ix. 31, 36, 127;

enjoined as a religious duty among the Huichol Indians, i. 124; originally a magical ceremony, iii. 217; the Jewish, over the scapegoat, ix. 210

Conflagrations, bonfires supposed to protect against, x. 107, 108, 140, 142, 344; brands of Midsummer bonfires thought to be a protection against, x. 165, 174, 183, 188, 196; the Yule log a protection against, x. 248 _sq._, 250, 255, 256, 258; Midsummer flowers a protection against, xi. 48; mountain arnica a protection against, xi. 58; oak-mistletoe a protection against, xi. 85

Conflict of calendars, solar and lunar, x. 218

Conflicts, sanguinary, as rain-charms, i. 258; annual, at the New Year, old intention of, ix. 184

Confucianism, its success due to the personal influence of its founder, vi. 159 _sq._

Confusion between a man and his totem, i. 107

—— of magic and religion, i. 226 _sq._; in Melanesia, i. 227 _sq._; in ancient India, i. 228 _sq._; in ancient Egypt, i. 230 _sq._; in modern Europe, i. 231 _sqq._; the confusion not primitive, i. 233 _sq._

Congo Free State, the Ba-Yaka and Ba-Yanzi of the, i. 348, iii. 186 _n._ 1; the Tofoke of the, vii. 119

Congo, the French, the Fans of the, xi. 161

——, kingdom or region of, palm-wine offered to trees in the, ii. 15; custom observed by pregnant women in the, ii. 58; the pontiff Chitomé in the, iii. 5, iv. 14; conjuring spirits at meals in the, iii. 120; food taboos in the, iii. 137; precaution as to the spittle of the king of the, iii. 289 _sq._; priest dressed as a woman in, vi. 254 _sq._; images stuck with nails in the, ix. 70 _n._ 1; birth-trees in the, xi. 161 _sq._; theory of the external soul in the, xi. 200; the Bushongo of the, xi. 229 _n._; use of bull-roarers in the, xi. 229 _n._

——, the Lower, belief in the reincarnation of the dead among the natives of, i. 103 _sq._; superstition as to resemblance between parent and child among the tribes of, iii. 89; natives of, their belief as to stepping over a person, iii. 423 _sq._; burial of infants on the, v. 91; taboos observed by women who plant seeds among the tribes of, vii. 115 _sq._; seclusion of girls at puberty on the, x. 31; rites of initiation on the, xi. 251 _sqq._

Congo, the Upper, Kibanga on, iv. 34; the Bangala of, vii. 119; the Boloki of, xi. 161, 229 _n._

——, King of Rain at mouth of the, ii. 2

Congo negroes, their belief in the abstraction of souls by sorcerers, iii. 70

—— tribes, recall of stray souls among the, iii. 44 _sq._

Congrégation de Notre Dame at Paris, Childermas at the, ix. 337

Conibos Indians of the Ucayali River, regard thunder as the voice of the dead, ii. 183 _n._ 2; their theory of earthquakes, v. 198

Conical stone as divine emblem, v. 165, 166. _See also_ Cones

Conitz, in West Prussia, saying as to wind in corn at, vii. 288

Conjunction of sun and moon, viii. 15 _n._ 1; a time for marriage, iv. 73; time chosen for ritual observances, viii. 15 _n._ 1

Conjuring spirits at meals, iii. 120

Connaught, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. 11 _sq._; Midsummer fires in, x. 203; cave of Cruachan in, x. 226; palace of the kings of, xi. 127

Connemara, Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Conquering races, great, have advanced civilization, i. 128

Conquerors sometimes leave a nominal kingship to the conquered, ii. 288 _sq._

Consecration of the sacrificer of Soma in Vedic India, iii. 159 _n._; of the first-born among the Hebrews, iv. 172; among the ancient Italians, iv. 187

Conservation of energy, viii. 262, 303

“Consort, the divine,” ii. 131, 135

Constance, the Council of, forbade processions with bears and other animals, viii. 326 _n._ 3

——, the Lake of, superstition as to St. John’s Day on, xi. 26

Constantine destroys temple of Astarte, v. 28; suppresses sacred prostitution, v. 37; removes standard cubit from the Serapeum, vi. 216 _sq._

Constantinople, accusation of binding the winds by magic at, 325; protected against flies and gnats, viii. 281; column at, xi. 157

Constellations observed by the aborigines of Victoria, vii. 308; observed by savages, vii. 313, 314 _sq._, 315, 317

_Constitution of Athens_, Aristotle’s, ii. 137 _n._ 1

Consuls, the first Roman, ii. 290

Consulship at Rome, institution of, ii. 290 _sq._

Consummation of marriage prevented by knots and locks, iii. 299 _sqq._

Consumption transferred to bird, ix. 51, xi. 187; ashes of the Midsummer fires a cure for, x. 194 _sq._

Consumptive patients passed through holes in stones or rocks, xi. 186 _sq._

Consus and Ops, vi. 233 _n._ 6

Contact with sacred things deemed dangerous, viii. 27 _sqq._; between certain foods in stomach of eater forbidden, viii. 83 _sqq._, 90

—— or contagion in magic, law of, i. 52, 53

Contagion of death, banishment of the, ix. 37

Contagious magic, i. 52, 53 _sq._, 174-214, iii. 246, 268, 272; of teeth, i. 176-182; of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), i. 182-201; of wound and weapon, i. 201 _sqq._; of footprints, i. 207-212; of other impressions, i. 213 _sq._; of the man-god, iii. 132

—— taboos, i. 117

Contempt of death, iv. 142 _sqq._

Contest for the kingship at Whitsuntide, ii. 89 _sq._; for the throne of Egypt, traditions of a, vi. 17 _sq._

——, Ancestral, at the Eleusinian Games, vii. 71, 74, 77

Contests for a bride, ii. 305 _sqq._; for possession of the corn-spirit, vii. 74 _sq._, 180; between reapers, vii. 74 _sq._, 136, 140, 141, 142, 144, 152, 153 _sq._, 155, 156, 164 _sq._, 219, 253, 273; between binders of corn, vii. 136, 137, 138, 218 _sq._, 220, 221, 222, 253, 273; between threshers, vii. 147 _sqq._, 218, 219 _sq._, 221 _sq._, 223 _sq._, 253

——, dramatic, between actors representing Summer and Winter, iv. 254 _sqq._

Conti, Nicolo, on religious suicide, iv. 54

Continence in magical ceremonies, i. 88; required during the search for the sacred cactus, i. 124; at rain-making ceremonies, i. 257, 259; required of parents of twins, i. 266; practised before fertility ceremonies, ii. 98; practised in order to make the crops grow, ii. 104 _sqq._; enjoined on people during the rounds of sacred pontiff, iii. 5; of priests, iii. 6, 159 _n._; on eve of period of taboo, iii. 11; observed by those who have handled the dead, iii. 141, 142; during war, iii. 157, 158 _n._ 1, 161, 163, 164, 165; after victory, iii. 166 _sqq._, 175, 178, 179, 181; by cannibals, iii. 188; by fishers and hunters, iii. 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 207; by workers in salt-pans, iii. 200; at brewing beer, wine, and poison, iii. 200 _sq._, 201 _sq._; at baking, iii. 201; at making coco-nut oil, iii. 201; at building canoes, iii. 202; at house-building, iii. 202; at making or repairing dams, iii. 202; on trading voyages, iii. 203; after festivals, iii. 204; on journeys, iii. 204; while cattle are at pasture, iii. 204; by lion-killers and bear-killers, iii. 220, 221; before handling holy relics, iii. 272; by tabooed men, iii. 293; at consulting an oracle, iii. 314; at sowing and reaping, vii. 109 _n._ 2; and fasting observed before ploughing and sowing, viii. 14, 15; at festival of first-fruits, viii. 75; combined with abstinence from salt, viii. 75, 93, 93 _n._; after eating of a god, viii. 93; at bladder festival of the Esquimaux, viii. 248; during Lent, ix. 348; as preparation for walking through fire, xi. 3. _See also_ Chastity

Conty, in France, Lenten fires at, x. 113

Conway, Professor R. S., on the etymology of Virbius, ii. 379 _n._ 5; on the etymology of Soranus, xi. 15 _n._ 1

Conybeare, F. C., on Christians worshipping each other as Christs, i. 407 _n._ 3; on the feminine sex of the Holy Ghost, iv. 5 _n._ 3

Cook, A. B., i. 40 _n._ 3 and 4, ii. 307 _n._ 2, v. 49 _n._ 6; on the slope of Virbius, i. 4 _n._ 5; on circular basement at Nemi, i. 13 _n._ 5; on Manius Egerius, i. 23 _n._; on association of horse and wolf, i. 27 _n._ 5; on double-headed bust at Nemi, i. 42 _n._ 1; on the name Egeria, ii. 172 _n._ 3; on parallelism between Rome and Aricia, ii. 173 _n._ 2; on personification of Zeus by Greek kings, ii. 177 _n._ 6; on the Alban kings, ii. 178 _n._ 3; on the Alban sow, ii. 187 _n._ 4; on substitution of poplar for oak, ii. 220 _n._ 3; on the consulship, ii. 290 _n._ 3; on the death of Servius Tullius, ii. 321 _n._ 1; on gongs at Dodona, ii. 358 _n._ 4; on the oak as the tree of Zeus, ii. 359 _n._ 3; on connexion of the King of the Wood with the Silvii, ii. 379 _n._ 4; on Plautus, _Casina_, ii. 379 _n._ 5; on association of Diana with the oak, ii. 380 _n._ 4; on Jupiter-Janus, Juno-Diana, ii. 383 _n._ 2; on derivation of _janua_ from _Janus_, ii. 384 _n._ 2; on Minos and Pasiphae, iv. 71 _n._ 2; on octennial tenure of Greek kingship, iv. 78 _n._ 2; on festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, iv. 79 _n._ 1, vi. 241 _n._ 3; on sacred oak at Delphi, iv. 80; on substitution of laurel for oak, iv. 81 _sq._; as to a scene on the frieze of the Parthenon, iv. 89 _n._ 5; on assimilation of Olympic victors to Zeus, iv. 90; on name of priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 155 _n._ 1; on death of Romulus, vi. 98 _n._ 2; on traces of mother-kin in myth and ritual of Hercules, vi. 259 _n._ 4; on use of bells and gongs to ban demons in antiquity, ix. 246 _n._ 2; on the oak of Errol, xi. 284 _n._ 1

Cook, Captain James, on the Tahitian belief in spirits or gods, ix. 80 _sq._

Cook, menstruous women not allowed to, x. 80, 82, 84, 90

Cooking, taboos as to, iii. 147 _sq._, 156, 165, 169, 178, 185, 193, 194, 198, 209, 221, 256

Cooks, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. 115 _sq._, 205

Coomassie, in Ashantee, human sacrifice for earthquake at, v. 201; the festival of the new yams at, viii. 62 _sqq._; bones of Sir Charles M’Carthy kept as fetishes at, viii. 149

Cooper, Rev. Sydney, on the harvest “neck” in Cornwall, vii. 262 _n._ 3

Coorgs, the, of Southern India, their ceremonies at reaping and eating the new rice, viii. 55 _sq._

Cootchie, a demon of the Dieri, expelled by medicine-men, ix. 110

Copenhagen, the museum at, ii. 352; bathing on St. John’s Eve at, v. 248; statue of Demeter at, vii. 43 _n._ 5

Copper, unstamped, early Italian money, i. 23

Copper needle, story of man who could only be killed by a, xi. 314

—— rings as amulets, iii. 315

—— River, Esquimaux of the, iii. 184

Coptic calendar, vi. 6 _n._ 3

—— church forbade use of iron in exorcism, iii. 235; forbade the tying of magic knots, iii. 310 _n._ 5; enjoins continence during Lent, ix. 348

Cor-mass, procession of wicker giants at Dunkirk, xi. 34

Cora Indians of Mexico, their magical images, i. 55 _sq._; their dance at sowing, ix. 238; their dramatic dances, ix. 381

Coral rings as amulets, iii. 315

Coran, the, in incantations, i. 64; verse of, recited as a charm, ix. 62. _See also_ Koran

Corannas of South Africa, custom as to succession among the, iv. 191 _sq._; their children after an illness passed under an arch, xi. 192

Corc, his purification, ii. 116

_Cordia ovalis_, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 210

Cords, knotted, in magic, iii. 299, 302, 303 _sq._, 309; tied tightly round the bodies of girls at puberty, x. 92 _n._ 1

Corea, offerings to souls of the dead in trees in, ii. 31; the effigy of the king not struck on coins of, iii. 99; clipped hair burned in, iii. 283; custom of swinging in, iv. 284 _sq._; dance of eunuchs in, v. 270 _n._ 2; use of effigies to prolong life in, viii. 105; first-fruits of all crops formerly offered to king of, viii. 122; bones of tigers prized in, as means of inspiring courage, viii. 145; cairns to which each passer-by adds a stone in, ix. 11; offerings at cairns in, ix. 27; traps for demons in, ix. 61 _sq._; belief in demons in, ix. 99 _sq._; spirit of disease expelled in, ix. 119; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 147; the tug-of-war in, ix. 177 _sq._; custom observed after childbirth by women in, x. 20; use of torches to ensure good crops in, x. 340

——, the kings of, held responsible for rain and the crops, i. 355; formerly confined to their palace, iii. 125; not to be touched with iron, iii. 226; their names not to be uttered by their subjects, iii. 376

Coreans, their belief as to absence of soul in sleep, iii. 41; their ceremony on the fifteenth day of the moon, vi. 143; their annual ceremonies for the riddance of evils, ix. 202 _sq._

Corfu, May songs and trees in, ii. 63 _sq._

Corinth, family supposed to control the winds at, i. 324

Corinthians make images of Dionysus out of a pine-tree, vii. 4

Cormac, on Beltane fires, x. 157

Cormac Mac Art, king of Ireland, iv. 39

Corn ground by pregnant women, i. 140; defiled persons kept from the, ii. 112; reaped ear of, displayed at mysteries of Eleusis, ii. 138 _sq._, vii. 38; sheaf of, dressed up to represent Death, iv. 248; water thrown on the last corn cut, a rain-charm, v. 237 _sq._; sprouting from the dead body of Osiris, vi. 89; personified as Demeter, vii. 42; the various kinds of, called “Demeter’s fruits,” vii. 42; first-fruits of, offered to Demeter and Persephone at Eleusis, vii. 53 _sqq._; first bestowed on the Athenians by Demeter, vii. 54; personified as female, vii. 130; wreath of, made from last sheaf, vii. 134; double personification of, as mother and daughter, vii. 207 _sqq._; the first corn cut, customs connected with, vii. 215 _sq._; patches of unreaped, left at harvest, vii. 233; identification of persons with, vii. 252; the last left standing, the corn-spirit supposed to be in, vii. 254, 268; the new, eaten sacramentally, viii. 48 _sqq._; the first cut, used to bake the communion bread, viii. 51; sanctity of the, viii. 110; the last cut, corn-spirit in, viii. 328; charm to make the corn grow tall, x. 18; thrown on the man who brings the Yule log, x. 260, 262, 264; blazing besoms flung aloft to make the corn grow high, x. 340

Corn and grapes, symbols of the god of Tarsus, v. 119, 143; of the god of Ibreez, v. 121; figured with double-headed axe on Lydian coin, v. 183

—— and poppies as symbols of Demeter, vii. 43 _sq._

—— and vine, emblems of the gods of Tarsus and Ibreez, v. 160 _sq._

Corn Baby at harvest, vii. 150 _sq._, 152, 292

—— -bull at threshing, vii. 291

—— -cat in the corn, vii. 280

—— -cow at reaping, vii. 289

—— -dog at harvest, vii. 272

—— -ears, Queen of the, vii. 146; crown of, vii. 163, 221, 283; wreath of, as badge of priestly office, ix. 232

—— festivals of the Cora Indians, ix. 381

—— -flowers, the blue, supposed danger of plucking, vii. 272, 282

—— -foal, the corn-spirit as, vii. 294

—— -fool at threshing, vii. 148

—— -goat, vii. 282, 283, 286, 287

—— -god, Adonis as a, v. 230 _sqq._; Attis as a, v. 279; mourned at midsummer, vi. 34; Osiris as a, vi. 89 _sqq._, 96 _sqq._

—— -harvest, the first-fruits of the, offered at Lammas, iv. 101 _sq._

—— -horse, the corn-spirit as, vii. 294

—— -maiden at harvest, vii. 150, 230; in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 155 _sqq._, 164 _sqq._

—— -mallet at threshing, vii. 148

—— -man at harvest, vii. 223; the goal of a women’s race, vii. 76 _sq._

—— -mother, the, vii. 150; at Eleusis, ii. 139; in Northern Europe, vii. 131 _sqq._; makes the crops to grow, vii. 133; in last sheaf, vii. 133 _sqq._; personated by a woman, vii. 150, 261; primitive character of the European, vii. 170; in America, vii. 171 _sqq._; in many lands, vii. 171 _sqq._; in canton of Zurich, vii. 232

—— -pug at threshing, vii. 273

—— queen made out of last sheaf, vii. 146

—— -reapers, songs of the, vii. 214 _sqq._

—— -reaping in Egypt, Palestine, and Greece, date of the, i. 32, v. 231 _n._ 3

—— -sheaf, image of Metsik made of a, ii. 55

Corn-sieve, severed limbs of Osiris placed on a, vi. 97; new-born infant placed in, vii. 7; beaten at ceremony of expulsion of poverty, ix. 145. _See also_ Winnowing-fan

—— -sow at harvest, vii. 271, 298

—— -spirit called the Old Man or the Old Woman, iv. 253 _sq._; Tammuz or Adonis as a, v. 230 _sqq._; propitiation of the, perhaps fused with a worship of the dead, v. 233 _sqq._; represented as a dead old man, vi. 48, 96; represented by human victims, vi. 97, 106 _sq._; contests for possession of the, vii. 74 _sq._, 180; conceived as old, vii. 136 _sqq._; in last sheaf threshed, vii. 139, 147, 168, viii. 48; represented in duplicate, vii. 139; lurks among the corn in the barn till driven out by the threshing-flail, vii. 147, 274 _sq._, 286; personal representative of, killed in mimicry, vii. 149 _sq._, 224 _sq._; conceived as young, vii. 150 _sqq._; as Bride and Bridegroom, vii. 162 _sqq._; as male and female, vii. 164, viii. 9; as female, both old and young, vii. 164 _sqq._; represented by person who cuts, binds, or threshes the last corn, vii. 167 _sq._, 220 _sqq._, 236, 253 _sq._; fertilizing influence of, vii. 168; its influence on women, vii. 168; represented by human beings, vii. 168, 204 _sqq._, viii. 333; preserved in last sheaf, vii. 171; conceived by the Iroquois as a woman, vii. 177; in form of an old man, vii. 206 _sq._; conceived either as immanent in the corn or as external to it, vii. 211; in first corn cut, vii. 215; personal representative of, killed in mimicry, vii. 216; killing the, vii. 216 _sqq._, 223 _sqq._; represented by living man, vii. 224; represented by a puppet, vii. 224; represented by persons wrapt in corn, vii. 225 _sq._; represented by a stranger, vii. 225 _sqq._, 230 _sq._; conceived as poor and robbed by the reapers, vii. 231 _sqq._; slain in his human representatives, vii. 251 _sqq._; in last standing corn, vii. 254, 268; the neck of the, vii. 268; beheaded when last corn is cut, vii. 268; the tail of the, vii. 268, 272, 300, viii. 10, 43; as animal, vii. 270 _sqq._, xi. 43; as wolf or dog, vii. 271 _sqq._, viii. 327; as cock, vii. 276 _sqq._; killed in form of live cock, vii. 277 _sq._; as hare, vii. 279 _sq._; as cat, vii. 280 _sq._; as goat, vii. 281 _sqq._; killed as goat, vii. 284 _sq._, 287, viii. 327 _sq._; lame, vii. 284; as bull, cow, or ox, vii. 288 _sqq._, viii. 6 _sqq._, 8, 34; killed in form of bull, vii. 290, 291 _sq._; killed at threshing, vii. 291 _sq._; in form of calf, vii. 292; as old and young in form of cow and calf, vii. 292; as horse or mare, vii. 292 _sqq._; as a bird, vii. 295; as a quail, vii. 295; as fox, vii. 296 _sq._; as pig (boar, sow), vii. 298 _sqq._; in form of boar, vii. 301, viii. 328; immanent in the last sheaf, vii. 301; on the animal embodiments of the, vii. 303 _sqq._; represented by an ox, viii. 9 _sqq._; killed in animal form and eaten sacramentally, viii. 20; reason for killing the, viii. 138; as a bear, viii. 325 _sqq._; represented dramatically, viii. 325; as ram, viii. 328; kept through the winter in the form of an animal, viii. 328; represented by a man called the Straw-bear, viii. 329; human representative of the, dragged over the fresh furrows, viii. 332, 333; in last standing corn, x. 12; human representatives of, put to death, xi. 25

Corn-spirits, male and female, a pair of, vii. 286

—— -stalks, harvesters wrapt up in, vii. 220 _sqq._

—— -steer at reaping last ears of corn, vii. 289

—— -stuffed effigies of Osiris buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, vi. 90 _sq._, 114

—— -wolf in corn, vii. 272, 273, 275

—— -woman, vii. 230, 233; at threshing, vii. 149; among the North American Indians, vii. 177

—— -wreaths as first-fruits, v. 43; worn by Arval Brethren, v. 44 _n._

Cornaby, Rev. W. A., iv. 273; on reported substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 275 _sq._

Corne, near Tusculum, sacred grove of Diana at, ii. 190 _n._ 3

Cornel branches, men and beasts beaten with, for their health, ix. 266

—— -tree, sacred, in Rome, ii. 10; in popular remedy, ix. 55; laziness transferred to a, ix. 55; wood used to kindle need-fire, x. 286

Corners of fields not to be reaped, vii. 234 _sq._

Cornford, F. M., on the Olympic victors as personifying the Sun and Moon, iv. 91 _n._ 7

Cornish customs on May Day, ii. 52, 60, 67

Cornouaille, in Brittany, weather forecast for the year at, ix. 323 _sq._

Cornstalks, festival of the, at Eleusis, vii. 63

Cornutus on the poppy as a symbol of Demeter, vii. 44; on Persephone as the seed sown, vii. 46 _n._ 2

Cornwall, May Day custom as to hawthorn in bloom in, ii. 52; temporary king in, iv. 153 _sq._; custom of “crying the neck” in, vii. 266 _sq._; Snake Stones in, x. 15, 16 _n._ 1; Midsummer fires in, x. 199 _sq._; burnt sacrifices to stay cattle disease in, x. 300 _sq._; holed stone through which people used to creep in, xi. 187

Coro, province of Venezuela, custom of drinking powdered body of dead chief in, viii. 157

Coronation, human sacrifices to prolong a king’s life at his, vi. 223

Coronation ceremony in England, challenge to mortal combat at, ii. 322

_Corp chre_, magical clay image in Scotland, i. 68 _sq._

Corporal punishment, voluntary substitutes for, in China, iv. 275 _sq._

Corporeal relics of dead kings confer right to throne, iv. 202 _sq._

Corpse, priest of Earth forbidden to see a, x. 4

“Corpse-praying priest,” ix. 45

Corpses, knots not allowed about, iii. 310; devoured by members of Secret Societies, ix. 377

Corpulence regarded as a distinction and beauty, ii. 297

Corpus Christi Day, the Slaying of the Dragon on the Sunday after, ii. 163; the Pleiades worshipped by the Peruvian Indians on, vii. 310; processions on, x. 165

Corrèze, district of the Auvergne, superstition as to reflections in, iii. 95

—— and Creuse, departments of, St. John’s fires in the, x. 190

Corsica, blood-revenge in, ii. 321; Midsummer fires in, x. 209

Corsicans divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 _n._ 4

Corycian cave, priests of Zeus at the, v. 145; the god of the, v. 152 _sqq._; described, v. 153 _sq._; saffron at the, v. 187; name perhaps derived from crocus, v. 187

Corycus in Cilicia, ruins of, v. 153

Cos, king of, sacrifices to Hestia, i. 45; titular kings in, i. 46 _n._ 4; sanctuary of Aesculapius in, ii. 10; altar of Rainy Zeus in, ii. 360; traces of mother-kin in, vi. 259; Sacred Marriage in, vi. 259 _n._ 4; bridegroom dressed as woman in, vi. 260; harvest-home in, vii. 47; image of Demeter in, vii. 47, 61; Zeus Polieus in, viii. 5 _n._ 2; custom of beating cattle in March in, ix. 266; effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 130; Midsummer fires in, x. 212

Cosenza in Calabria, Easter custom at, v. 254

Cosmogonies, primitive, perhaps influenced by human sacrifices, ix. 409 _sqq._

Cosquin, E., on the book of Esther, ix. 367 _n._ 3; on helpful animals and external souls in folk-tales, xi. 133 _n._ 1

_Cosse de Nau_, the Yule log, x. 251

Costa Rica, the Bribri Indians of, iii. 147, x. 86; Indians of, their treatment of the bones of animals, viii. 259 _n._ 1; their customs in fasts, x. 20; ceremonial uncleanness among the, x. 65 _n._ 1; the Guatusos of, xi. 230 _n._

Côte d’Or, the Fox at reaping in, vii. 296

Cotton, the Mother of, in the Punjaub, vii. 178; treatment of first cotton picked, viii. 119

Cotton-bleacher, human god the son of a, i. 376

Cottonwood trees, the shades or spirits of, ii. 12

Cotys, king of Lydia, v. 187

Coudreau, H., on the custom of stinging with ants among the Indians of French Guiana, x. 63 _sq._

Coughs transferred to animals, ix. 51, 52

Couit-gil, the spirit of a dead person, among the aborigines of Victoria,