x. 282

Village May-poles in England, ii. 66 _sqq._

Villages, expulsion of demons from, ix. 111 _sqq._ _See also_ Pile-villages

Villagomez, Pedro de, on the Peruvian Maize-mother, etc., vii. 172 _n._ 2

Vimeux, Lenten fires at, x. 113

Vine, Flamen Dialis not allowed to walk under a, iii. 14, 248; the cultivation of, introduced by Osiris, vi. 7, 112; in relation to Dionysus, vii. 2. _See also_ Vines

——, wild, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251

Vine-branches used to beat people with at Easter, ix. 269

Vines blessed on the Assumption of the Virgin (15th August), i. 14 _sq._; Festival of the Threshing-floor held at the pruning of the, vii. 61

Vineyards dedicated to Artemis, i. 15

Vintage, first-fruits of, offered to Icarius and Erigone, iv. 283, viii. 133; inaugurated by priests, viii. 133; omens of, x. 164

—— in Greece, time of, vii. 47

Vintage festival, Oschophoria, at Athens, vi. 258 _n._ 6

—— rites at Athens, vi. 238

—— song, Phoenician, vii. 216, 257

Vintagers and vine-diggers, treatment of strangers by, vii. 257 _sq._

Violence done to the rain-powers in drought, i. 296 _sqq._

Violent deaths of the Roman kings, ii. 313 _sqq._

Violets sprung from the blood of Attis, v. 267

Vipers sacred to balsam trees in Arabia, xi. 44 _n._ 1

Viracocha, name applied by the Peruvian Indians to the Spaniards, i. 56, 57 _n._

Virbius, the mate of Diana at Nemi, i. 19-21, 40 _sqq._, ii. 129, 378, v. 45; the mythical predecessor or archetype of the Kings of the Wood at Nemi, i. 40 _sq._, ii. 129; perhaps annually married to Diana at Nemi, ii. 129; perhaps a local form of Jupiter, ii. 379; etymology of the name, ii. 379 _n._ 5; restored to life by Aesculapius, iv. 214; interpreted as an oak-spirit, xi. 295

—— or Hippolytus killed by horses, iv. 214

—— and the horse, viii. 40 _sqq._

——, the slope of, i. 4 _n._ 5, ii. 321

Virgil, the witch in, i. 206 _n._ 4; the story of Polydorus in, ii. 33; on the oak-crowned kings of Alba, ii. 178; an antiquary as well as a poet, ii. 178; on the Capitoline hill, ii. 184; on the primitive inhabitants of Rome, ii. 186; on the Golden Bough, ii. 379, xi. 284 _sq._, 286, 293 _sq._, 315 _sqq._; the enchantress in, iii. 305; on the rustic militia of Latium, iii. 311; on Dido’s magical rites, iii. 312; on the game of Troy, iv. 76; on the creation of the world, iv. 108 _sq._; as an enchanter, viii. 281; on the fire-walk of the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 14

Virgin, the Assumption of the, in relation to Diana, i. 14-16; festival of the, in the Armenian Church, i. 16; in relation to Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 _n._ 1; blesses the fruits of the earth, x. 118; the hair of the Holy, found in ashes of Midsummer fire, x. 182 _sq._, 191; feast of the Nativity of the, x. 220 _sq._

—— and child supposed to sit on the Yule log, x. 253 _sq._

——, the Heavenly, mother of the Sun, v. 303

Virgin birth of Perseus, v. 302 _n._ 4

—— Mary and Isis, vi. 118 _sq._

—— Mary of Kevlaar, the pilgrimage to, i. 77

—— Mother, the Phrygian Mother Goddess as a, v. 281

——mothers, tales of, v. 264; of gods and heroes, v. 107

—— priestesses of Ephesian Artemis, i. 38; in Peru, Mexico, and Yucatan, ii. 243 _sqq._

Virginia, rites of initiation among the Indians of, xi. 266 _sq._

Virginity offered to rivers, ii. 162; test of, by blowing up a flame, ii. 239 _sq._, x. 139 _n._; sacrifice of, v. 60; recovered by bathing in a spring, v. 280

Virgins plant and gather olives, ii. 107; sacrificed to serpents, dragons, or other monsters, folk-tales of, ii. 155; supposed to conceive through eating certain food, v. 96; sacrificed to goddess in Mexico, vii. 237

Virgins of the Sun at Cuzco, x. 132

——, the Vestal, and the sacred fire, x. 136. _See also_ Vestal Virgins _and_ Vestals

Virility, hierophant at Eleusis temporarily deprived of his, ii. 130; sacrifice of, to Cybele, ii. 144 _sq._; sacrifice of, in the rites of Attis and Astarte, v. 268 _sq._, 270 _sq._; other sacrifices of, v. 270 _n._ 2; supposed to be lost by contact with menstruous women, x. 81

_Viscum album_, common mistletoe, xi. 315 _sqq._

—— _quernum_, xi. 317

Vishnu invoked at rain-making, i. 283; a Brahman sacrificer supposed to become, i. 380; embodied in the _Salagrama_, a fossil ammonite, ii. 26, 27 _n._; supposed to pervade the Holy Basil (_tulasi_), ii. 26; mock human sacrifice in the worship of, iv. 216

Vision, charm by means of eagle’s gall to ensure good, i. 154; sharpness of, conferred by dragon-stone, i. 165 _n._ 6

Visiter, the Christmas, among the Servians, x. 261 _sq._, 263, 264

Visve Devah, the common mob of deities, a pap of boiled grain offered to, in ancient Hindoo ritual, viii. 120

Vitellius at Nemi, i. 5

—— and Otho, iv. 141

Viti Levu, the largest of the Fijian Islands, the drama of death and resurrection at initiation in, xi. 243

Vitrolles, bathing at Midsummer at, v. 248, x. 194

Vitruvius, on the origin of fire among men, ii. 257 _n._

Vituperation thought to cause rain, i. 278

Vitzilipuztli or Vitzilopochtli, Mexican god, dough image of him made and eaten sacramentally, viii. 86 _sqq._; young man annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 280 _sq._

Viza in Thrace, Carnival customs at, vi. 91, vii. 26, 28

Vizagapatam, in the Madras Presidency, human god at, i. 405; the Kudulu tribe near, vii. 244

Vizyenos, G. M., on a Carnival custom in Thrace, vii. 25 _n._ 4, 26

Vogel Mountains, burning wheels on the first Sunday in Lent near the, x. 118

Vohumano or Vohu Manah, a Persian archangel, ix. 373 _n._ 1

Voigtland, leaping as a charm to make flax grow tall in, i. 139 _n._; locks unlocked at childbirth in, iii. 296; toothache nailed into trees in, ix. 59; belief in witchcraft in, ix. 160; witches driven away in, ix. 160; “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268; young people beat each other at Christmas in, ix. 271; bonfires on Walpurgis Night in, x. 160; tree and person thrown into water on St. John’s Day in, xi. 27 _sq._; divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 53; mountain arnica gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 57 _sq._; wild thyme gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 64; precautions against witches in, xi. 73 _sq._

Volcanic eruptions supposed to be caused by incest, ii. 111

—— region of Cappadocia, v. 189 _sqq._

—— religion, v. 188 _sqq._

Volcano, criminals thrown into, ii. 111; sacrifice of child to, iv. 218. _See also_ Volcanoes

Volcano Bay, in Yezo, viii. 185

Volcanoes, fire perhaps first procured from, ii. 256; the worship of, v. 216 _sqq._; human victims thrown into, v. 219 _sq._

Volders, in the Tyrol, custom at threshing at, vii. 224

Volga, sacred groves among the tribes of the, ii. 10; the Cheremiss of the, viii. 51, x. 181

Volksmarsen in Hesse, Easter fires at, x. 140

Volos, the beard of, name given to unreaped patches of corn in Russia,