ix. 369, 389;

identified with Artemis, i. 37 _n._ 2; served by prostitutes at Acilisena, in Armenia, ii. 282 _n._ 3, v. 38, ix. 369 _n._ 1; her sanctuary at Zela, ix. 370, 421 _n._ 1; associated with the Sacaea, ix. 355, 368, 369, 402 _n._ 1; identified with Aphrodite, ix. 369 _n._ 1, 389

Anammelech, burnt sacrifice of children to, iv. 171

Anansa, tutelary god of Old Calabar, ii. 42

_Anassa_, “Queen,” title of goddess, v. 35 _n._ 2

_Anatomie of Abuses_, ii. 66

Anazarba or Anazarbus, in Cilicia, the olives of, ii. 107; Zeus at, v. 167 _n._ 1

Ancestor, wooden image of, xi. 155

—— -worship among the Bantu peoples, ii. 221, vi. 176 _sqq._; in relation to fire-worship, ii. 221; among the Khasis of Assam, vi. 203; combined with mother-kin tends to a predominance of goddesses over gods in religion, vi. 211 _sq._; in Fiji, xi. 243 _sq._

Ancestors, prayers to, i. 285, 286, 287, 345, 352, vii. 105; skulls of, in rain-charm, i. 285; sacrifices to, i. 290 _sq._, 339; souls of, in trees, ii. 29, 30, 31, 32, 317; represented by sacred fire-sticks, ii. 214, 216, 222 _sqq._; dead, regarded as mischievous beings, ii. 221; souls of, in the fire on the hearth, ii. 232; propitiation of, by rubbing their skulls, iii. 197; names of, bestowed on their reincarnations, iii. 368 _sq._; reborn in their descendants, iii. 368 _sq._; propitiation of deceased, v. 46; images of, viii. 53; offerings of first-fruits to spirits of, viii. 111, 112, 113, 116, 117, 119, 121, 123, 124, 125; worshipped as guardian spirits, viii. 121, 123; spirits of, take up their abode in their skulls or in images, viii. 123; images of, viii. 124; dead, worshipped as gods, viii. 125; fear of the spirits of, ix. 76 _sq._

Ancestral Contest at the _Haloa_, vii. 61; at the Eleusinian Games, vii. 71, 74, 77; at the Festival of the Threshing-floor, vii. 75

—— skulls used in magic, i. 163

—— spirits worshipped at the hearth, ii. 216 _sq._, 221 _sq._; cause sickness, iii. 53; sacrifices to, iii. 104, vi. 175, 178 _sq._, 180, 181 _sq._, 183 _sq._, 190; on shoulders of medicine-men, v. 74 _n._ 4; incarnate in serpents, v. 82 _sqq._, xi. 211; in the form of animals, v. 83; worshipped by the Bantu tribes of Africa, vi. 174 _sqq._; prayers to, vi. 175 _sq._, 178 _sq._, 183 _sq._; on the father’s and on the mother’s side, the two distinguished, vi. 180, 181; propitiation of, ix. 86. _See also_ Ancestors _and_ Dead

—— tree, fire kindled from, ii. 221, 223 _sq._

Anchiale in Cilicia, v. 144; monument of Sardanapalus at, v. 172

Ancient deities of vegetation as animals, viii. 1 _sqq._

Ancona, sarcophagus of St. Dasius at, ii. 310 _n._ 1, ix. 310

Ancus Martius, Roman king, said to have murdered his predecessor, ii. 181 _n._ 5; his maternal descent, ii. 270 _n._ 4; his death, ii. 320

Andalusia, guisers in, ix. 173

Andaman Islanders, said to be ignorant of the art of making fire, ii. 253; perhaps first got fire from volcano, ii. 256 _n._ 2; regard their reflections as their souls, iii. 92; their ideas as to shooting stars, iv. 60; boar’s fat poured on novice at initiation among the, viii. 164

Andaman Islands, mourning custom in the, iii. 183 _n._; cat’s cradle in the, vii. 103 _n._ 1

Andania in Messenia, grove of the Great Goddesses at, ii. 122; mysteries of, iii. 227 _n._; sacred men and women at, v. 76 _n._ 3

Anderida, forest of, ii. 7

Anderson, J. D., on the winds of Assam, ix. 176 _n._ 3

Anderson, Miss, of Barskimming, ix. 169 _n._ 2, x. 171 _n._ 3

Andes, the Colombian, i. 416

——, the Peruvian, net to catch the sun in, i. 316; the Indians of, their thunder-god, ii. 370; Indians of, their fear of the sea, iii. 10; cairns in, to which passing Indians add stones, ix. 9, 10; effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 128

Andjra, a district of Morocco, magical virtue of rain-water in, x. 17; Midsummer fires in, x. 213 _sq._; Midsummer rites of water in, x. 216; animals bathed at Midsummer in, xi. 31

Andreas, parish of, in the Isle of Man, x. 224, 305, 307 _n._ 1

Andree, Dr. Richard, ix. 246 _n._ 1; on the Pleiades in primitive calendars, vii. 307

—— -Eysn, Mrs., on the processions and masquerades of the _Perchten_, ix. 245 _sq._, 249

Andriamasinavalona, a Hova king, vicarious sacrifice for, vi. 221

Andromeda and Perseus, ii. 163

Anemone, the scarlet, sprung from the blood of Adonis, v. 226

Ang Teng, in Burma, sacred fish at, viii. 291

_Angakok_, Esquimaux wizard or sorcerer, iii. 211, 212

Angamis (Angami), a Naga tribe of Assam, death custom among the, iv. 13; their human sacrifices, vii. 244; spare butterflies, viii. 291

Angass, the, of Manipur, their rain-making, i. 252; a tribe of the Brahmapootra, their custom of stabbing those who die a natural death, iv. 13; believe that the souls of the dead are in butterflies, viii. 291

——, the, of Northern Nigeria, their belief in external human souls lodged in animals, xi. 210

Angel, need-fire revealed by an, x. 287

—— dance, the, viii. 328

—— of Death, iv. 177 _sq._

Angel, the Destroying, over Jerusalem, v. 24

—— -man, effigy of, burnt at Midsummer, x. 167

Angelus bell, the, x. 110, xi. 47

Angla, on the Slave Coast, prohibition to ride on horseback in, viii. 45

Angola, the Matiamvo of, iv. 35

——, the Ovakumbi of, i. 318 _n._ 6; the Mucelis of, ii. 262; the Bangalas of, ii. 293; Humbe in, iii. 6; the negroes of, speak respectfully of lions, iii. 400; Cassange in, iv. 56, 203

Angoni, the, of British Central Africa, their way of stopping rain, i. 263; their sacrifices for rain and fine weather, i. 291; drive away the ghosts of the slain, iii. 174; purification of manslayers among the, iii. 176; custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 _n._ 1; ceremony of standing on one leg among the, iv. 156 _n._ 2; sham burial to deceive demons among the, viii. 99; eat parts of enemies to acquire their qualities, viii. 149

Angoniland, British Central Africa, rain-making in, i. 250; the Nyanja-speaking tribes of, viii. 26; customs as to girls at puberty in, x. 25 _sq._; customs as to salt in, x. 27

Angoulême, poplar burned on St. Peter’s day in, ii. 141

Angoy, the king of, must have no bodily defect, iv. 39

Angus, belief as to the weaning of children in, vi. 148; superstitious remedy for the “quarter-ill” in, x. 296 _n._ 1

Anhalt, custom at sowing in, i. 139, v. 239; harvest customs in, vii. 226, 233, 279; Easter bonfires in, x. 140

Anhouri, Egyptian god, the mummy of, iv. 4 _sq._

Animal, corn-spirit as an, vii. 270 _sqq._; killing the divine, viii. 169 _sqq._; worshipful, killed once a year and promenaded from door to door, viii. 322; bewitched, or part of it, burnt to compel the witch to appear, x. 303, 305, 307 _sq._, 321 _sq._; sickness transferred to, xi. 181; and man, sympathetic relation between, xi. 272 _sq._

—— embodiments of the corn-spirit, on the, vii. 303 _sqq._

—— enemy of god originally identical with god, vii. 23, viii. 16 _sq._, 31

—— familiars of wizards and witches, xi. 196 _sq._, 201 _sq._

—— form, god killed in, vii. 22 _sq._

—— food, supposed acquisition of virtues or vices through, viii. 139

—— god, two types of the custom of killing the, viii. 312 _sq._

Animal masks worn by Egyptian kings and others, ii. 133, iv. 72, vii. 260 _sq._; worn by mummers at Carnival, viii. 333

—— sacrament, types of, viii. 310 _sqq._

Animals, homoeopathic magic of, i. 150 _sqq._; association of ideas common to the, i. 234; rain-making by means of, i. 287 _sqq._; spirits of plants in shape of, ii. 14; injured through their shadows, iii. 81 _sq._; propitiation of spirits of slain, iii. 190, 204 _sq._; atonement for slain, iii. 207; blood of, not allowed to fall on ground, iii. 247; dangerous, not called by their proper names, iii. 396 _sqq._; thought to understand human speech, iii. 398 _sq._, 400; sacred to kings, iv. 82, 84 _sqq._; transformations into, iv. 82 _sqq._, xi. 207; sacrificed by being hanged, v. 289 _sq._, 292; and plants, edible, savage lamentations for, vi. 43 _sq._; dead kings and chiefs incarnate in, vi. 162, 163 _sq._, 173, 193; sacrificed to prolong the life of kings, vi. 222; torn to pieces and devoured raw in religious rites, vii. 17, 18, 19, 20 _sqq._; regarded as unclean were originally sacred, viii. 24; belief in the descent of men from, viii. 25; spirits of ancestors in, viii. 123; language of, acquired by eating serpent’s flesh, viii. 146; resurrection of viii. 200 _sq._, 256 _sqq._; and men, savages fail to distinguish accurately between, viii. 204 _sqq._; wild, propitiation of, by hunters, viii. 204 _sqq._; apologies offered by savages to animals for killing them, viii. 221 _sqq._; bones of, not to be broken, viii. 258 _sq._; bones of, not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, viii. 259; savage faith in the immortality of, viii. 260 _sqq._; transmigration of human souls into, viii. 285 _sqq._; two forms of the worship of, viii. 311; processions with sacred, viii. 316 _sqq._; transference of evil to, ix. 31 _sqq._, 49 _sqq._; as scapegoats, ix. 31 _sqq._, 190 _sqq._, 208 _sqq._, 216 _sq._; guardian spirits of, ix. 98; prayed to, ix. 236; dances taught by, ix. 237; imitated in dances, ix. 376, 377, 381, 382; burnt alive as a sacrifice in England, Wales, and Scotland, x. 300 _sqq._; witches transformed into, x. 315 _sqq._, xi. 311 _sq._; bewitched, buried alive, x. 324 _sqq._; live, burnt at Spring and Midsummer festivals, xi. 38 _sqq._; the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 _sq._, 43 _sq._; the language of, learned by means of fern-seed, xi. 66 _n._; external soul in, xi. 196 _sqq._; helpful, in fairy tales. _See_ Helpful

Animism, the Buddhist, not a philosophical theory, ii. 13 _sq._; passing into polytheism, ii. 45; passing into religion, iii. 213

_Aninga_, aquatic plant in Brazil, ix. 264

_Anitos_, spirits of ancestors, in Luzon, ii. 30, viii. 124

Anjea, mythical being, who causes conception in women, i. 100, 184, v. 103

_Ankenmilch bohren_, to make the need-fire, x. 270 _n._

Anklets, as amulets, iii. 315; made of human sinews, worn by king of Uganda, vi. 224 _sq._

Ankole, in Central Africa, the Bahima of, vi. 190, viii. 288, x. 80

Anna, sister of Dido, v. 114 _n._ 1

Anna Kuari, an Oraon goddess, human sacrifices to, vii. 244

Annals of Tigernach and Ulster, ii. 286

Annam, rain-making ceremonies in caves of, i. 301 _sq._; the Chams of, ii. 159; dangers apprehended from women in childbed in, iii. 155; ceremonies observed when a whale is washed ashore in, iii. 223; wild beasts spoken of respectfully in, iii. 403; natives of, their indifference to death, iv. 136 _sq._; offerings to the dead in spring in, v. 235 _n._ 1; annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 62 _sqq._; inauguration of spring by means of an effigy of an ox in, viii. 13 _sq._; mountaineers of, sacrifice to their nets, viii. 240 _n._ 1; demons of sickness transferred to fowls in, ix. 33; demon of cholera sent away on a raft from, ix. 190; explanation of human mortality in, ix. 303; dread of menstruous women in, x. 85; use of wormwood to avert demons in, xi. 61 _n._ 1

Annamite tale of a bleeding tree, ii. 33

Annamites, their belief as to demons, iii. 58; their way of protecting infants from demons, iii. 235

Annandale, Nelson, as to H. Vaughan Stevens, ii. 237 _n._

Anne, Queen, touches for scrofula, i. 370

Anno, in West Africa, use of magical dolls at, i. 71

Annual abdication of kings, iv. 148

—— death and resurrection of gods, v. 6

—— renewal of king’s power at Babylon, iv. 113

—— sacrifice of a sacred animal, viii. 31

—— tenure of the kingship, iv. 113 _sqq._

Anodynes based on the principle of sympathetic magic, i. 93 _sq._

Anointed, human scapegoat, ix. 218

Anointing a stone in a rain-charm, i. 305

—— stones in order to avert bullets from absent warriors, i. 130

Anointment, of weapon which caused wound, i. 202 _sqq._; of priests at installation, iii. 14; as a ceremony of consecration, v. 21 _n._ 2 and 3, 68, 74; of sacred stones, custom of, v. 36; of the body as a means of acquiring certain qualities, viii. 162 _sqq._

Anpu and Bata, ancient Egyptian story of, xi. 134 _sqq._

Ant-hill, insane people buried in an, x. 64

Antaeus, grave of the giant, i. 286

——, king of Libya, and his daughter Barce, ii. 300 _sq._

Antagonism of religion to magic, i. 226

Antaimorona, the, of Madagascar, their chiefs held responsible for failure of the crops, i. 354

Antambahoaka, the, of Madagascar, confession of sins among the, iii. 216 _sq._

Antandroy, the, of Madagascar, their custom at circumcision, iii. 227

Antankarana tribe of Madagascar believe that their souls at death pass into animals, viii. 290

Antelope (_Antilope leucoryx_), ceremony after killing a, viii. 244

Antelopes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, vi. 163

_Anthemis nobilis_, camomile, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 63

Anthesteria, dramatic death and resurrection of Dionysus perhaps acted at the, iv. 32; festival of the dead at Athens, v. 234 _sq._, ix. 152 _sq._; an Athenian festival of Dionysus, compared with a modern Thracian celebration of the Carnival, vii. 30 _sqq._

Anthesterion, Attic month, corresponding to February, ii. 137, ix. 143 _n._, 352

Anthropomorphism of the spirits of nature, vii. 212

_Antiaris toxicaria_, poison tree, superstition of the Kayans as to the, ii. 17

Antibes, Holy Innocents’ Day at, ix. 336 _sq._

Antichrist, expected reign of, iv. 44 _sq._

Antigone, the execution of, ii. 228 _n._ 5

Antigonus, King, v. 212; deified by the Athenians, i. 390, 391 _n._ 1

_Antilope leucoryx_, ceremony of Ewe hunter after killing a, viii. 244

Antimachia in Cos, priest of Hercules dressed as woman at, vi. 258

Antimores of Madagascar, their chiefs held responsible for the operation of the laws of nature, i. 354

Antinmas, the twenty-fourth day after Christmas, ix. 167

Antinous, games in honour of, at Mantinea, vii. 80, 85

Antioch, destroyed by an earthquake, v. 222 _n._ 1; festival of Adonis at, v. 227, 257 _sq._; how it was freed from scorpions, viii. 280 _sq._

Antiochus, Greek calendar of, v. 303 _n._ 3

Antiquity, of the cultivation of the cereals in Europe, vii. 79; human scapegoats in classical, ix. 229 _sqq._

Antoninus Liberalis, on the birth of Hercules, iii. 299 _n._ 1

—— Marcus, plague in his reign, ix. 64

Antonius Mountain, in Thuringia, Christmas bonfire on the, x. 265 _sq._

Antrim, harvest customs concerning the last corn cut in, vii. 144, 154 _sq._; “Winning the Churn” in, vii. 154 _sq._

Ants, bites of, used in purificatory ceremony, iii. 105; eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 147; superstitious precaution against the ravages of, viii. 276; jealousy transferred to, ix. 33; stinging people with, ix. 263, x. 61, 62 _sq._

Antwerp, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70; wicker giants at, xi. 35 _sq._

Anu, Babylonian god, visit of Ishtar to, ix. 399 _n._ 1

Anubis, Egyptian jackal-headed god, vi. 15, 18 _n._ 3, 22 _n._ 2; represented by a masked man, ii. 133; finds the body of Osiris, vi. 85; personated by a priest wearing the mask of a dog or a jackal, vi. 85 _n._ 3

Anula tribe of Northern Australia, their disposal of foreskins at circumcision, i. 95; burial customs of the, i. 102 _sq._; their way of stopping rain, i. 253; their mode of making rain, i. 287 _sq._; their rites of initiation, xi. 235

Anyanja of British Central Africa, their dread of menstruous women, x. 81 _sq._

Anzikos, the, of West Africa, iii. 271

Aola, village of Guadalcanar, viii. 126

Apaches, the, iii. 182, 183, x. 21; their way of procuring rain, i. 306; avoidance of wife’s mother among the, iii. 85; custom observed by them on the war-path, iii. 160; purify themselves after the slaughter of foes, iii. 184; keep their names from strangers, iii. 325, 328; propitiated the animal gods before hunting deer, antelope, or elk, viii. 242; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 _n._

_Apachitas_, heaps of stones in Peru, ix. 9

Apala cured by Indra in the Rigveda, xi. 192

Apamea in Syria, Alcibiades of, iv. 5 _n._ 3; worship of Poseidon at, v. 195

Ape in homoeopathic magic, i. 156; a Batta totem, xi. 223. _See also_ Apes

Apepi, Egyptian fiend, i. 67

Apes, thought to be related to twins, i. 265; voices of, imitated as a charm, ii. 23; ceremony of Yuracares after killing, viii. 235 _sq._

Aphaca in Syria, sanctuary of Astarte at, v. 28, 259; meteor as signal for festival at, v. 259

Ap-hi, Abchase god of thunder and lightning, ii. 370

Aphrodite, represented as mother of Demetrius Poliorcetes, i. 391; the grave of, iv. 4; human sacrifices to, iv. 166 _n._ 1; her sacred doves, v. 33, 147; sanctuary of, at Paphos, v. 33 _sqq._; the month of, v. 145; her blood dyes white roses red, v. 226; name applied to summer, vi. 41

—— and Adonis, i. 25, v. 11 _sq._, 29, 280, ix. 386, xi. 294 _sq._; their marriage celebrated at Alexandria, v. 224

—— Askraia, i. 26

—— and Cinyras, v. 48 _sq._

—— of the Lebanon, the mourning, v. 29 _sq._

—— the Oriental, ix. 369 _n._ 1

—— and Pygmalion, v. 49 _sq._

Aphtha or thrush transferred to a frog, ix. 50

Api, female hippopotamus goddess of Egypt, ii. 133

Apinagos Indians of Brazil, their dances and presentation of children to the moon, vi. 145 _sqq._

Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, vi. 11, 119 _n._, viii. 34 _sqq._, ix. 217; mourning for the death of, v. 225; held to be an image of the soul of Osiris, vi. 130; drowned in a holy spring, viii. 36; not suffered to outlive a certain term of years, viii. 173

Apodtho, the ancestor of all men, iii. 79

Apollo at Delos, i. 32, 34 _sq._, ii. 135; prophetess of, inspired by laurel, i. 384, iv. 80; image of, in sacred cave at Hylae, i. 386; at Patara, ii. 135; purification of, iii. 223 _n._ 1; servitude of, iv. 70 _n._ 1, 78; and the laurel, iv. 78 _sqq._; at Thebes, iv. 79; purged of the dragon’s blood in the Vale of Tempe, iv. 81; dedication of a tithe-offering to, iv. 187 _n._ 5; the friend of Cinyras, v. 54; music in the worship of, v. 54 _sq._; his musical contest with Marsyas, v. 55, 288; reputed father of Augustus, v. 81; purified at Tempe, vi. 240; temple of, at the Lover’s Leap, ix. 254; temple of, at Cumae, x. 99; identified with the Celtic Grannus, x. 112

Apollo and Artemis, birthdays of, i. 32; the birth of, ii. 58; their priesthood at Ephesus, vi. 243 _sq._; cake with twelve knobs offered to, ix. 351 _n._ 3

—— at Delphi, hair offered by boys at puberty to, i. 28; first-fruits offered to, i. 32; grave of, at Delphi, i. 34, 35, iv. 4; seems to have usurped the place of an older god or hero at Delphi and Thebes, ii. 88; and the Dragon at Delphi, iv. 78, 79, 80 _sq._, vi. 240; sacrifices of Croesus to, v. 180 _n._ 1

——, the Cataonian, v. 147 _n._ 3

——, the Clarian, iv. 80 _n._ 1

—— Diradiotes, inspired priestess at temple of, i. 381

—— Erithasean, ii. 121

—— the Four-handed, vi. 250 _n._ 2

—— of the Golden Sword, v. 176

—— surnamed Locust and Mildew, viii. 282

—— the Mouse, his temple in the Troad, viii. 283

—— Soranus, xi. 14, 15 _n._ 3

——, the Wolf-slayer, viii. 283 _sq._

Apollonia, festival at Delos, i. 32 _n._ 2

——, a city in Macedonia, ix. 143 _n._

Apollonius of Tyana, how he rid Antioch of scorpions, viii. 280 _sq._; how he rid Constantinople of flies, viii. 281

Apologies offered to trees for cutting them down, ii. 18 _sq._, 30, 36 _sq._; for trespass on sacred groves, ii. 328; offered by savages to the animals they kill, viii. 215, 217, 218, 221, 222 _sqq._, 235 _sqq._, 243

Apotheosis by being burnt alive, v. 179 _sq._

Apoyaos, tribe in Luzon, their human sacrifices, vii. 241

Appam, a town on the Gold Coast, family descended from a fish at, iv. 129

Appian, on the costume of a priest of Isis, vi. 85 _n._ 3

Apple, offered instead of ram or ox to Hercules, viii. 95 _n._ 2; divination by a sliced, at Hallowe’en, x. 238; and candle, biting at, x. 241, 242, 243, 245

—— -tree, afterbirth of cow hung in an, i. 198 _sq._; straw-man placed on oldest, viii. 6; as life-index of boy, xi. 165

—— -trees, barren women roll under, to obtain offspring, ii. 57; torches thrown at, x. 108; mistletoe on, xi. 315, 316 _n._ 5

Apples at festival of Diana, i. 14, 16; forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280 _n._ 7; dipping for, at Hallowe’en, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 245

Apricot-trees, mistletoe on, xi. 316

April, religious rites performed by the Vestals in, ii. 229; the first Sunday of, custom observed at Naples on, iv. 241; Siamese festival of the dead in, ix. 150; ceremony of the new fire in, x. 136 _sq._, xi. 3; Chinese festival of fire in, xi. 3

April 2nd, annual sacrifice of wild boars in Cyprus on, viii. 23 _n._ 3

—— 15th, sacrifice on, ii. 229, 326

—— 21st, date of the Parilia, ii. 325, 326; ceremony performed by the Vestals on, viii. 42

—— 23rd, St. George’s Day, ii. 75, 76, 330 _sqq._

—— 24th, in some places St. George’s Day, ii. 337, 343; the great _mondard_ made on, viii. 6

—— 27th, in popular superstitions of Morocco, x. 17 _sq._

—— 30th, Walpurgis Day, ix. 163

Apuleius, as to the love-charm of a Thessalian witch, iii. 270; his story of Cupid and Psyche, iv. 131 _n._ 1; on the worship of Isis, vi. 119 _n._; on a cure for scorpion bite, ix. 50 _n._ 1

_Aquaelicium_ and Jupiter, ii. 184 _n._

_Aquilex_, rain-maker, i. 310 _n._ 4

Arab belief that a game of ball may cause rain, ix. 179

—— charm to forget sorrow, i. 150; to bring back a runaway slave, i. 152; to ensure birth of strong children, i. 153; to fertilize a barren woman, i. 157; of the setting sun, i. 165 _sq._; to get good teeth, i. 181; to make rain, i. 303

—— commentator as to the fig and the olive, ii. 316; on the Koran as to knots in magic, iii. 302

—— cure by means of knotted thread, iii. 304; cure for melancholy, ix. 4

—— legend of king bled to death, iii. 243 _n._ 7

—— love-charm by means of knots, iii. 305

—— mode of cursing an enemy, iii. 312

—— name for the scarlet anemone, v. 226

—— sacrifice for rain, i. 289

—— women, their custom of muffling their faces, iii. 122; in North Africa give their male children the hearts of lions to eat, viii. 142 _sq._; in Morocco, their superstitions as to plants at Midsummer, xi. 51

—— writer on the death of the King of the Jinn, iv. 8; on talismans against locusts and murrain, viii. 281

Arabia, sacred acacia-tree in, ii. 42; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15; use of camel as scapegoat for plague in, ix. 33

Arabia, ancient, taboos observed by incense-growers in, ii. 106 _sq._; belief as to shadows in, iii. 82; Sabaea or Sheba in, iii. 124; tree-spirits in snake form in, xi. 44 _n._ 1

Arabian, modern, story of the external soul, xi. 137 _sq._

_Arabian Nights_, story of the external soul in the, xi. 137

Arabic treatise on magic, i. 65; writer on the mourning for Tâ-uz (Tammuz) in Harran, v. 230

Arabs believe the soul to be in the blood, iii. 241; avoid using the proper names for lion, leprosy, etc., iii. 400; ancient, supposed to know the language of birds, viii. 146; their custom as to widows, ix. 35; their custom in regard to murder, ix. 63; beat camels to deliver them from jinn, ix. 260

—— of Algeria, their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 _n._ 1

—— of East Africa, their faith in an unguent of lion’s fat, viii. 164

——, the heathen, their custom as to a boy’s cast teeth, i. 181; their way of procuring rain, i. 303; their treatment of a man stung by a scorpion, iii. 95 _n._ 8

—— of Moab, their charm against scorpions, i. 153; their charm to ensure the birth of children, i. 157; their rain-making ceremony, i. 276; their use of shorn hair as a hostage, iii. 273; preserve their nail-parings against the resurrection, iii. 280; resort to the springs of Callirrhoe, v. 215 _sq._; their custom at harvest, vi. 48, 96, vii. 138; their remedies for ailments, vi. 242

—— of Morocco, their custom at the Great Feast, ix. 265; their Midsummer customs, x. 214

—— of North Africa, their rain-charm, i. 277; jinn invoked by their names among the, iii. 390

Aracan, ix. 117; the Mrus of, ix. 12 _n._ 1; dances for the crops in, ix. 236

Arachnaeus, Mount, altars of Zeus and Hera on, ii. 360

Arad, in Hungary, thresher of last corn wrapt in a cow’s hide at, vii. 291

Araguaya River in Brazil, iii. 348

Aran, in the valley of the Garonne, Midsummer fires at, x. 193

Aran Islands, off Galway, St. Eany’s well in the, ii. 161

Aratus of Sicyon, sacrifices to, i. 105; deemed a son of Aesculapius, v. 81

Araucanians of South America, the, ix. 12; their idea as to toads, i. 292 _n._ 3; their belief that thunder-storms are caused by the spirits of the dead,