xi. 209

—— Town, in Guinea, human sacrifices to the river at, ii. 158; periodic expulsion of demons at, ix. 204 _n._ 1

Duke of York Island, xi. 199 _n._ 2; the natives of, pay the fish for those which they catch, viii. 252; Duk-duk society in, xi. 247; exogamous classes in, xi. 248 _n._

Dukkala, in Morocco, New Year customs in, x. 218

Dulyn, the tarn of, on Snowdon, i. 307

Dumannos, a month of the Gallic calendar, ix. 343

Dumbartonshire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157 _sq._, 218 _n._ 2; harvest custom in, vii. 268; Hallowe’en in, x. 237 _n._ 5

Dumfriesshire, mode of cutting the last standing corn in, vii. 154

Dummies to avert attention of ghosts or demons, viii. 96 _sqq._

“Dumping” people on harvest field, vii. 226 _sq._

Dumplings in human form at threshing, vii. 148; in form of pigs at harvest supper, vii. 299

Dunbeath, in Caithness, need-fire at, x. 291

Duncan, Mr., on the ceremonial cannibalism of the coast tribes of British Columbia, vii. 18 _sq._

Dung-beetle imitated by actor or dancer, ix. 381

Dunkeld, Hallowe’en fires near, x. 232

Dunkirk, procession of giants on Midsummer Day at, xi. 34 _sq._

Dunvegan, the laird of, supposed to attract herring, i. 368

Duplication of deities, vii. 212 _sq._, ix. 405 _sq._; an effect of dialectical differences, ii. 382 _sq._

Duran, Diego, Spanish historian of Mexico, ix. 295 _n._ 1; on the human representative of Xipe, “the Flayed God,” ix. 297; on the date of the festival of the flaying of men, ix. 300 _n._ 1

Durandus, G. (W. Durantis), his _Rationale Divinorum Officiorum_, x. 161

Durga, image of, in a magical ceremony, i. 65

Durham, Miss M. E., on Albanian superstition as to portraits, iii. 100

Durham, the _mell_ or _kirn_ at harvest in, vii. 151; Easter candle in the cathedral of, x. 122 _n._

Durian-tree threatened in order to make it bear fruit, ii. 20 _sq._

Durostorum in Moesia, martyrdom of St. Dasius at, ii. 310 _n._ 1; celebration of the Saturnalia at, ix. 309

Dürrenbüchig, in Baden, the last sheaf called Goat at, vii. 283

Durris, parish of Kincardineshire, Midsummer fires in the, x. 206 _sq._

Durrow, the oaks of, ii. 242

Dusk of the Evening, prayers of girl at puberty to the, x. 53

Dussaud, Réné, on stones deposited at shrines, ix. 22 _n._ 2

Düsseldorf, Shrove Tuesday custom in the district of, x. 120

Dussera festival in Behar, i. 279

Dusuns of Borneo, their suspicion of novelties, iii. 230; their annual expulsion of evils, ix. 200 _sq._

Dutch custom at the madder-harvest, vii. 231; names for mistletoe, xi. 319 _n._ 1

Dux, in the Tyrol, “striking down the dog” at harvest at, vii. 273

Dwandwes, a Zulu tribe, change of name for the sun among the, iii. 376 _sq._

Dwarf-elder at Midsummer detects witchcraft, xi. 64

Dwarf tribes of Central Africa, their custom at circumcision, i. 95 _n._ 4; said not to know how to make fire, ii. 255

Dyak medicine-men, homoeopathic cure effected by, i. 84; their use of crystals in divination, iii. 56

Dyak mode of fishing for a lost soul, iii. 38

—— sorcerer, his use of effigies to heal a child, viii. 102

—— stories of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 126 _sqq._

—— taboos observed in absence of hunters, i. 120

—— warriors shear their hair on their return, iii. 261

Dyaks, the, of Borneo, ceremony to aid a woman in childbirth among, i. 73 _sq._; telepathy in war among, i. 127; their way of strengthening their souls, i. 159 _sq._; their ascription of souls to trees, ii. 13; believe that the souls of those who die by accident or drowning pass into trees, animals, or fish, ii. 30 _sq._; call on tree-spirit to quit tree before it is felled, ii. 37; their custom at felling a jungle, ii. 38; their belief as to the blighting effects of sexual crimes, ii. 108 _sq._; their use of effigies to heal the sick, iii. 63 _n._ 2, viii. 100 _sq._, 102; their mode of securing the souls of their enemies, iii. 71 _sq._; extract the souls of captured foes, iii. 72 _n._ 1; taboos as to tying knots during a woman’s pregnancy among, iii. 294; children called the fathers or mothers of their first cousins among, iii. 332 _sq._; names of relations tabooed among, iii. 339 _sq._; their belief as to the spirit of gold, iii. 409 _sq._; taboos observed by, in digging for gold, iii. 410; sacrifice cattle instead of human victims, iv. 166 _n._ 1; practice of swinging among their medicine-men, iv. 280 _sq._; their whole life dominated by religion, vii. 98; their ceremonies to secure the rice-soul, vii. 188 _sq._; their sun-dial, vii. 314 _n._ 4; their use of images to deceive demons of plague, viii. 100 _sq._; their festival of first-fruits, viii. 122; will not let warriors eat venison lest it make them timid, viii. 144; their unwillingness to kill crocodiles, viii. 209; their ceremonies at killing crocodiles, viii. 209 _sqq._; their priestesses, ix. 5; their transference of evil, ix. 5; their “lying heaps,” ix. 14; their mode of neutralizing bad omens, ix. 39; their Head Feast, ix. 383; birth-trees among, xi. 164; trees and plants as life indices among, xi. 164 _sq._; their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222. _See also_ Sea Dyaks

—— of Landak and Tajan, marriage custom of the, x. 5; birth-trees among the, xi. 164

—— of Pinoeh, their custom at a birth, xi. 154 _sq._

—— of Poelopetak, their words for soul, vii. 182 _sq._

—— of Sarawak, their belief in the power of the Rajah to fertilize the rice-crops, i. 361 _sq._; their custom at rice harvest and sowing, ii. 48; story of their descent from a fish, iv. 126; their custom of swinging at harvest feast, iv. 277; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 314; eat parts of slain foes, viii. 152

——, the Sea, or Ibans, of Sarawak, viii. 279; rules observed by women among, while the men are at war, i. 127 _sq._; their sacred trees, ii. 40 _sq._; their sorcerers supposed to hook departing souls, iii. 30; their modes of recalling the soul, iii. 47 _sq._, 52 _sq._, 55 _sq._, 60, 67; taboos observed by head-hunters among, iii. 166 _sq._; their propitiation of dead omen birds, iv. 126; their sacrifices during an epidemic, iv. 176 _n._ 1; their custom of head-hunting, v. 295 _sq._; the idea of metampsychosis among, viii. 294 _sq._; their modes of protecting their farms against mice, viii. 279; their festival of departed spirits, ix. 154

Dying at ebb tide, i. 167 _sq._; custom of catching the souls of the, iv. 198 _sqq._; by deputy, iv. 56, 160

Dying god as scapegoat, ix. 227

—— and Reviving God, vii. 1, 33

—— and risen god, the, in Western Asia, ix. 421 _sq._

Dynder, in Herefordshire, sin-eater at, ix. 43

Dziewanna, puppet representing the goddess of spring in Polish districts of Silesia, iv. 246

Ea, Babylonian god, v. 9; the inventor of magic, i. 240

Eabani, Babylonian hero, his death and resurrection, ix. 398 _sq._

Eagle, guardian spirit as, i. 200; tree on which an eagle has built its nest deemed holy, ii. 11; the bird of Jove, ii. 175; soul in form of, iii. 34; to carry soul to heaven, v. 126 _sq._; sacrifice to, x. 152

——, double-headed, Hittite emblem, v. 133 _n._

Eagle bone, used to drink out of, x. 45

—— clan of the Niskas, xi. 271, 272 _n._ 1

—— hawk totem, i. 162; legs of boys beaten with leg-bone of, to make them strong, viii. 165 _n._ 2; external soul of medicine-man in, xi. 199

—— hunters, taboos observed by, i. 116, iii. 198 _sq._; taboos observed by the wives and children of, i. 119; charms employed by, i. 149 _sq._

Eagle-owl worshipped by the Ainos, viii. 199 _sq._

—— -spirits and buried treasures, x. 218

—— -wood, telepathy in search for, i. 120; special language employed by searchers for, iii. 404

Eagle’s gall in homoeopathic magic, i. 154

—— tongue torn out and worn as talisman, viii. 270

Eagles not called by their proper names, iii. 399; worshipped by the Ainos, viii. 200; propitiation of dead, viii. 236

——, sacred among the Ostyaks, ii. 11

Eames, W., on voluntary substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 273

Ear of corn, reaped, displayed to the initiates at the Eleusinian mysteries, ii. 138 _sq._, vii. 38; emblem of Demeter, v. 166

Ears cleansed by serpents, i. 158; stopped to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31; of sacrificial victims cut off, iv. 97; of seers licked by serpents, vii. 147 _n._ 1; regarded as the seat of intelligence, vii. 148; of brave men eaten, viii. 148; of dead enemies cut out, viii. 271 _sq._; blood drawn from, as penance, ix. 292

Earth, inspired priestess of, i. 381 _sq._; from a grave, magical uses of, i. 147 _sq._, 150; spring festival of the marriage of, ii. 76 _sq._, 94; conceived by the Greeks as the Mother of corn, cattle, and human beings, ii. 128 _n._ 4; praying to Zeus for rain, image of, ii. 359; festival in honour of, iii. 247; subterranean, sacrifices to, vii. 66; Lithuanian prayers to the, viii. 49; the spirit of, worshipped before sowing, viii. 120; first berries of the season offered to the, viii. 133 _sq._; taboos observed by the priest of, in Southern Nigeria, x. 4; prayers to, x. 50

——, the goddess, mother of Typhon, v. 156

——, Grandmother, the cause of earthquakes, v. 198

—— and heaven, between, xi. 1 _sqq._

——, the Mistress of the, ix. 85

——, Mother, v. 27; prayed to for rain, i. 283; festival of, v. 90; vicarious sacrifices offered to, viii. 105

——, the Nursing-Mother at Athens, vii. 89 _n._ 2

—— and sky, myth of their violent separation, v. 283

——, the spirit of the, worshipped before sowing, viii. 120

—— and Sun, marriage of the, ii. 98 _sq._, 148

Earth-demons dreaded by Tibetans, viii. 96

—— -god, vii. 69, ix. 28, 61; the Egyptian, ix. 341

—— -goddess, sacrifice for rain to, i. 291; pregnant cows sacrificed to, ii. 229; annually married to Sun-god, v. 47 _sq._; disturbed by the operations of husbandry, v. 88 _sqq._; married to Sky-god, v. 282, with _n._ 2; distinguished from Demeter, vii. 41, 43, 89; in Greek art, vii. 89; human sacrifices offered to, vii. 245, 246, 249, 250; first-fruits of maize offered to the, viii. 115

—— -gods, slaves of the, viii. 61, 62 _n._ 1

—— -mothers, name given to maize-spadices growing as twins, vii. 173 _n._

—— -spirits possess the ore in mines, iii. 407 _n._ 2; disturbed by agriculture, v. 89

Earthman, the, representing the god of the earth, ix. 61

Earthquake god, v. 194 _sqq._

Earthquakes supposed to be caused by indulgence in illicit love, ii. 111 _n._ 3; attempts to stop, v. 196 _sqq._; Manichean theory of, v. 197

Earthworms eaten by dancing girls, viii. 147

Easing nature, a charm used by robbers, vii. 235

East, the ascetic idealism of the, ii. 117; mother-kin and Mother Goddesses in the ancient, vi. 212 _sqq._; the Wise Men of the, ix. 330 _sq._

—— Indian evidence of the belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 298 _n._ 2

East Indian islands, epilepsy transferred to leaves in the, ix. 2; demons of sickness expelled in little ships in the, ix. 185

—— Indies, pregnant women forbidden to tie knots in the, iii. 294; everything in house opened to facilitate childbirth in the, iii. 297; reluctance of persons to tell their names in the, iii. 328; the Rice-mother in the, vii. 180 _sqq._; sacrifices of first-fruits in the, viii. 122 _sqq._; the tug-of-war in the, ix. 177

Easter, rolling down a slope at, ii. 103; first Sunday after, iv. 249; custom of swinging on the four Sundays before, iv. 284; gardens of Adonis at, in Sicily, v. 253 _sq._; resemblance of the festival of, to the rites of Adonis, v. 254 _sqq._, 306; the festival of, assimilated to the spring festival of Attis, v. 306 _sqq._; controversy between Christians and pagans as to the origin of, v. 309 _sq._; White Russian custom at, to preserve the corn from hail, vii. 300; an old vernal festival of the vegetation-god, ix. 328; fern-seed blooms at, xi. 292 _n._ 2

Easter candle, x. 121, 122, 125

—— ceremonies in the New World, x. 127 _sq._

—— eggs, ix. 269, x. 108, 143, 144

—— Eve, in Albania, expulsion of Kore on, iv. 265, ix. 157; grain of Corn-mother scattered among the young corn on, vii. 134; new fire on, x. 121, 124, 126, 158; the fern blooms at, xi. 66

—— fires, x. 120 _sqq._

—— Islanders, their modes of killing animals, iii. 247; their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 133

—— Man, burning the, x. 144

—— Monday, festival of Green George on, ii. 76; “Easter Smacks” on, ix. 268; fire-custom on, x. 143

—— Mountains, bonfires at Easter on, x. 140, 141

—— Saturday, barren fruit-trees threatened on, ii. 22; new fire on, x. 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 130; the divining-rod baptized on, xi. 69

“—— Smacks” in Germany and Austria, ix. 268 _sq._

—— Sunday, vii. 33; ceremony observed by the gipsies of South-Eastern Europe on the evening of, ix. 207 _sq._; red eggs on, x. 122

—— Tuesday, swinging on, iv. 283; “Easter Smacks” on, ix. 268, 270 _n._

Eastertide, death and resurrection of Kostrubonko at, iv. 261; expulsion of evils at, in Calabria, ix. 157

Eater of animals, as epithet of a god, vii. 23

“—— of the Dead,” fabulous Egyptian monster, vi. 14

Eating out of sacred vessels, supposed effect of, iii. 4; together, covenant formed by, iii. 130; piece of slain man, custom obligatory on the slayer, iii. 174; the bodies of aged relations, custom of, iv. 14

—— and drinking, taboos on, iii. 116 _sqq._; fear of being seen in the act of, iii. 117 _sqq._

—— the god, viii. 48 _sqq._; among the Aztecs, viii. 86 _sqq._; reasons for, viii. 138 _sq._, 167

—— the soul of the rice, viii. 54

Eaves, rain-drops from, in magic, i. 253

Eavesdropping, divination by, x. 238, 243, 244

Ebb tide, death at, i. 167 _sq._

Echinadian Islands, death of the Great Pan announced at the, iv. 6

Echternach in Luxemburg, Lenten fire-custom at, x. 116

Eck, R. van, on the belief in demons in Bali, ix. 86

Eckstein, Miss L., on hunting the wren, viii. 317 _n._ 2

Eclipse, ceremonies at an, i. 311 _sq._

—— of the moon, custom of the Indians of the Orinoco at an, i. 311; Athenian superstition as to an, vi. 141

—— of the sun, burning arrows shot into the air at an, i. 311; practice of the Kamtchatkans at an, i. 312; practice of the Chilcotin Indians at an, i. 312, iv. 77

—— of the sun and moon, belief of the Tahitians as to, iv. 73 _n._ 2

Eclipses attributed to monster biting or attacking the sun or moon, i. 311 _n._ 1, x. 70, 162 _n._; air thought to be poisoned at, x. 162 _n._

Ecliptic perhaps mimicked in dances, iv. 77

Economic history, the discovery of agriculture the greatest advance in,