vii. 312

Gilolo. _See_ Halmahera

Gilyak hunters, taboos observed in their absence by their children, i. 122

—— procession with bear, viii. 322, 325

—— shaman, his exorcism, viii. 103

Gilyaks, their ceremony at felling a tree, ii. 38; do not clearly distinguish animals from men, viii. 206; their respect for dead sables, viii. 238

—— of the Amoor, a Tunguzian people, viii. 190; eat nutlets of stone-pine, v. 278 _n._ 2; their exorcism by means of effigies, viii. 103 _sq._; their bear-festivals, viii. 190 _sqq._; why they put out the eyes of the seals they kill, viii. 267; their belief in demons, ix. 101 _sq._

—— of Saghalien, their customs as to personal names, iii. 370

Ginger in purificatory rites, iii. 105, 151; cultivated, vii. 123

Gingiro, an Ethiopian kingdom, pretence of reluctance to accept the kingdom in, iii. 18 _sq._; wounded kings of, put to death, iv. 34; custom at accession of new king in, iv. 200

Ginzel, Professor F. K., on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 _n._ 1

Gion shrine in Japan, x. 138

Gippsland, in Victoria, the Kurnai of, i. 324, xi. 216; the natives of, concealed their personal names, iii. 331 _sq._

Gipsies. _See_ Gypsies

Giraffes, souls of dead kings incarnate in, vi. 162

Giraldus Cambrensis on transformation of witches into hares, x. 315 _n._ 1

Girdle of wolf’s hide worn by were-wolves, x. 310 _n._ 1

——, sacred, of king of Tahiti, i. 388

Girdles of mugwort worn on St. John’s Day or Eve as preservative against backache, sore eyes, ghosts, magic, and sickness, xi. 59

Girkshausen, in Westphalia, the Yule log at, x. 248

Girl annually sacrificed to cedar-tree, ii. 17

—— and boy produce need-fire by friction of wood, x. 281

Girlachsdorf, in Silesia, the last sheaf called the Old Man at, vii. 138

Girls or women dance to make crops grow tall, i. 139 _n._; married to nets, ii. 147; sacrificed to crocodiles, ii. 152; employed to sow seed, vii. 115; sacrificed for the crops, vii. 237, 239

—— at puberty obliged to touch everything in house, iii. 225 _n._; their hair torn out, iii. 284; ceremonial uncleanness of, viii. 268, 268 _n._ 4; secluded, x. 22 _sqq._; not allowed to touch the ground, x. 22, 33, 35, 36, 60; not allowed to see the sun, x. 22, 35, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 47, 68; not allowed to handle food, x. 23, 28, 36, 40 _sq._, 42; half buried in ground, x. 38 _sqq._; not allowed to scratch themselves with their fingers, x. 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 47, 50, 53, 92; not allowed to lie down, x. 44; said to be wounded by a snake, x. 56; said to be swallowed by a serpent, x. 57; gashed on back, breast, and belly, x. 60; stung by ants, x. 61; beaten severely, x. 61, 66 _sq._; supposed to be attacked by a demon, x. 67 _sq._; not to see the sky, x. 69; forbidden to break bones of hares, x. 73 _n._ 3

—— under puberty used in rain-making, iii. 154

Girls’ race at Olympia, iv. 91

Gisors, sickly children passed through a holed stone near, xi. 188

_Givoy agon_, living fire, in Russia, made by the friction of wood, x. 220

Gladiators at Roman funerals, iv. 96; at Roman banquets, iv. 143

Glamorganshire, cure for warts in, ix. 53; the Vale of, Beltane fires in, x. 154; Midsummer fires in, x. 154, 201, 338

Glands, ashes of Yule log used to cure swollen, x. 251

Glanvil, Joseph, on a witch in the form of a cat, x. 317

Glass, the Magician’s or Druid’s, name for certain beads, x. 16

Glatz, precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, xi. 20 _n._

Glaucus, son of Minos, restored to life, v. 186 _n._ 4

Glawi, in the Atlas, New Year fires at, x. 217

Gleiwitz, in Poland, sacrifice for horses near, ii. 336 _sq._

Glen Farg, Perthshire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157, 157 _n._ 3

—— Mor, in Islay, stone for the cure of toothache in, ix. 62

—— Moriston, Inverness-shire, vii. 162 _n._ 3

Glencoe, the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in, vii. 165

Glencuaich, the hawk of, in a Celtic tale, xi. 127 _sqq._

Glenorchy, the Beltane cake in, x. 149

Glory, the Hand of, a thief’s talisman, i. 149

“——, the Hand of,” mandragora, xi. 316

Gloucester, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Gloucestershire, fires kindled on the Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 318, 321; mistletoe growing on oaks in, xi. 316

Glover, T. R., on a fire-custom of the Telugus, ii. 231 _n._ 6

Glue in homoeopathic magic, i. 157

Gnabaia, a spirit who swallows and disgorges lads at initiation, xi. 235

Gnats, charm against, viii. 280

_Gnid-eld_, need-fire, in Sweden, x. 280

Gniewkowo, in Prussian Lithuania, mummers on Twelfth Day near, viii. 327

Goajira peninsula in Colombia, personal names kept secret among the Indians of, iii. 325

Goajiras of Colombia, set hooks to catch demons, iii. 30 _sq._; the dead not named among the, iii. 352; their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 34 _n._ 1

Goat, blood of, drunk by devil-dancers and priests as means of inspiration, i. 382, 383; prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13; transference of guilt to, iii. 214 _sq._; sacrificed by being hanged, v. 292; in relation to Dionysus, vii. 17 _sq._, viii. 1 _sqq._; torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, vii. 18, viii. 16; sacrificed for human victim, vii. 249; corn-spirit as, vii. 281 _sqq._, viii. 327; last sheaf made up in form of a, vii. 283; killed on harvest-field, vii. 285; stuffed, vii. 287; killed at sowing, vii. 288; the sacred animal of a Bushman tribe, viii. 28 _sq._ _See also_ Goats

—— and Athena, viii. 40 _sq._

——, black, in rain-making ceremonies, i. 250, 291

——, the Cripple or Lame, name given to the last sheaf, vii. 164, 284

Goat-formed deities and spirits of the woods, viii. 1 _sqq._

Goat-skin, mask of, worn by mummers at Carnival, vii. 26; worn by farmer at harvest, vii. 285; hung on pole at sowing and danced round at harvest, vii. 288

—— -skins, mummers at Carnival clad in, vii. 26 _sqq._

Goat’s flesh, taboo as to entering a sanctuary after eating, viii. 85

—— Marsh at Rome, disappearance of Romulus at the, ii. 181, ix. 258

—— neck, name given to last standing corn, vii. 268

Goats fertilized at the Chili stone, ii. 51; sacrificed in ceremonies to fertilize barren women, ii. 316, 318; bred by the people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 _n._ 3; not to be called by their proper name, iii. 415; sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 _n._ 1; torn to pieces by fanatics in Morocco, vii. 21 _sq._; in relation to minor Greek and Roman deities (Satyrs, Fauns, etc.), viii. 1 _sqq._; the testicles of, eaten by lecherous persons, viii. 142; sacrificed to wolves, viii. 284; evil transferred to, ix. 31, 32; as scapegoats, ix. 190, 191, 192. _See also_ Goat

Goats’ horns used as a protection against witches, ix. 161, 162

Goatsucker or fern owl, shadow of the, iii. 82; sex totem of women, xi. 217

_Gobar-bhacach_ (_goabbir bhacagh_), “the lame goat,” name given to the last sheaf in Skye, vii. 164, 284

Gobi, the desert of, ix. 13

Gobir, a Hausa kingdom, infirm kings killed in, iv. 35

God, savage ideas of, different from those of civilized men, i. 375 _sq._; “the most great name” of, iii. 390; the killing and resurrection of a god in the hunting, pastoral, and agricultural stages of society, iv. 221, ix. 1; children of, v. 68; sons of, v. 78 _sqq._; the physical fatherhood of, v. 80 _sq._; gardens of, v. 123, 159; the burning of a, v. 188 _sq._; the hanged, v. 288 _sqq._; killed in animal form, vii. 22 _sq._; the animal enemy of a, originally identical with the god, vii. 23, viii. 16 _sq._, 31; eating the, viii. 48 _sqq._; reasons for eating the, viii. 138 _sq._, 167; dying, as scapegoat, ix. 1, 227; the black and the white, ix. 92; the killing of the, in Mexico, ix. 275 _sqq._; resurrection of the, ix. 400; the dying and risen, in Western Asia, ix. 421 _sq._ _See also_ Gods

——, Aryan, of the thunder and the oak, ii. 356 _sqq._, x. 265

God, Bride of, i. 276

——, the Dying and Reviving, vii. 1, 33

—— on Earth, title of supreme chief of the Bushongo, xi. 264

—— of earthquakes, v. 194 _sqq._

“God-boxes,” inspired priests called, i. 378

—— -man a source of danger, iii. 132; bound by many rules, iii. 419 _sq._

God’s Mouth (_Kirwaido_), supreme lord of the old Prussians, iv. 41 _sq._

Godavari District, in Southern India, the Kois of, v. 95

Goddess, identified with priestess, v. 219; superiority of the, in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, vi. 201 _sq._

Goddesses place infant sons of kings on fire to render them immortal, v. 180; of fertility served by eunuch priests, v. 269 _sq._; their superiority over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, vi. 202 _sqq._; the development of, favoured by mother-kin, vi. 259; personated by women, ix. 238

——, Cilician, v. 161 _sqq._

Godiva, Lady, legend of, i. 284 _n._

Godolphin, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires on, x. 199

Gods viewed as magicians, i. 240 _sqq._, 375; ill-treated in times of drought or excessive rain, i. 296 _sqq._; appeal to the pity of the, as a rain-charm, i. 302 _sq._; sacrifice themselves by fire, i. 315 _n._ 1; conception of, slowly evolved, i. 373 _sq._; in Brahman theology held to have been at first mortal and to have dwelt on earth, i. 373 _n._ 1; gods and men, no sharp line of distinction between, in Fiji, i. 389; the marriage of the, ii. 129 _sqq._; married to women, ii. 129 _sqq._, 143 _sq._, 146 _sq._, 149 _sqq._, vi. 207; created by men in their own likeness, iii. 387, iv. 2 _sq._, 194; their names tabooed, iii. 387 _sqq._; Xenophanes on the, iii. 387; morality of the, iv. 1 _sqq._; succeeded by their sons, iv. 5; exiled for perjury, iv. 70 _n._ 1; progressive amelioration in the character of the, iv. 136; death and resurrection of, v. 6, vii. 1, 12 _sqq._; personated by priests, v. 45, 46 _sqq._, ix. 287; married to sisters, v. 316; made by men and worshipped by women, vi. 211; named the eaters of certain animals, vii. 23; distinguished from spirits, vii. 169; in the likeness of foreigners, vii. 236; shut up in wood, ix. 61; represented in masquerades, ix. 377. _See also_ God _and_ Myths

—— and giants, the battle of, v. 157

—— and goddesses, dramatic weddings of, ii. 121; represented by living men and women, ix. 385 _sq._

Gods and men not sharply distinguished by primitive peoples, i. 373, 374 _sq._; esteemed akin by the ancients, ii. 177

——, incarnate human, i. 373 _sqq._, ii. 377 _sq._; bound by many rules, iii. 419 _sq._

—— of the Maoris, ix. 81

——, Mexican, burn themselves to create the sun, ix. 410

——, Mother of the, in Mexico, ix. 289; woman annually sacrificed in the character of the, ix. 289 _sq._

—— of the Pelew Islanders, ix. 81 _sq._

Goepfritz, in Lower Austria, dramatic contest between Summer and Winter at, iv. 257

Goik, name of puppet carried out at Mid-Lent, iv. 237

Goitre transferred to a peach-tree, ix. 54

Gold as a cure for jaundice, i. 80 _sq._; excluded from some temples, iii. 226 _n._ 8; the flower of chicory to be cut with, xi. 71; root of marsh mallow to be dug with, xi. 80 _n._ 3; buried, revealed by mistletoe and fern-seed, xi. 287 _sqq._, 291

—— and silver as totems, iii. 227 _n._

Gold Coast of West Africa, the Tshi-speaking peoples of the, i. 132, ii. 274 _sq._, iv. 128, v. 69; negroes of the, their sacrifices to trees, ii. 47; iron laid aside in consulting fetishes on the, iii. 228 _sq._; the Awuna tribes of the, iii. 257; expulsion of demons on the, ix. 120, 131, 132 _sq._

—— coin, magic plant to be dug up with a, xi. 57

—— mines, spirits of the, treated with deference, iii. 409 _sq._

Golden Age, the, ix. 306, 353, 386; the reign of Saturn, ix. 306, 344

—— apples, prize in race, ii 301; of the Hesperides, iv. 80

—— axe, sacred tamarisk touched with, xi. 80 _n._ 3

—— bells worn by human representatives of gods in Mexico, ix. 278, 280, 284

—— Bough, xi. 279 _sqq._; plucked by Aeneas, i. 11, ii. 379; the breaking of it not a piece of bravado, i. 123 _sq._; grew on an evergreen oak, ii. 379; and the priest of Aricia, x. 1; a branch of mistletoe, xi. 284 _sqq._, 315 _sqq._; Virgil’s account of the, xi. 284 _sq._, 286, 293 _sq._, 315 _sqq._; origin of the name, xi. 286 _sqq._

“—— Disease,” name for jaundice, i. 80

—— fish, girl’s external soul in a, xi. 147 _sq._, 220

—— fleece, ram with, iv. 162

Golden Flower, the Feast of the, v. 185

—— Garden of the Peruvian Vestals, ii. 244

—— keys to unlock the frozen earth in spring, ii. 333

—— knife, horse slain in sacrifice with a, xi. 80 _n._ 3

—— lamb of Mycenae, i. 365

—— ornaments not to be worn in certain rites, iii. 227 _n._

—— ring worn as a charm, i. 137; half a hero’s strength in a, xi. 143

—— Sea, the, v. 150

—— sickle, mistletoe cut by Druids with a, xi. 77, 88; sacred olive at Olympia cut with a, xi. 80 _n._ 3

—— or silver nails driven into a sacred tree, ii. 36

“—— summer,” the, i. 32

—— sword and golden arrow, external soul of a hero in a, xi. 145

—— swords, youths dancing with, iv. 75

Goldfinch, consumption transferred to a, ix. 52

Goldfish worshipped by Indians of Peru, viii. 250

Goldi, the, of the Lower Amoor, their exorcism by means of effigies, viii. 103 _sq._; bear-festivals of the, viii. 197

Goldi shaman, his exorcism, viii. 103

Goldie, Rev. Hugh, on the fetish king of Calabar, iii. 22 _sq._; on the periodic expulsion of ghosts at Calabar, ix. 204 _n._ 1; on the _ukpong_ or external soul in Calabar, xi. 206

Goldmann, Dr. Emil, on the installation of a prince of Carinthia, iv. 155 _n._ 1

Goldsmith, transmigration of thief into, viii. 299

Goldziher, I., on a festival of the Bedouins of Sinai, iv. 97 _n._ 7

Golgi in Cyprus, conical stones at, v. 35

Goliath, a straw-man stabbed at Whitsuntide, ii. 90; effigy of, carried in procession, xi. 36

—— and David, v. 19 _n._ 2

Gollas, the, of Southern India, their treatment of a woman in childbed,