vii. 316;

ceremonies at, in South-East Africa, viii. 148; custom at, in Celebes, viii. 153; riddles asked at, ix. 122 _n._; among the Washamba, xi. 183; in New Guinea, xi. 240 _sq._; in Fiji, xi. 243 _sq._; in Rook, xi. 246; on the Lower Congo, xi. 251, 255 _n._ 1

Circumcision Day, the 1st of January, Pope of Fools on, ix. 334

Circumlocutions adopted to avoid naming the dead, iii. 350, 351, 355; caused by fear of the dead, iii. 354; employed by reapers, iii. 412

Circus, the games of the, ii. 174

Cirta, image of Jupiter at, ii. 177

Cithaeron, Mount, bonfire on the top of, ii. 140 _sq._; forest of oaks at, iv. 82; Pentheus torn to pieces on, vii. 25 _n._ 3

Cities, guardian deities of, evoked by enemies, iii. 391; Etruscan ceremony at the founding of, iv. 157

Citium (Chittim), in Cyprus, Phoenician kings at, v. 31, 50

_Citrus hystrix_, the afterbirth hung on a, i. 186

Civilization advanced by great conquering races, i. 218; threatened by an underlying stratum of savagery, i. 236; ancient, undermined by Oriental religions and other causes, v. 299 _sqq._

_Clach-nathrach_, serpent stone, xi. 311

Clam shell, sacred, of the Omahas, x. 11

Clan of the Cat, xi. 150 _sq._

Clangour of metal used to dispel demons, ix. 233

Clanking chains as a protection against witches, ix. 163

Clans, paternal and maternal, of the Herero, ii. 217

Clappers, used instead of church bells in Holy Week, x. 125; wooden, used in China, x. 137

Clarian Apollo, the, iv. 80 _n._ 1

Clark, J. V. H., on the New Year festival of the Iroquois, ix. 209

Clarke, E. D., on the bride-race among the Calmucks, ii. 301 _sq._; on image of Demeter at Eleusis, vii. 64 _n._ 2; on the Harvest Queen, vii. 146 _sq._; on heaps of sticks or stones on graves in Sweden, ix. 20 _sq._

Clashing of metal instruments a protection against witchcraft, ix. 158; used to dispel demons, ix. 233

Clasping of hands forbidden, iii. 298

Classificatory system of relationship, xi. 234 _n._ 1, 314 _n._ 4

Claudianus, Lucius Minius, on the goddess of Hieropolis-Castabala, v. 168

Claudius, the Emperor, shrine of, at Nemi, i. 13; trial for incest under, ii. 115; his marriage with Agrippina, ii. 129 _n._ 1; statues of, crowned with oak, ii. 177 _n._ 2; his history of Etruria, ii. 196 _n._; on the Etruscan origin of Servius Tullius, ii. 196 _n._; on the foreign descent of the Roman kings, ii. 270 _n._ 6; and the rites of Attis, v. 266; his execution of a Gaulish knight, x. 15

Claudius Gothicus, the Emperor, v. 266 _n._ 2

_Clavie_ at Burghead, made without the use of a hammer, iii. 229 _sq._; the burning of the, x. 266 _sq._

Clavigero, F. S., historian of Mexico, on the Mexican calendar, vi. 29 _n._; on Cinteotl, the Mexican goddess of maize, ix. 286 _n._ 1

Claws of sea-eagle, charm made from, i. 152

Clay, people smeared with white, at festival, viii. 75; plastered on girls at puberty, x. 31; bodies of novices at initiation smeared with white, xi. 255 _n._ 1. 259

Clayton, A. C., on a Badaga funeral, ix. 36

Claytonia, a species of, principal vegetable food of the aborigines of Central Australia, vii. 128

Cleanliness promoted by contagious magic, i. 175, 342; fostered by superstition, iii. 130; personal, observed in war, iii. 157, 158 _n._ 1

Cleansing streets from superstitious motive, beneficial effect of, ix. 205 _sq._

Clearing land for cultivation, ceremonies to appease the tree spirits at, ii. 36, 38 _sq._

Cleary, Bridget, burnt as a witch in Tipperary, x. 323 _sq._

Cleary, Michael, burns his wife as a witch, x. 323 _sq._

Clee, in Lincolnshire, the Yule log at, x. 257

Clee Hills, in Shropshire, fear of witchcraft in the, x. 342 _n._ 4

Cleft stick, passage through a, in connexion with puberty and circumcision, xi. 183 _sq._

Clement of Alexandria on the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 39

Cleomenes, king of Sparta, and serpents, v. 87

Cleon of Magnesia at Gades, v. 113

Cleostratus of Tenedos, said to have introduced the Greek octennial cycle, vii. 81

Clergyman employed to cut first corn at harvest, viii. 51

Cleveland in Yorkshire, treatment of the placentas of mares at, i. 199

_Climacteris scandens_, women’s “sister” among the Kulin, xi. 216

Climatic and geographical conditions, their effect on national character,