viii. 124

Catalonia, funeral of Carnival in, iv. 225

Catania in Sicily, the vineyards of, v. 194; gardens of Adonis at, v. 245

Catat, Dr., his difficulty in photographing in Madagascar, iii. 98

Caterpillars, superstitious precautions against, viii. 275 _sq._, 279, 280; bonfires as a protection against, x. 114

Catgut plant in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Catholic Church, ritual of the, v. 54; ceremonies on Good Friday in the, v. 254, 255 _sq._; institutes feasts of All Saints and All Souls, vi. 83; enjoins continence during Lent, ix. 348; consecrates the Midsummer festival to St. John the Baptist, x. 181

—— custom of dedicating candles, i. 13; as to partaking of the Eucharist, viii. 83; of eating effigies of the Madonna, viii. 94

—— Germany, St. Leonhard in, i. 7

—— times in Scandinavia, i. 16

Catlin, George, on the power of medicine-men in North America, i. 356; on the conciliation of the spirits of slain foes, iii. 182

Cato, the Elder, on dedication of Arician grove to Diana, i. 22, 23; on expiation for thinning a grove, ii. 122; on the fodder of cattle, ii. 328 _n._ 1; on lucky and unlucky trees, iii. 275 _n._ 3; on a Roman cure for dislocation, xi. 177

Cats worshipped in Egypt, i. 29 _sq._; witches changed into, ii. 334, x. 315 _n._ 1, 317, 318, 319 _sq._, xi. 311 _sq._; with stumpy tails, reason of, iii. 128 _sq._; burnt in bonfires, x. 109, xi. 39 _sq._; perhaps burnt as witches, xi. 41. _See also_ Cat

Cattle, magical stones for the increase of, i. 162; Zulu charm to recover strayed, i. 212; fire tied to tails of, in rain-charm, i. 303; sacrificed in rain-making, i. 350; influence of tree-spirits on, ii. 50 _sq._, 55, 124 _sq._; crowned, as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 75, 126 _sq._, 339, 341; under the protection of woodland spirits, ii. 124 _sq._; crowned at the Ambarvalia, ii. 127 _n._ 2; and milk, importance of, for the early Italians, ii. 324; Roman personal names derived from, ii. 324 _n._ 1; driven to pasture for the first time on St. George’s Day, ii. 331; bred by the people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 _n._ 3; continence observed for sake of, iii. 204; protected against wolves by charms, iii. 307; sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 _n._ 1; driven out to pasture at Whitsuntide, iv. 207 _n._ 1; last sheaf given to, vii. 134, 155, 158, 161, 170; (plough oxen) Yule or Christmas Boar given to the, vii. 301, 302, 303; worship of, viii. 35, 37 _sqq._; first-fruits offered to, viii. 118; ceremony for recovering lost, ix. 14; disease of, transferred to scapegoats, ix. 32 _sq._; exposed to attacks of witches, ix. 162; beaten to do them good, ix. 266 _sq._; sacrificed at holy oak, x. 181; protected against sorcery by sprigs of mullein, x. 190; fire carried round, x. 201, 206; driven out to pasture in spring and back in autumn, x. 223; acquire the gift of speech on Christmas Eve, x. 254; driven through the need-fire, x. 270 _sqq._; killed by fairy darts, x. 303; lighted brands carried round, x. 341; thought to benefit by festivals of fire, xi. 4, 7; fumigated with smoke of Midsummer herbs, xi. 53. _See also_ Cows

Cattle and sheep driven through, round, or between bonfires, ii. 327, x. 108, 109, 141, 154, 157, 158, 159, 165, 175, 176, 179, 185, 188, 192, 202, 203, 204, 285, 301, xi. 8, 9, 11 _sq._, 13

Cattle disease, the Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176; attributed to witchcraft, x. 302 _sq._, 343. _See also_ Murrain

—— -plague, need-fire kindled as a remedy for, x. 270 _sqq._; sacrifice of an animal to stay a, x. 300 _sqq._

—— -rearing tribes of South Africa, their dread of menstruous women, x. 79 _sq._

—— stall, the, at Athens, ii. 137

Catullus on Diana, i. 6, 16; on self-mutilation of a priest of Attis, v. 270

Caucasus, the Pshaws of the, i. 182; the Chewsurs of the, i. 282, vi. 65; the Abchases of the, i. 282 _n._ 4, ii. 370, viii. 105; the Albanians of the, iii. 349, v. 73, ix. 218; the Cheremiss of the, iii. 391; funeral games among the people of the, iv. 97 _sq._; sacraments of pastoral tribes in the, viii. 313

Caul, children born with a, can see spirits and are counted lucky, i. 187 _sq._, 199; used to fertilize a rice-field, i. 190 _sq._; guardian spirit of child thought to reside in its, i. 199 _sq._ _See also_ Cauls

Caul-fat extracted by Australian enemies, iii. 303; human, rubbed on body as a magical ointment, viii. 162

“Cauld airn,” a protective charm, iii. 233

Cauldron, the magical, which makes the old young again, v. 181

Cauls bought by advocates, i. 199

Caunians of Asia Minor, their expulsion of foreign gods, ix. 116

Causal sequences in nature, recognition of, i. 374

Cauxanas, Indian tribe of the Amazon, kill all their first-born children, iv. 185 _sq._

Cava, preparation and drinking of, viii. 131

Cavan, County, legendary idol in, iv. 183

Cave, spirit of, worshipped, i. 302; human god in, i. 394 _sq._; of Apollo at Hylae, i. 386; spirit of reindeer in, viii. 245; initiation of medicine-men by spirits in, xi. 237 _sqq._ _See also_ Caves

Cave of Cruachan, the “Hell-gate of Ireland,” x. 226

Caverns of Demeter, v. 88

Caves, prehistoric paintings of animals in, i. 87 _n._ 1; in which ceremonies for producing rain are performed, i. 301 _sq._; limestone, v. 152; in Semitic religion, v. 169 _n._ 3 _See also_ Cave

Cavo, Monte, in the Alban Hills, i. 2

Cawthorne, in Yorkshire, May garlands (hoops) at, ii. 62 _sq._

Caxton, in Cambridgeshire, ii. 71 _n._ 1

Cayeli, in Buru, sacrifice of girl to crocodile in, ii. 152

Cayenne, the Indians of, their belief in the transmigration of human souls into fish, viii. 285

Cayor, in Senegal, king of, not allowed to cross the river or the sea, iii. 9

Cayzac, P., on confession among the Akikuyu, iii. 214

Cazembe, the king of, not to be seen drinking, iii. 118

Cazembes, the, of Angola, their dread of contact with their king, iii. 132 _sq._

Cecrops, first king of Attica, married the daughter of his predecessor,