xi. 242;

kept in men’s clubhouse, xi. 242; named after dead men, xi. 242 _n._ 1

Bull-shaped deities, vii. 3 _sqq._

Bull’s blood drunk as means of inspiration, i. 381 _sq._; as ordeal, i. 382 _n._ 1; bath of, in the rites of Attis, v. 274 _sq._

—— hide, bride seated on a, vi. 246; cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, vi. 249

—— skin, body of the dead placed in a, vi. 15 _n._ 2

Bullets, magical treatment of, i. 110; magical modes of averting, i. 130; blessed by St. Hubert used to shoot witches with, x. 315 _sq._

Bullock, bewitched, burnt to cause the witch to appear, x. 303

Bullocks as scapegoats, ix. 34, 35

Bulloms, the, of Sierra Leone, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318

Bulls sacrificed to water-spirits, ii. 157; husband-god at Hierapolis seated on, v. 163; sacrificed at caves of Pluto, v. 206; sacrificed to Persephone, v. 213 _n._ 1; sacrificed to dead chiefs, vi. 191; eaten to make eater brave, viii. 140; as scapegoats in Cashmeer, ix. 190 _n._ 5; as scapegoats in ancient Egypt, ix. 216 _sq._

——, sacred, of ancient Egypt, viii. 34 _sqq._

Bulmer, J., on concealment of personal names among the aborigines of Victoria, iii. 321

Bundelcund, stopping rain in, i. 296

Bundles of sticks representing ancestors, ii. 214, 216

Bunjil Kraura, a wind-maker of the Kurnai, i. 324

Bunsen, Baron C. C. J., on St. Hippolytus, i. 21 _n._ 2

Bunyoro, in Central Africa, scapegoats sent to, ix. 195

Bunzlau, district of Silesia, last sheaf made up in shape of ox in, vii. 289 _sq._

Burchard, Bishop of Worms, his condemnation of a heathen practice, xi. 191

_Bures_, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 110 _n._ 1, 111 _n._ 1

Burford, in Oxfordshire, Midsummer giant and dragon at, xi. 37

Burgebrach in Bavaria, straw-man burnt on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 232

Burghead, the burning of the Clavie at, iii. 229 _sq._, x. 266 _sq._; the old rampart at, x. 267 _sq._

Burghers or Badagas. _See_ Badagas

Burglars, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 _sq._

Burgundians deposed their kings for failure of the crops, i. 366

Burgundy, Firebrand Sunday in, x. 114 the Yule log in, x. 254

Burial at flood tide, i. 168 alive of unfaithful virgins in Rome and Peru, ii. 228, 244 alive, in other cases, ii. 228 _n._ 5 at night, iii. 15 of the aged, iv. 11 _sq._ in jars, iv. 12 _sq._ of Shrove Tuesday, iv. 228

—— of infants, ix. 45 to ensure their rebirth, iv. 199 _sq._, v. 91, 93 _sqq._

—— under a running stream, iii. 15 at cross-roads, v. 93 _n._ 1 at Gezer, v. 108 _sq._ of Osiris in his rites, vi. 88

—— of the wren in the Isle of Man, viii. 318 _sq._

Burial customs, certain, perhaps designed to ensure reincarnation, i. 101 _sqq._ to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 51,52

—— -grounds, magical stones kept in, i. 163 regarded as holy, ii. 31 deemed sacred, viii. 111

—— rites intended to deceive ghosts or demons, viii. 97 _sqq._

Burials, customs as to shadows at, iii. 80 _sq._ fictitious, to divert the attention of demons from the real burials, viii. 98 _sqq._ passing through narrow openings after, xi. 175 _sq._, 177 _sq._, 178 _sq._

Buring Une, a Kayan goddess, vii. 93

Burkitt, Professor F. C., on Jesus Barabbas, ix. 420 _n._ 1

Burlesques of ecclesiastical ritual, ix. 336 _sq._

Burma, magical images in, i. 62 _sq._ the Shans of, i. 128, 308 the Karens or Karennis of, i. 209, ii. 69, 107, iii. 13, 43, 250, 252, 292, iv. 130 _n._ 1, vii. 10, 189, xi. 157 rain-making by means of fish in, i. 288 _sq._ king of, claims divinity, i. 400 _sq._ the En of, ii. 41 Sagaing district of, ii. 46 Kengtung in, ii. 150 the Kachins of, ii. 237, iii. 200, viii. 120 fire on hearth extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 _n._ 4 kings of, screened from public gaze, iii. 125 _sq._ the Sotih of, iii. 237 royal princes executed without bloodshed in, iii. 242 the Sgaus of, iii. 337 names of the kings of, not to be pronounced by their subjects, iii. 375 the Bghais of, vi. 60 securing the rice-soul in, vii. 189 _sqq._ the Taungthu of, vii. 190 the Szis of Upper, vii. 203 _sq._ custom of threshing rice in, vii. 203 _sq._ head-hunting in, vii. 256 offering of first-fruits to the king of, viii. 116; the Chins of, viii. 121; ravages of rats in, viii. 282 _n._ 8; sacred fish in, viii. 291; heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12; belief in demons in, ix. 95 _sq._; expulsion of demons in, ix. 116 _sq._; the tug-of-war in, ix. 175 _sq._

Burmese, their conception of the soul as a butterfly, iii. 51 _sq._; their belief as to ghosts of men who have died a violent death, iii. 90; their conduct during an earthquake, v. 201

—— cure by burying effigy of sick man, viii. 103

—— custom on return from a funeral, iii. 51

—— doctrine of _nats_, ix. 175

—— Lent, ix. 349 _sq._

—— mode of rain-making, i. 284; of disposing of cut hair and nails, iii. 277

—— recall of lost soul, iii. 51 _sq._

—— superstitions as to the head, iii. 253

Burne, Miss C. S., on Devonshire custom of “crying the neck,” vii. 266

——, Miss C. S., and Miss G. F. Jackson, on “Souling Day” in Shropshire, vi. 78 _sq._; on the fear of witchcraft in Shropshire, x. 342 _n._ 4

Burning refuse of food as a magical means of causing the eater to fall ill, i. 341; of sacred trees or poles, ii. 141 _sq._; of cut hair and nails to prevent them being used in sorcery, iii. 281 _sqq._; of Melcarth, v. 110 _sqq._; of Sandan and Hercules, v. 117 _sqq._, 388 _sqq._; of Cilician gods, v. 170 _sq._; of Sardanapalus, v. 172 _sqq._; of Croesus, v. 174 _sqq._; of a god, v. 188 _sq._; of last sheaf of corn, vii. 146; of the Clavie at Burghead, x. 266 _sq._; of a bewitched animal or part of it to cause the witch to appear, x. 303, 305, 307 _sq._; of human beings in the fires, xi. 21 _sqq._; of live animals at spring and Midsummer festivals, xi. 38 _sqq._; the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 _sq._, 43 _sq._; of human victims annually, xi. 286 _n._ 2

—— alive as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 243; human victims to prolong king’s life, vi. 226; human victims of Fire-god, ix. 301; animals to stay cattle-plague, x. 300 _sqq._

—— effigies of the Carnival, iv. 223, 224, 228 _sq._, 229 _sq._, 232 _sq._; of Shrove Tuesday, iv. 227 _sqq._; of Winter at Zurich, iv. 260 _sq._; in the Midsummer fires, x. 195

—— the Easter Man, x. 144

“—— the Old Wife (Old Woman),” x. 116, 120

Burning the Old Witch, vii. 224

“—— the Old Year,” at Biggar, ix. 165; among the Biyars of North-Western India, ix. 230 _n._ 7

—— the Witches (invisible or represented by effigies) on May Day in the Isle of Man, ii. 54, x. 157, in the Tyrol, ix. 158 _sq._; on Walpurgis Night in Bohemia, ix. 161, x. 159, in Silesia and Saxony, ix. 161, x. 160; on Twelfth Night in Herefordshire, ix. 319; on the first Sunday in Lent in Luxemburg, the Tyrol, and Swabia, x. 116, in Switzerland, x. 118 _sq._; on Beltane (May Day) in Scotland, x. 154; at Hallowe’en in Scotland, x. 232 _sq._; “Burning the Witches” name for fires of European festivals, xi. 43

—— witches (in flesh and blood) among the Baganda, ix. 19; at Leith, ix. 165; in Germany, x. 6; after shaving them, xi. 158

Burning discs thrown into the air, x. 116 _sq._, 119, 143, 165, 166, 168 _sq._, 172

—— -glass or mirror, fire kindled by, ii. 207 _n._ 1, 243, 244 _n._ 1

—— wheels rolled down hill, x. 116, 117 _sq._, 119, 141, 143, 161, 162 _sq._, 163 _sq._, 166, 173, 174, 201, 328, 334, 337 _sq._; rolled over fields at Midsummer to fertilize them, x. 191, 340, _sq._; perhaps to burn witches, x. 345

Burnings for dead kings of Judah, v. 177 _sq._; for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, v. 178

Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, v. 230 _sq._; “bonny woods and braes” of Loudon, x. 207; on Hallowe’en, x. 234

Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, v. 179 _sq._

—— Land of Lydia, v. 193 _sq._

—— sacrifices to stay cattle-plague in England, Wales, and Scotland, x. 300 _sqq._

Burrha, river, Hera’s bath in the, v. 280

Burs, homoeopathic magic of, i. 144; a preservative against witchcraft, x. 177

Buru, East Indian island, sacrifice of girl to crocodile in, ii. 152; oil made by unmarried girls in, iii. 201; natives of, forbidden to utter their own names, iii. 324; names of relations tabooed among the Alfoors of, iii. 341; unlawful to use words resembling the names of the dead in, iii. 361; use of oil as a charm in, v. 21 _n._ 2; the natives of, ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183; “eating the soul of the rice” in, viii. 54; dog’s flesh eaten to make eater brave in, viii. 145; demons of sickness expelled in a proa from, ix. 186

Buryat shaman, his mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 56 _sq._

Buryats of Siberia place the bones of dead shamans in trees, ii. 32

“Burying the Carnival,” iv. 209, 220 _sqq._

—— bewitched animals alive, x. 324 _sqq._

—— the evil spirit, ix. 110

—— girls at puberty in the ground, x. 38 _sqq._

“—— the sheaf” in Ireland, i. 69

Bush negroes of Surinam set up two-headed idols at entrance of villages,