iii. 382;

the eight years’ cycle in, iv. 68 _sqq._; custom of banishing homicides in, iv. 69 _sq._; human sacrifices in, iv. 161 _sqq._; time of the vintage in, vii. 47 _n._ 2; mode of ridding the fields of mice in, viii. 276 _sq._; theory of the transmigration of souls in, viii. 300; custom of stone-throwing in, ix. 24 _sq._; belief in demons in, ix. 104; human scapegoats in, ix. 252 _sqq._; Saturnalia in, ix. 350 _sqq._

—— Homeric, sanctity of kings and chiefs in, i. 366

Greek armies before battle, custom observed by, iii. 111

—— art, the human soul represented sometimes as a mannikin and sometimes as a butterfly in, iii. 29 _n._ 1

—— belief as to impotence, i. 150; as to gods in the likeness of strangers, vii. 236

—— bride and bridegroom bathed before marriage, ii. 162

—— calendar, the early, iv. 68; in the Louvre, vii. 46 _n._ 2; based on the moon, of little use to the husbandman, vii. 53; regulated by the moon, vii. 80

—— charm to silence watchdogs, i. 149

—— charms to ensure wakefulness, clear sight, and black hair, i. 154

—— Church, ceremonies on Good Friday in the, v. 254; ritual of the new fire at Easter in the, x. 128 _sq._

—— conception of Earth as the great Mother, ii. 128 _n._ 4

—— custom of offering hair to rivers, i. 31; of ploughing the land thrice a year, vii. 53 _n._ 4, 72 _sq._

—— divinities who died and rose again, vii. 2

—— farmers, their seasons for ploughing and sowing, vii. 45, 50; their seasons for sowing and reaping determined by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318

—— Feast of All Souls in May, vi. 78 _n._ 1

—— games, the great, iv. 92 _sq._, 103 _sqq._; held every four years, vii. 79 _sq._

—— gods, discrimination of their characters, v. 119; who took titles from vermin, viii. 282

Greek husbandmen, their maxim as to planting and gathering olives, ii. 107

—— infants, octopuses and cuttle-fish presented to, i. 156

—— kings, called Zeus, ii. 177, 361; ancient, their reign of eight years, iv. 58 _sq._, 70 _sqq._

—— lands, artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ix. 272

—— maxim not to wear rings, iii. 314

—— mode of relighting a sacred fire by means of burning-glass, ii. 244 _n._ 1

—— months lunar, vii. 52, 53, 80

—— mysteries, bull-roarers swung at, vii. 110

—— mythology, Adonis in, v. 10 _sqq._

—— peasants used to carry fire in stalks of fennel, ii. 260

—— ploughman, his prayer to Zeus and Demeter, vii. 45, 50

—— practice of sacrificing to the dead on their birthdays, i. 105

—— purificatory rites, pigs sacrificed in, vii. 74

—— religion, rule of ancient, to exclude from temples all who had touched a corpse or a lying-in woman, iii. 155

—— ritual of purification, one shoe on and one shoe off in, iii. 312; of expiatory sacrifices, viii. 27

—— sacrifices, victims required to shake their heads in, i. 384, _n._ 7

—— sanctuaries, iron not to be brought into, iii. 226

—— sower of cummin, his use of curses, i. 281

—— story of Iphiclus and Melampus, i. 158; stories of the external soul, xi. 103 _sqq._

—— superstitions as to certain woollen garments and certain stones, i. 157

—— use of winnowing-fans as cradles, ii. 6

—— women, their mourning for Persephone, ix. 349

—— writers on the worship of Adonis, v. 223 _sq._

Greeks sacrifice pregnant victims to ensure fertility, i. 141; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of precious stones, i. 164 _sq._; rain-making ceremonies among, i. 272 _sq._; used branches of buckthorn to protect houses against sorcerers and spirits, ii. 191; their dread of noon, iii. 88; their use of magical wax figures, ix. 47

——, the ancient, their ceremonies for procuring rain, i. 309 _sq._; their belief that the sun rode in a chariot, i. 315; sacrificed to the winds, i. 330 _n._; their notion as to the wasting effect of incest, ii. 115; ran round the hearth with new-born babes, ii. 232; fire-sticks, employed by the, ii. 251; prayed to Zeus for rain, ii. 359; dedicated locks of hair to rivers, iii. 261, 261 _n._ 5; vicarious sacrifices among, iv. 166 _n._ 1; their modes of disposing of things used in purificatory rites, vii. 9; compared the begetting of children to the sowing of seed, vii. 11; their faith in Demeter as the corn-goddess, vii. 64; their cycle of eight years, vii. 80 _sqq._; their personification of the corn in double form as mother and daughter, vii. 209 _sqq._; their “swallow song” and “crow song,” viii. 322 _n._; their cure for love, ix. 3; smeared pitch on their houses to keep off demons, ix. 153 _n._ 1; their use of laurel in purification, ix. 262; deemed sacred the places which were struck by lightning, xi. 299

Greeks of Asia Minor, their use of human scapegoats, ix. 255

——, the Homeric, their belief as to the effect of a good king’s reign, i. 366, ii. 324 _sq._; cut out tongues of sacrificial victims, viii. 270

—— and Romans, rain-charms among the ancient, i. 309 _sq._

Green boughs a charm against witches, ii. 52-55, 127, 342 _sq._; custom of beating young people with, at Christmas, ix. 270

—— Corn Dance of the Seminole Indians, viii. 76

—— Demeter, vii. 42, 63, 89 _n._ 2; sacrifices in spring to, vii. 263

—— Festival at Eleusis, vii. 63

—— George on St. George’s Day, a leaf-clad mummer in Carinthia, Transylvania, Roumania, and Russia, ii. 75, 76, 79, 343

—— Thursday, the day before Good Friday, ii. 333

—— Wolf, Brotherhood of the, at Jumièges in Normandy, x. 185 _sq._, xi. 15 _n._, 25, 88

Greenidge, A. H. J., on the nomination of Roman kings, ii. 296 _n._ 3

Greenland, woman in childbed thought to control the wind in, i. 324

Greenlanders, their belief in the mortality of the gods, iv. 3; careful not to offend the souls of dead seals, viii. 246 _sq._; their notion that women can conceive by the moon, x. 75 _sq._

Greenwich-hill, custom of rolling down, at Easter and Whitsuntide, ii. 103

Gregor, Rev. Walter, of Pitsligo, on the cutting of the _clyack_ sheaf in Aberdeenshire, vii. 158 _sqq._; on virtue of children born feet foremost, x. 295 _n._ 3; on the “quarter-ill,” x. 296 _n._ 1; on the bewitching of cattle, x. 303; on the oak and mistletoe of the Hays, xi. 284 _n._ 1

Gregory IV. and the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83

Gregory of Tours, on image of goddess carted about at Autun, ii. 144; on a talisman against dormice and serpents, viii. 281

Greig, James S., on a holed stone in the Aberdeenshire river Dee, xi. 187 _n._ 3

Grenfell, B. P., and A. S. Hunt on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, vi. 90 _sq._

Grenoble, King and Queen of May at, ii. 90; the harvest goat at, vii. 285

Greta, river in Yorkshire, need-fire on the, x. 287

_Grevia spec._, a sacred tree of the Herero, ii. 214, 219

Grey, Sir George, on the prohibition to name the dead among the natives of Western Australia, iii. 364 _sq._; on the digging for yams by women in Western Australia, vii. 126 _sq._; on the _kobong_ or totem in Western Australia, xi. 219 _sq._

Grey hair a signal of death, iv. 36 _sq._

—— hairs of kings, iv. 100, 102, 103

_Grihya-Sûtras_ on the pole-star at marriage, i. 166 _n._ 2; on the burial of a child’s hair, iii. 277

Grimm, J., on the oldest sanctuaries of the Germans, ii. 8 _sq._; on the bride-race, ii. 303 _n._ 3; on a passage of Maximus Tyrius, ii. 362 _n._ 6; on the oak as the principal sacred tree of the ancient Germans, ii. 363 _sq._; on old spell to cure a lame horse, iii. 305 _n._ 1; on the installation of a prince of Carinthia, iv. 155 _n._ 1; on the “carrying out of Death,” iv. 221 _sq._; on the custom of “Sawing the Old Woman,” iv. 240, 244; on hide-measured lands, vi. 250; on need-fire, x. 270 _n._, 272 _sq._; on the relation of the Midsummer fires to Balder, xi. 87 _n._ 6; on the sanctity of the oak, xi. 89; on the oak and lightning, xi. 300

Grinnell, G. B., on human sacrifices among the Pawnees, vii. 239 _n._ 1

Gripes transferred to a duck, ix. 50

Grisons, masquerades to benefit the crops in the, ix. 239; threatening a mist in the, x. 280. _See also_ Graubünden

Grizzly Bear clan of the Carrier Indians, xi. 274

—— bears supposed to be related to human twins, i. 264 _sq._

Groot, Professor J. J. M. de, on the divinity of the emperors of China, i. 416 _sq._; on reported custom of eating first-born children, iv. 180 _n._ 7; on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 275; on the belief in demons in China, ix. 99; on the annual expulsion of devils in China, ix. 145 _sq._; on mugwort in China, xi. 60

_Gros Ventres_, Indian tribe, prepare for war by fasting and lacerating themselves, iii. 161

Gross-Strehlitz, in Silesia, the custom of “carrying out Death” at, iv. 237

Grossvargula, the Grass King at Whitsuntide at, ii. 85 _sq._

Grottkau, precautions against witches in, xi. 20 _n._

Grotto of the Sibyl, at Marsala, v. 247

Ground, custom of sleeping on the, ii. 248; sacred persons not allowed to set foot on the, iii. 3, 4, 6, x. 2 _sqq._; prohibition to sleep on the, iii. 110; warriors not to sit on the, iii. 159, 162, 163, x. 5, 12; executioner not to set foot on the, iii. 180; royal blood not to be shed on the, iii. 241 _sqq._; priestesses not to touch the, vii. 97; last sheaf not to touch the, vii. 158, 159, 161; the bones of salmon not to touch the, viii. 254; priest of Earth not to sit on the, x. 4; girls at puberty not to touch the, x. 22, 33, 35, 36, 60; magical plants not to touch the, xi. 51; mistletoe not to touch the, xi. 280

Grouse, the ruffed, in homoeopathic magic, i. 155; the first, blinded by hunter, viii. 268; clan of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273

Grout, L., on sacrifice of bull at Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 _n._ 3

Grove, Miss Florence, on withered mistletoe, xi. 287 _n._ 1

Grove, sacred, of Nemi, i. 2, 17, xi. 315; of Egeria, i. 18; the Arician, i. 20, 22, ii. 115, 378, iv. 213, ix. 3; sacred, protected by curses, i. 45; Balder’s, x. 104, xi. 315; soul of chief in sacred, xi. 161. _See also_ Arician

Groves, sacred, ii. 9, 10 _sq._, 20, 32, 39, 42, 43 _sqq._; in Chios, i. 45; to Diana, ii. 121; in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. 121 _sqq._; expiation for violating, ii. 122; in West Africa, ii. 322 _n._ 1; apologies for trespass on, ii. 328

Growth and decay of all things associated with the waxing and waning of the moon, vi. 132 _sqq._, 140 _sqq._

Grub in the Grisons, masquerade to benefit the crops at, ix. 239

Grubb, Rev. W. Barbrooke, on the fear of demons among the Lengua Indians, ix. 78 _sq._; on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Lengua Indians, x. 57 _n._ 1

Grueber and d’Orville, Fathers, on the Dalai Lama of Lhasai, i. 412

Gruel of barley-meal and water, drunk as a form of communion with the Barley-goddess at the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 _n._ 4

Grün, in Bohemia, mountain arnica gathered at Midsummer at, xi. 58 _n._ 1

Grunau, Simon, early Prussian chronicler, his account of Romove and its sacred oak, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Grünberg, in Silesia, the harvest Cat at, vii. 281; witches driven away on Walpurgis Night in the district of, ix. 163

Grunting like a wild boar or pig as a charm, ii. 22 _sq._

Guacheta in Colombia, virgin impregnated by the sun at, x. 74

Guadalcanar, one of the Solomon Islands, sacrifice of first-fruits in, viii. 126 _sq._

Guadeloupe, precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289

Guagnini, Alex, on the sacred oak of Romove, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Guami Indians of Panama, concealment of personal names among the, iii. 325

Guanches of Teneriffe, their mode of procuring rain, i. 303

Guarani Indians of South America, their belief as to homoeopathic magic of millet, i. 145

Guaranis of Brazil, their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 56

—— of Paraguay, revered the Pleiades, vii. 309

Guaraunos of the Orinoco, uncleanness of menstruous women among the, x. 85 _sq._

Guarayo Indians, their magic to clear the sky, i. 314

—— Indians of Bolivia, their presentation of children to the moon, vi. 145; ate the powdered bones of their dead, viii. 157

Guardian angels, afterbirth and navel-string regarded as a man’s, xi. 162 _n._ 2

—— deities of cities, iii. 391

“—— gods” of the Hos, vii. 234, viii. 61

—— spirit of child thought to reside in its caul, i. 199 _sq._; as bear, boar, eagle, fox, ox, swan or wolf, i. 200; of family, vii. 121; among the Hos, viii. 60; afterbirth and seed regarded as, xi. 223 _n._ 2; acquired in a dream, xi. 256 _sq._

—— spirits in the form of animals, i. 200, v. 83; of villages in Tonquin, i. 401 _sq._; supposed to reside in people’s heads, iii. 252 _sq._; in serpents, v. 83, 86; dead ancestors worshipped as, viii. 121, 123; among the American Indians, viii. 207; of wild animals exorcized by hunters, ix. 98; masked dances supposed to be derived from, ix. 375 _sqq._

Guardian trees in Sweden, ii. 58

Guatemala, catching the soul of the dying in, iv. 199

——, the Indians of, confession of sins among the, iii. 216; their transference of fatigue to heaps of stones, ix. 10; their offerings at cairns, ix. 26; the _nagual_ or external soul among the, xi. 212 _sq._

——, the Kekchi Indians of, viii. 219, 241

Guatusos of Costa Rica, use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 _n._

Guayana Indians of Brazil, voluntary deaths by being buried alive among the, iv. 12

Guayaquil, in Ecuador, the Indians of, their human sacrifices at sowing,