viii. 156

Bottesford, in Lincolnshire, mistletoe deemed a remedy for epilepsy at, xi. 83

Bottle, external soul of queen in a, xi. 138

Bouche, Abbé, on West African priestesses, v. 66 _n._ 3, 69

Bougainville Straits, the natives of, their observation of the Pleiades and Orion’s belt, vii. 313; their expulsion of demons, ix. 116; use of bull-roarers in, xi. 229 _n._

Bough, the Golden, xi. 279 _sqq._; plucked by Aeneas, i. 11, ii. 379; and the King of the Wood, i. 11, x. 1; the plucking of it not a piece of bravado, ii. 123 _sq._; grew on an evergreen oak, ii. 379; a branch of mistletoe, xi. 284 _sqq._, 315 _sqq._ _See also_ Golden Bough

Boughs, green, a charm against witches, ii. 52-55, 127. _See also_ Branches

Boulia district of Queensland, magical pointing bones in the, x. 14

_Bouphonia_, “the murder of the ox,” ritual flight at the, ii. 309 _n._ 2; an Athenian sacrifice, viii. 4 _sqq._

_Bouphonion_, a Greek month, viii. 6 _n._

Bourail, in New Caledonia, ceremony at eating the new yams at, viii. 53

Bourbonnais, the Fox in the corn in, vii. 296; mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy in, xi. 83

Bourbourg, Brasseur de, on Mexican human sacrifices in connexion with the crops, vii. 237

_Bourdifailles_, bonfires on first Sunday in Lent, x. 111 _n._ 1

Bourges, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent in, iv. 242

Bourgogne, in Ain, the Fox in the last sheaf at, vii. 297

Bourke, Captain J. G., on the Pimas, iii. 184; on mock human sacrifices in Arizona, iv. 215; on the totem clans of the Zuni, viii. 178; on the bull-roarer, xi. 231

Bourlet, A., on the belief of the Thay in spirits, ix. 97 _sqq._

Bouzygai, “Ox-yokers,” priestly family at Eleusis, curses uttered by the, vii. 108 _sq._

_Bouzygios_, epithet applied to the Sacred Ploughing at Athens, vii. 109 _n._ 1

Bovillae, King of the Sacred Rites at, i. 44 _n._ 1; Vejovis at, ii. 179; the Julian family at, ii. 179, 180 _n._

Bowels, novice at initiation supplied by spirits with a new set of, xi. 235 _sqq._

Bowes, in Yorkshire, need-fire at, x. 287

Box, strayed soul caught in, iii. 45, 70, 76; external soul of king in a, xi. 102, 149; external soul of cannibal in a, xi. 117. _See also_ Boxes

—— -tree, external soul of giant in a, xi. 133

Boxers at funerals, iv. 97

Boxes opened in house to facilitate childbirth, iii. 296; or arks, sacred, x. 11 _sq._ _See also_ Box

Boxing, in the pancratium, vii. 71 _n._ 5, viii. 131

Boxwood blessed on Palm Sunday, x. 184, xi. 47

Boy and girl produce need-fire by friction of wood, xi. 281

—— Bishop on Holy Innocents’ Day, ix. 336 _sqq._

Boys of living parents in ritual, vi. 236 _sqq._; dressed as girls to avert the Evil Eye, vi. 260; marriage customs to ensure the birth of, vi. 262; at initiation thought to be swallowed by wizards, xi. 233; at initiation thought to be born again, xi. 246 _sqq._

Brabant, Whitsuntide custom in, ii. 80; Midsummer fires in, x. 194; St. Peter’s bonfires in, x. 195; wicker giants in, xi. 35

Bracelets as amulets, iii. 55, 315, x. 92

Bradbury, Professor J. B., on hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. 139 _n._ 1

Braemar Highlanders, their Hallowe’en fires, x. 233 _sq._

Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva, the Hindoo Trinity, i. 225

Brahman, the Hindoo creator, x. 95

Brahman, priest, derivation of name, i. 229; not to blow a fire with his mouth, ii. 241; called “twice born,” xi. 276. _See also_ Brahmans

Brahman boys sacrificed, vii. 244; forbidden to see the sun, x. 68 _n._ 2

—— charms by treading on a stone, i. 160

—— fire-priests, ii. 247 _sqq._

—— householder supposed to become a deity through sacrifice, i. 380; new birth of the, i. 380 _sq._

—— marriage ceremony, i. 160

—— marriage in Southern India, bride dressed as a boy at, vi. 260

—— student, his cut hair and nails, iii. 277; his observances at end of his studentship, x. 20

—— teachers, taboos observed by, iii. 239

—— theology, gods at first mortal in, i. 373 _n._ 1

—— women in rain-making ceremonies, i. 283

_Brâhmanas_, the magical nature of the sacrifices prescribed in the, i. 228 _sq._

Brahmanic ritual at inauguration of a king, x. 4

Brahmanism akin to shamanism, i. 229; vestiges of, under Mohammedanism, ix. 90 _n._ 1

Brahmans deemed superior to the gods, i. 226; morning offerings of the, i. 314; thrice-born, i. 381; divinity of the, i. 403 _sq._; their common and secret names, iii. 322; the ceremonial swinging of, iv. 150, 156 _sq._; on transubstantiation, viii. 89; first-fruits of sugar-cane given to, viii. 119; sacrificial custom of the, ix. 25; as human scapegoats, ix. 42 _sq._, 44 _sq._; their theory of sacrifice, ix. 410 _sq._

Brahmapootra, head-hunting tribes in the valley of the, iv. 13

Brain, drippings of, used to acquire wisdom of dead, viii. 163 _sq._

Brains of enemies eaten to acquire their qualities, viii. 152

Braller in Transylvania, the hanging of Carnival at, iv. 230 _sq._; “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 247 _sqq._; the Harvest-cock at, vii. 276

Bramble, crawling under a, as a cure for whooping-cough, etc., xi. 180

Bran úa Faeláin, King of Leinster, saved by the voluntary death of fifty monks, iv. 159 _n._ 1

Branch of sacred cedar cut and brought home at wheat-sowing, ii. 50 _sq._; of hawthorn in bloom on May Day, ii. 52; of oak dipped in a spring as a rain-charm, ii. 359; lost soul brought back in a, iii. 67

Branches dipped in water as a rain-charm, i. 248, 250, 309, ii. 46 _sq._; not to be broken or cut in sacred groves, ii. 9, 10, 41 _sqq._; stuck in fields to ensure rain or an abundant crop, ii. 46, 47, 48; stuck in flax-fields to make the flax grow tall, ii. 86; used in exorcism, iii. 109; fatigue transferred to, ix. 8; sickness transferred to, ix. 186. _See also_ Bough, Boughs

Brand, John, on the Harvest Queen, vii. 146; on the Yule log, x. 247, 255

Brandenburg, Mark of, fruit-trees girt with straw at Christmas in, ii. 17; race of bride and bridegroom in, ii. 303; race to a sheaf on harvest-field in, vii. 137; cure for headache and giddiness in, ix. 52, 53; cure for toothache in, ix. 60; simples culled at Midsummer in, xi. 48

_Brandons_, the Sunday of the, first Sunday in Lent, x. 110; torches carried about fields and streets, x. 111 _n._ 1

Brands of Midsummer fires a protection against lightning, conflagration, and spells, x. 183; a protection against thunder, x. 191; lighted, carried round cattle, x. 341. _See also_ Sticks, charred

Brandy, North American Indian theory of, viii. 147

Bras Basah, a village on the Perak river, ix. 199

Brasidas, funeral games in his honour at Amphipolis, iv. 94

Brass rings as amulets, iii. 31, 314; instruments sounded to frighten away demons, ix. 147

Braunrode in the Harz Mountains, Easter fires at, x. 142

Braunsberg, in East Prussia, the Corn-goat at harvest at, vii. 282

Brauronia, festival of Brauronian Artemis, viii. 41 _n._ 3

Bray, Mrs., on Devonshire custom of “crying the neck,” vii. 265 _sq._

Brazen serpent, the, viii. 281

Brazier, walking through a lighted, xi. 3 _sqq._

Brazil, the Tupinambas of, i. 142, vii. 122; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210; the Guayana Indians of, iv. 12; the Apinagos of, vi. 145; the Kaua and Kobeua Indians of, vii. 111, ix. 236, 381; observation of the Pleiades by the Indians of, vii. 309 _sq._; the Bororos of, viii. 71, 207 _sq._, xi. 230 _n._; the Botocudos of, viii. 156; the Passes of, viii. 157; the Xomanas of, viii. 157; the Chiambioa Indians of, viii. 208 _n._ 1; the Tupi Indians of, viii. 272; the Guaranis of, x. 56; the Uaupes of, x. 61; effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 128; fires of St. John in, x. 213; the Caripunas of, xi. 230; the Nahuqua of, xi. 230; the Bakairi of, xi. 231

Brazil, Indians of, their rule as to hamstringing deer, i. 115; their charm to strengthen a girl’s teeth, i. 153; power of medicine-men among the, i. 358 _sq._; their explanation of headache, iii. 40; death from imagination among the, iii. 136; think that wind may be caused by reading, iii. 231; their indifference to death, iv. 138; their belief in the noxious influence of the moon on children, vi. 148; play various games of cat’s cradle, vii. 103 _n._ 1; women’s agricultural labours among the, vii. 122; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of animal flesh, viii. 139; their apologies to the ounces which they have caught in traps, viii. 235; at mouth of Amazon, beat themselves with an aquatic plant to increase their generative force, ix. 264; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 56, 59 _sq._; ordeals undergone by young men among the, x. 62 _sq._

——, Indians of North-Western, their masked dances, vii. 111 _sq._, ix. 236, 381

Bread, leavened, Flamen Dialis forbidden to touch, iii. 13; fast from, in mourning for Attis, v. 272; communion, baked from first corn cut, viii. 51; eaten sacramentally as the body of a god, viii. 86 _sqq._; unleavened, baked with new corn, viii. 136; the sacramental use of, viii. 167; reverence for, x. 13

Bread-fruit, magical stones to promote the growth of, i. 162 _sq._, 164; ceremony at eating the new, viii. 52 _sq._; tree planted over navel-string of child, xi. 163

Breadalbane, use of a scapegoat in, ix. 209; “hill of the fires” in, x. 149; treatment of mad cow in, x. 326

Breasted, Professor J. H., on the eye of Horus, vi. 121 _n._ 3; on Amenophis IV., vi. 123 _n._ 1; on the Sed festival, vi. 156 _n._ 1

Breath, holy fire not to be blown upon with the, ii. 241; of chief sacred, iii. 136, 256; of dying chief caught by his successor, iv. 198; not to defile sacred flame, v. 191

“——, scoring above the,” cutting a witch on the forehead, x. 315 _n._ 2

Breathing on a person as a mode of purification, iii. 149

Breconshire, the sin-eater in, ix. 43

Breech-cloth worn by widow to keep off her husband’s ghost, iii. 143

Breezes, magical means of securing, iv. 287

Breitenbrunn, the “Charcoal Man” at Midsummer at, xi. 26 _n._ 2

Brekinjska, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Brenner, J. von, on savage fear of being photographed, iii. 99

Bresse, the _Mariée_ in May in, ii. 96; “cutting off the fox’s tail” at harvest in, vii. 268; the King of the Bean in, ix. 315 _n._ 1; Midsummer bonfires in, x. 189

Brest, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 184

Bret Harte, _Relieving Guard_, iv. 66 _n._ 4; on the Spanish missions in California, viii. 171 _n._ 1

Breteuil, canton of, Midsummer fires in the, x. 187

Brethren of the Free Spirit, i. 408

—— of the Ploughed Fields (_Fratres Arvales_), a Roman college of priests, ii. 122, vi. 239, ix. 232. _See also_ Arval Brothers

Breton belief that women can be impregnated by the moon, x. 76

—— peasants, their way of getting rain, i. 306 _sq._; throw knives at the wind, i. 329

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 132 _sq._

—— superstitions as to the tides, i. 167

Bretons, their dread of noon, iii. 88

Brewing, continence observed at, iii. 200, 201 _sq._; water to be called by another name in, iii. 395

Brezina, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Brhaspati, as a magician, i. 241

Briançon, in Dauphiné, the Bridegroom of the Month of May at, ii. 92 _sq._; “the Cat of the ball-skin” at harvest at, vii. 280 _sq._

Briar-thorn, divination by, x. 242

Bribri Indians of Costa Rica, their ideas as to the uncleanness of women,