viii. 134

Arkon, in Rügen, sacred shrine at, ii. 241 _n._ 4

Arks, sacred, of the Cherokees, x. 11 _sq._

Armadillos not to be shot with poisoned arrows, i. 116

_Armengols_, in the Pelew Islands, vi. 265

Armenia, rain-making in, i. 275 _sq._, 277, 282, 285; rain-charm by means of pebbles in, i. 305; rain-charms by means of rocks in, i. 306; the Paulicians of, i. 407; barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 22; new fire after a death in, ii. 267 _n._ 4; worship of Anaitis in, ii. 282 _n._ 3, ix. 369 _n._ 1; sacred prostitution of girls before marriage in, v. 38, 58; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15; were-wolves in, x. 316; sick people creep through cleft trees in, xi. 173

Armenian charms by means of knots and locks, iii. 308

—— church, the day of the Virgin in the, i. 16; bonfires at Candlemas in the, x. 131

—— custom as to extracted teeth, i. 182

—— idea of the sun as a wheel, x. 334 _n._ 1

Armenians, their belief that lightning is produced by means of flints, ii. 374; preserve their cut hair and nails and extracted teeth for use at the resurrection, iii. 280; their festivals of the dead, vi. 65 _sq._; their opinion of the baleful influence of the moon on children, vi. 148; their belief in demons, ix. 107 _sq._

Arms of youths punctured to make them good hunters, x. 58

Army under arms, Flamen Dialis forbidden to see, iii. 13

Arnobius on the Roman custom of keeping perpetual fires, ii. 260

Arnold, Matthew, on the English middle class, iv. 146

Arnstadt, witches burnt at, x. 6

Arran, magical stone in, i. 161; the need-fire in, x. 293

Arrephoroi at Athens, the, ii. 199

Arriaga, J. de, on the Peruvian Maize-mothers, Coca-mothers, and Potato-mothers, vii. 173 _n._

Arrian, on sacrifices to Artemis, ii. 125 _sq._; on Attis, v. 282

Arrows, poisoned, not to be used against certain animals, i. 116; in homoeopathic magic, i. 143; in contagious magic, i. 201, 202; fire-tipped, shot at sun during an eclipse, i. 311; shot as a rain-charm, i. 396; shot at sacred trees as mark of respect, ii. 11; to keep off death, iii. 31; invisible, of demons, ix. 101, 126; used as a love-charm, x. 14

Arsacid house, divinity of Parthian kings of the, i. 417 _sq._

Art, sylvan deities in classical, ii. 45; Demeter and Persephone in, vii. 43 _sq._

Artaxerxes II., his promotion of the worship of Anaitis, ix. 370

Artemis at Ephesus, i. 7; temple dedicated to her by Xenophon, i. 7; the Asiatic, i. 7; vineyards dedicated to, i. 15; at Delos, i. 28; hair of maidens sacrificed to, before marriage, i. 28 _sq._; birthday of, i. 32, ii. 125; a goddess of the wild life of nature, i. 35 _sq._; mated with a male consort, i. 35 _sq._; not originally a virgin goddess, i. 35 _sq._; the patroness of childbirth, i. 37; identified with lewd Asiatic goddesses of love and fertility, i. 37; the birth of, ii. 58; sacrifices to, ii. 125; the Huntress, first-fruits of the chase offered to, ii. 125 _sq._; worshipped by the Celts, ii. 125 _sq._; at Perga, v. 35; name given by Greeks to Asiatic Mother Goddesses, v. 169

Artemis, Aetolian, her sacred grove among the Veneti, i. 27

—— and Apollo, birthdays of, i. 32; the birth of, ii. 58; their priesthood at Ephesus, vi. 243

——, Brauronian, sacrifice of a goat to, viii. 41 _n._ 3

—— of Ephesus, i. 7, 37 _sq._, ii. 128, 136; her image, i. 37 _sq._; in relation to the Virgin Mary, i. 38 _n._ 1; served by eunuch priests, v. 269

—— the Hanged, v. 291

—— and Hippolytus, i. 19 _sq._, 24 _sqq._

——, Laphrian, at Patrae, v. 126 _n._ 2

——, Munychian, sacrifice to, iv. 166 _n._ 1; mock human sacrifice in the ritual of, iv. 215 _sq._

—— _Parthenos_, i. 36

——, Perasian, at Castabala in Cappadocia, v. 115, 167 _sqq._, xi. 14

——, Sarpedonian, in Cilicia, v. 167, 171

——, Savonian, i. 26

——, the Tauric, human sacrifices to, v. 115

—— Tauropolis, v. 275 _n._ 1

——, Wolfish, i. 26 _sq._

Artemisia founds Mausoleum, iv. 94 _sq._; drinks ashes of her husband Mausolus, viii. 158

_Artemisia absinthium_, wormwood, xi. 58 _n._ 3, 61 _n._ 1

—— _laciniata_, garlands of, ix. 284

—— _vulgaris_, mugwort, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 58 _sqq._

Artemision, a Greek month, vi. 239 _n._ 1, viii. 8

_Artictis_, the bear-cat, associated with the spirits of the dead, viii. 294

Artificers, worship of the, viii. 60 _sq._

_Artocarpus integrifolia_, jack wood burnt in exorcism, iv. 216

Artois, mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 59

Arts and crafts, use of spells or incantations in, ix. 81

Aru Archipelago, riddles propounded while a corpse is uncoffined in the, ix. 121 _n._ 3

—— Islands, custom of not sleeping after a death in the, iii. 37, 95; children’s hair deposited on a banana-tree in the, iii. 276; dog’s flesh eaten to make eater brave in the, viii. 145

_Arum acaule_, forbidden as food to the king of Fernando Po, iii. 291

Arunta of Central Australia, magical ceremonies among the, i. 85 _sqq._; custom observed by women during operation of subincision, i. 93 _sq._; the rain or water totem among the, i. 98; burial customs of the, i. 102; cannibalism among the, i. 106; their treatment of the navel-string, i. 183; their rain-making ceremonies, i. 259 _sqq._; their belief as to the ghosts of the slain, iii. 177 _sq._; their fear of women’s blood, iii. 251; ceremonies at the end of mourning among the, iii. 373 _sq._; their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, v. 99, 100; their sacred pole, x. 7; their dread of women at menstruation, x. 77; legend that the ancestors kept their spirits in their _churinga_, xi. 218 _n._ 3; rites of initiation among the, xi. 233 _sq._; initiation of medicine-men among the, xi. 238

Arval Brothers, their holy pots, ii. 203 _sq._; expiation for bringing an iron tool into the sacred grove of the, iii. 226; their wreaths of corn, v. 44 _n._, ix. 232; a Roman college of priests charged with the performance of rites for the crops, vi. 239, ix. 230, 232; their song, ix. 238. _See also_ _Fratres Arvales_

Aryan custom of leading a bride thrice round the hearth of her new home,