vii. 298

“Friendly Society of the Spirit” among the Naudowessies, xi. 267

Friesland, harvest custom in, vii. 268

——, East, the clucking-hen at threshing in, vii. 277

Frigento, Valley of Amsanctus near, v. 204

Frigg or Frigga, the Norse goddess, and Balder, x. 101, 102

Fringes to hide the eyes of girls at puberty, iii. 146, x. 47, 48

Fritsch, G., on Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 _n._ 3

Frodsham, Dr., on aboriginal Australian belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 103 _n._ 3

Frog, slipperiness of, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151; worshipped, i. 294 _sq._; love-charm made from the bone of a, ii. 345; transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299. _See also_ Frogs

Frog-flayer, the, in Whitsuntide pageant, ii. 86

Frogs in homoeopathic magic, i. 155; and ducks imitated in rain-making, i. 255; in relation to rain, i. 292 _sqq._; worshipped by the Newars of Nepaul, i. 294 _sq._; hanged or beheaded by mummers at Whitsuntide, ii. 86 _sq._; maladies transferred to, ix. 50, 53

Frosinone in Latium, burning an effigy of the Carnival at, iv. 22 _sq._

Froth from a mill-wheel as a charm against witches, ii. 340

Fruit-bearer, epithet of Demeter, vii. 63

—— -trees, grove of, round temple of Artemis, i. 7; Diana a patroness of, i. 15 _sq._; homoeopathic magic in relation to, i. 140 _sq._, 142, 143, 145; fertilized by fruitful women, i. 140 _sq._; barren, clothed in woman’s petticoat to make them bear, i. 142; barren women thought to make fruit-trees barren, i. 142; various superstitions as to, i. 143, 145; girt with ropes of straw on Christmas Eve in Germany, ii. 17; fear to fell, ii. 19; threatened to make them bear fruit, ii. 20-22, x. 114; barren women fertilized by, ii. 56 _sq._, 344; worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure, vi. 111; Dionysus a god of, vii. 3 _sq._; bound with Yule straw, vii. 301; presided over by dead chiefs, viii. 125; wrapt in straw during the Twelve Nights as a precaution against evil spirits, ix. 164; fire applied to, on Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 317; Midsummer fires lit under, x. 215; shaken at Christmas to make them bear fruit, x. 248; fumigated with smoke of need-fire, x. 280; fertilized by burning torches, x. 340

Fruitful tree, use of stick cut from a, ix. 264

Fruits blessed on day of Assumption of the Virgin, i. 14 _sqq._; Artemis and Diana as patronesses of, i. 15 _sq._

—— and roots, wild, ceremonies at gathering the first of the season, viii. 80 _sqq._

Fuegian charm to make the wind drop, i. 320

Fuegians, their mode of kindling fire, ii. 258; their procedure at cutting hair, iii. 282

_Fuga daemonum_, St. John’s wort, xi. 55

Fukhien, fear of tree-spirits in, ii. 14

Fulda, the Lord of the Wells at, xi. 28

Fulgora, a Roman goddess, vi. 231

Fumigating flocks and herds at the Parilia on April 21st, ii. 229, 326, 327

Fumigation with laurel, i. 384; of flocks and herds as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 327, 330, 335, 336, 339, 343; with incense a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336; as a mode of ceremonial purification, iii. 155, 177, 424; of flocks by shepherds, viii. 42, 43; as a mode of cultivating moral virtues, viii. 166 _sq._; with juniper and rue as a precaution against witches, ix. 158; of pastures at Midsummer to drive away witches and demons, x. 170; of crops with smoke of bonfires, x. 201, 337; of fruit-trees, nets, and cattle with smoke of need-fire, x. 280; of byres with juniper, x. 296; of sheep and cattle in Africa, xi. 12, 13; of trees with wild thyme on Christmas Eve, xi. 64

Fünen, in Denmark, cure for childish ailments at, xi. 191

Funeral of Drought, a rain-making ceremony, i. 274; of Kostroma, iv. 261 _sqq._; of caterpillars, viii. 279; of dead snake, viii. 317; of Death, ix. 205; relations whipped at a, ix. 260 _sq._

Funeral customs in Ceos, i. 105; intended to save the souls of survivors, iii. 51 _sqq._, xi. 18; of old Prussians and Lithuanians, iii. 238; of the Patagonians, v. 194; of the Mongols, v. 293; in Madagascar, vi. 247; in Tahiti, viii. 97; in Chamba, ix. 45; in Uganda, ix. 45 _n._ 2; of the Michemis, x. 5; observed by mourners in order to escape from the ghost, xi. 174 _sqq._

—— games, iv. 92 _sqq._

—— pyre of Roman emperor, v. 126 _sq._

—— rites, certain, perhaps intended to ensure reincarnation, i. 101 _sqq._; performed for a father in fifth month of his wife’s pregnancy, iv. 189; denied to those who have been hanged, iv. 282; of the Egyptians a copy of those performed over Osiris, vi. 15; of Osiris, described in inscription of Denderah, vi. 86 _sqq._

Funerals, personation of the illustrious dead at Roman, ii. 178; in China, custom as to shadows at, iii. 80; exorcism of ghosts after, iii. 106 _sq._; mock human sacrifices at, iv. 216; bullocks as scapegoats at, ix. 37; the tug-of-war at, ix. 174 _sq._ _See also_ Burial, Burials

Furfo, temple of Jupiter Liber at, iii. 230

Furies, invocation of the, by their names, iii. 390; their snakes, v. 88 _n._ 1

Furnace, walking through a fiery, as a religious rite, xi. 3 _sqq._

Furness, W. H., on prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, vi. 266; on passing under an archway, xi. 179 _sq._, 180 _n._ 1

Furnivall, J. S., on the last sheaf at rice-harvest, vii. 190 _sq._

Furrow drawn round village as protection against epidemic, ix. 172

Fürstenwald, athletic competition after harvest in villages near, vii. 76; the harvest Cock at, vii. 276

Furth in Bavaria, the Slaying of the Dragon at, ii. 163 _sqq._

Furtwängler, A., on Diana at Nemi, i. 16 _n._ 2; on rain-making at Crannon, i. 309 _n._ 6

Futuna, island in the South Pacific, inspired king in, i. 388 _sq._; boxing-matches in honour of the dead in, iv. 97

_Fylgia_, guardian spirit of child, i. 200

Fytche, A., on the execution of royal criminals in Burma, iii. 242

Gabb, W. M., on ceremonial uncleanness among the Indians of Costa Rica, x. 65 _n._ 1

Gablingen, in Swabia, the Oats-goat at reaping at, vii. 282

Gablonz, in Bohemia, Midsummer bed of flowers at, xi. 57

Gaboon, circumcision among the dwarf tribes of the, i. 95 _n._ 4; Mpongwe kings of the, vi. 104; negroes of the, regulate their planting by the moon, vi. 134; the Mpongwe of the, their mode of agriculture, vii. 119; birth-trees in the, xi. 160; theory of the external soul in the, xi. 200 _sq._

Gabriel, the archangel, iii. 302, 303; in a Malay charm, i. 58

Gacko, need-fire at, x. 286

Gad, Semitic god of fortune, v. 164, 165

Gadabursi, a Somali tribe, milk-drinking after marriage among the, vi. 246

Gadbas, the, of the Central Provinces in India, offer the first-fruits to the cattle, viii. 118 _sq._

Gades (Cadiz), worship of Hercules (Melcarth) at, v. 112 _sq._; temple of Melcarth at, vi. 258 _n._ 5

Gage, Thomas, on _naguals_ among the Indians of Guatemala, xi. 213

Gaidoz, H., on the custom of passing sick people through cleft trees, xi. 171

Gaj, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Gaktei, the, of New Britain, called “rotten tree-trunks” by their foes,