iii. 341

Crops, dancing and leaping as charms to promote the growth of the, i. 137 _sqq._, ix. 232, 238 _sqq._, x. 119, 165, 166, 167 _sq._, 168, 173, 174, 337; intercourse of the sexes to promote the growth of the, ii. 98 _sqq._; thought to be blighted by sexual crime, ii. 107 _sqq._; swinging for the good of the, iv. 156 _sq._, 277, 278, 283; dependent on serpent-god, v. 67; games to promote the growth of the, v. 92 _sqq._; tales as a charm to promote the growth of the, v. 102, 103 _sq._; human victims sacrificed for the, v. 290 _sq._, vii. 236 _sqq._; charms and spells for growth of, vii. 100; bull-roarers sounded to promote the growth of the, vii. 104, 106, xi. 232; rotation of, vii. 117; vermin the enemies of the crops, superstitious devices for destroying, intimidating, or propitiating, viii. 274 _sqq._; supposed to be spoiled by menstruous women, x. 79, 96; leaping over bonfires to ensure good, x. 107; Midsummer fires thought to ensure good, x. 188, 336; torches swung by eunuchs to ensure good, x. 340

Cross, Days of the, in Esthonia, i. 325; wind of the, i. 325

—— of twisted corn on Candlemas, ii. 95 _n._

“—— of the Horse,” first sheaf called the, vii. 294. _See also_ Crosses

Cross River of Southern Nigeria, Eatin on the, i. 349; the Indem tribe of the, ii. 32; sacred chiefs on the, confined to their compounds, iii. 124; natives of the, their offerings of new yams to the deities, viii. 115; natives of the, their lives bound up with those of certain animals, xi. 202 _sq._, 204

Cross-road, trap for demon at, ix. 61; ague nailed down at, ix. 68 _sq._

—— -roads, in magical rites, ii. 340, iii. 59; burial at, v. 93 _n._ 1, ix. 10; things used in purificatory rites deposited at, vii. 9; sacrifices at, viii. 284; disease deposited at, ix. 6, 7; bodies of suicides burnt at, ix. 18; bodies of parricides to be thrown away at, ix. 24; fever deposited at, ix. 49; offerings at, ix. 140; ceremonies at, ix. 144, 159, 196, x. 24; beaten as a precaution against witches, ix. 161; witches at, ix. 162, x. 160 _n._ 1; Midsummer fires lighted at, x. 172, 191; divination at, x. 229; bewitched things burnt at, x. 322

Crossbills in magic, i. 81 _sq._

Crosses cut on stumps of felled trees, ii. 38; of rowan-tree used to protect cows from witches, ii. 53, ix. 267; chalked on doors as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 54, 331, 335, 336, 339, ix. 160, 162 _sq._, 165; made with tar on cattle to protect them against evil spirits, ii. 342; painted with tar as charms against ghosts and vampyres, ix. 153 _n._ 1; white, made by the King of the Bean, ix. 314, 315 _n._; chalked up on Twelfth Night, ix. 331; chalked up to protect houses and cattle-stalls against witches, x. 160 _n._ 1, xi. 74. _See also_ Cross

Crossing of legs forbidden, iii. 295, 298 _sq._

Crow asked to give a new tooth, i. 181; soul in form of, iii. 42 _n._; head of, eaten to prolong life, viii. 143; transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299; as scapegoat, ix. 193. _See also_ Crows

——, hooded, sacrifice to, x. 152

Crow Song, the Greek, viii. 322 _n._

_Crowdie_, a dish of milk and meal, x. 237

Crown, Ariadne’s, ii. 138

—— of corn-ears, vii. 163, 221, 283; worn by Demeter and Persephone, vii. 43; or garland of flowers in Midsummer bonfire, x. 184, 185, 188, 192. _See also_ Flowers

——, imperial, as palladium, iii. 4

—— of laurel, ii. 175, 175 _n._ 1, iv. 78, 80 _sqq._

—— of oak leaves, ii. 175, 176 _sq._, 184, iv. 80 _sqq._

—— of olive at Olympia, iv. 91

—— of Roses, festival of the, x. 195

——, the Whitsuntide, ii. 89 _sq._ _See also_ Crowns

Crown-wearer, priest of Hercules at Tarsus, v. 143

Crowning, festival of the, at Delphi, iv. 78 _sqq._

Crowning cattle, ii. 75, 339, 341; as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 126 _sq._, 339

—— dogs, custom of, i. 14, ii. 125 _sq._, 127 _sq._

Crowns, the royal, in ancient Egypt, i. 364; magical virtue of royal, i. 364 _sq._; of birch at Whitsuntide, ii. 64; or wreaths, custom of wearing, ii. 127 _n._ 2; as amulets, vi. 242 _sq._; laid aside in mourning, etc., vi. 243 _n._ 2; of figs worn at sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 _n._ 3; of maize, ix. 280. _See also_ Crown

—— of Egypt, the White and the Red, vi. 21 _n._ 1

Crows in magic, i. 83; hearts of, eaten by diviners, viii. 143. _See also_ Crow

Cruachan, the palace of the ancient kings of Connaught, iii. 12; pagan cemetery at, iv. 101; the fair of, iv. 101; in Connaught, the cave of, x. 226; the herdsman or king of, Argyleshire story of, xi. 127 _sqq._

Crucifixion of Christ, ix. 412 _sqq._; crossbills at the, i. 82; tradition as to the date of, v. 306 _sqq._

—— of human victims at Benin, v. 294 _n._ 3; gentile, at the spring equinox, v. 307 _n._

_Crux ansata_, the Egyptian symbol of life, ii. 133, vi. 89

“Crying the Mare” at harvest in Hertfordshire, vii. 292 _sq._; in Shropshire, vii. 293

“—— the neck,” at harvest, vii. 264 _sqq._

_Cryptocerus atratus_, F., stinging ants, used in ordeal by the Mauhes, x. 62

Crystals, magic of, i. 176 _sq._; used in rain-making, i. 254, 255, 304, 345, 346; used in divination, iii. 56; superstitions as to, iv. 64 _n._ 6

Ctesias, on the Sacaea, ix. 402 _n._ 1

Cubit, the standard, kept in the temple of Serapis, vi. 217

Cublay-Khan, ii. 306

Cuissard, Ch., on Midsummer fires, x. 182 _sq._

Cultivation of staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), vi. 206 _sq._; shifting, vii. 99. _See_ Agriculture

Cumae, the Sibyl at, x. 99

Cumanus, inquisitor, xi. 158

Cumberland, Midsummer fires in, x. 197

Cumberland inlet, the Esquimaux of, iii. 108

Cummin, curses at sowing, i. 281

Cumont, Professor Franz, on the Saturnalia of the Roman soldiers, iv. 310; on the _taurobolium_, v. 275 _n._ 1; on the Nativity of the Sun, v. 303 _n._ 3; as to the parallel between Easter and the rites of Attis, v. 310 _n._ 1; on the martyrdom of St. Dasius, ix. 308 _sq._; on a form of abjuration imposed on Jewish converts, ix. 393 _n._ 1

“Cup of offering,” viii. 184

——, sacred golden, i. 365

Cup-and-ball as a charm to hasten the return of the sun, i. 317

Cupid and Psyche, story of, iv. 131

Cups, special, used by girls at puberty, x. 50, 53

Cura, sacred grove of the Wotyaks at, ii. 145

Curative powers ascribed to persons born feet foremost, x. 295

Curcho, old Prussian god, viii. 133, 174 _n._

Cures based on principles of homoeopathic magic, i. 78 _sqq._; effected by recalling the soul, iii. 42 _sqq._; by means of knotted cords and threads, iii. 303 _sqq._; by swinging, iv. 280 _sq._, 282; by transferring the malady to things, animals, or persons, ix. 2 _sqq._; by the expulsion of demons, ix. 109 _sqq._; popular, prescribed by Marcellus of Bordeaux, x. 17

Curetes, their war-dance, vii. 13

Curland, Midsummer festival in, iv. 280

Curr, E. M., on the superstition as to personal names among the Australian aborigines, iii. 320 _sq._

Curses, public, i. 45; supposed beneficial effects of, i. 279 _sqq._; uttered by Bouzygai, vii. 108

Cursing at Athens, ritual of, iii. 75

—— an enemy, Arab mode of, iii. 312

—— fishermen and hunters for good luck, i. 280 _sq._

—— a mist in Switzerland, x. 280

—— at sowing, i. 281

Curtains to conceal kings, iii. 120 _sq._

Curtiss, Professor S. I., on the head of the Babites, i. 402

Curtius, Quintus, on Alexander the Great’s cresset, ii. 264 _n._ 7

Curumbars, a tribe of the Neilgherry Hills, viii. 55

Cuscuses, souls of dead in, viii. 296, 298

Cushing, Frank H., on the killing of sacred turtles among the Zuñi, viii. 175 _sqq._

Custom more constant than myth, viii. 40

Customs of the Pelew Islanders, vi. 253 _sqq._, 266 _sqq._

Cut hair and nails, disposal of, iii. 267 _sqq._

Cuthar, father of Adonis, v. 13 _n._ 2

Cuts made in the body as a mode of expelling demons or ghosts, iii. 106 _sq._; in bodies of manslayers, iii. 174, 176, 180; in bodies of slain, iii. 176. _See also_ Incisions, Scarification

Cutting or lacerating the body in honour of the dead, iv. 92 _sq._, 97

—— the hair a purificatory ceremony, iii. 283 _sqq._ _See also_ Hair

Cutting weapons planted in ground to repel the demon of smallpox, ix. 122

Cuttings for the dead, v. 268

Cuttle-fish presented to Greek infants, i. 156; expiation for killing a, iv. 217

Cuzco, the temple of the Sun at, ii. 243, vii. 310; its scenery, ix. 128 _sq._; ceremony of the new fire in, x. 132

Cyaxares, king of the Medes, v. 133 _n._, 174

Cybele, her image carted about at Autun, ii. 144; the image of, v. 35 _n._ 3; her cymbals and tambourines, v. 54; her lions and turreted crown, v. 137; priests of, called Attis, v. 140; the Mother of the Gods, v. 263; her love for Attis, v. 263, 282; her worship adopted by the Romans, v. 265; sacrifice of virility to image of, v. 268; subterranean chambers of, v. 268; orgiastic rites of, v. 278; a goddess of fertility, v. 279; worshipped in Gaul, v. 279; fasts observed by the worshippers of, v. 280; a friend of Marsyas, v. 288; effeminate priests of, vi. 257, 258

—— and Attis, i. 18, 21, 40, 41, v. 280, ix. 386

Cybistra in Cappadocia, v. 120, 122, 124

Cychreus, king of Salamis, bequeaths his kingdom to Telamon, ii. 278 _n._ 2; changed at death into a serpent, iv. 87

Cycle, the octennial, based on an attempt to reconcile solar and lunar time, iv. 68 _sq._, vii. 80 _sq._; apparently the period of certain kings’ reigns in ancient Greece, iv. 70 _sq._; octennial festivals connected with the, iv. 87 _sqq._; Olympiads originally based on the, iv. 89 _sq._, vii. 80; antiquity of the octennial cycle in Greece, vii. 81 _sq._; the cycle based on religious rather than practical considerations, vii. 82 _sq._

Cycle of thirty years (Druidical), xi. 77

Cycles of sixty years (Boeotian, Indian, and Tibetan), xi. 77 _n._ 1

Cyclopes, slaughter of the, iv. 78 _n._ 4

Cymbal, drinking out of a, v. 274

Cymbals in religious music, v. 52, 54

—— and tambourines in worship of Cybele, v. 54

Cyme, titular kings at, i. 46 _n._ 4

Cynaetha, in Arcadia, people of, massacre committed by the, iii. 188; winter festival of Dionysus at, vii. 16 _sq._

Cynopolis, the cemetery of, vi. 90

Cypresses, sacred, in the sanctuary of Aesculapius at Cos, ii. 10; in the sanctuary of Aesculapius at Titane, v. 81

Cypriote syllabary, v. 49 _n._ 7

Cyprus, grave of Aphrodite in, iv. 4; Salamis in, iv. 166 _n._ 1; natural riches of, v. 31; Phoenicians in, v. 31 _sq._; Adonis in, v. 31 _sqq._; sacred prostitution in, v. 36, 50, 59; Melcarth worshipped in, v. 117; human sacrifices in, v. 145 _sq._; the bearded Venus in, vi. 259 _n._ 3; wild boars annually sacrificed in, viii. 23 _n._ 3

Cyrene, kingship at, i. 47; the people of, their sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 _n._ 3

Cyril of Alexandria on the festival of Adonis at Alexandria, v. 224 _n._ 2

Cyrus and Croesus, v. 174 _sqq._, ix. 391

Cythnos, Greek island, sickly children pushed through a hole in a rock in,