, 191; spirits of, prophesy through living men and women, 192 _sq._

“Child-stones,” where souls of dead await rebirth, i. 100

Childbirth, primitive ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 _sq._

Childless women expect offspring from St. George, i. 78; resort to Baths of Solomon, 78; receive offspring from serpent, 86; resort to graves in order to secure offspring, 96; resort to hot springs in Syria, 213 _sqq._

Children bestowed by saints, i. 78 _sq._; given by serpent, 86; murdered that their souls may be reborn in barren women, 95; sacrificed to volcano in Siao, 219; sacrificed at irrigation channels, ii. 38; sacrificed by the Mexicans for the maize, 107; presented to the moon, 144 _sqq._

—— of God, i. 68

—— of living parents in ritual, ii. 236 _sqq._; apparently thought to be endowed with more vitality than others, 247 _sq._

Chili, earthquakes in, i. 202

Chimaera, Mount, in Lycia, perpetual fire on, i. 221

China, funeral of emperor of, i. 294

Chinese author on disturbance of earth-spirits by agriculture, i. 89

—— character compared to that of the ancient Egyptians, ii. 218

Chios, men sacrificed to Dionysus in, ii. 98 _sq._

Chiriguanos Indians of Bolivia, their address to the sun, ii. 143 _n._ 4

Chiriqui, volcano, i. 181

Chittim (Citium) in Cyprus, i. 31

Chnum of Elephantine identified with the sun, ii. 123

Choctaws, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 53 _sq._

Christ crucified on March 25th, tradition, i. 306

Christian, F. W., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 265 _sq._

Christian festivals displace heathen festivals, i. 308

Christianity and paganism, their resemblances explained as diabolical counterfeits, i. 302, 309 _sq._

Christians and pagans, their controversy as to Easter, i. 309 _sq._

Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the Mithraic religion, i. 302 _sqq._; the heathen origin of, 305

Chu-en-aten, name assumed by King Amenophis IV., ii. 124

Chukchees of North-Eastern Asia, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 256 _sq._

Cicero at Cybistra, i. 122 _n._ 3; corresponds with Cilician king, 145 _n._ 2

Cilicia, male deity of, assimilated to Zeus, i. 118 _sq._; kings of, their affinity to Sandan, 144; the Assyrians in, 173

——, Western or Rugged, described, i. 148 _sqq._; fossils of, 152 _sq._

Cilician deity assimilated to Zeus, i. 144 _sqq._, 148, 152

—— Gates, pass of the, i. 120

—— goddesses, i. 161 _sqq._

—— gods, the burning of, i. 170 _sq._

—— pirates, i. 149 _sq._

—— priests, names of, i. 144

Cincius Alimentus, L., on Maia as the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232

Cinyrads, dynasty of the, i. 41 _sqq._

Cinyras, the father of Adonis, i. 13, 14, 49; king of Byblus, 27; founds sanctuary of Astarte, 28; said to have instituted religious prostitution, 41, 50; his daughters, 41, 50; his riches, 42; his incest, 43; wooed by Aphrodite, 48 _sq._; meaning of the name, 52; the friend of Apollo, 54; legends of his death, 55

Ciotat in Provence, bathing at Midsummer at, i. 248

Circumcision, exchange of dress between men and women at, ii. 263

Citium (Chittim), in Cyprus, i. 31, 50

Civilization, ancient, undermined by Oriental religions and other causes, i. 299 _sqq._

Claudianus, Lucius Minius, i. 164

Claudius, the Emperor, and the rites of Attis, i. 266

Claudius Gothicus, the Emperor, i. 266 _n._ 2

Clavigero, on the Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._

Cleomenes, King of Sparta, and serpents, i. 87

Cleon of Magnesia at Gades, i. 113

Climatic and geographical conditions, their effect on national character,