viii. 286, 293

Ventriloquism a basis of political power, i. 347

Ventriloquist as chief of his tribe, i. 347

Venus (Aphrodite) and Adonis, i. 21, 25, 40, 41, ix. 406. _See also_ Adonis, Aphrodite

——, the bearded, in Cyprus, vi. 259 _n._ 3

—— and Vulcan, vi. 231

Venus, the planet, identified with Astarte, v. 258, vi. 35

Venus’ fly-trap (_Dionaea_), homoeopathic magic of, i. 144

Vera Cruz, in Mexico, the Indian tribes of, dated the beginning of their years by the setting of the Pleiades, vii. 310

_Verbascum_, mullein, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 63 _sq._; its relation to the sun, xi. 64

_Verbena officinalis_, vervain, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 62

Verdun, “killing the dog” at harvest near, vii. 272

Verges, in the Jura, Lenten fire-custom at, x. 114 _sq._

Vermilion applied to bride in Hindoo marriage ceremony, ii. 25; faces of Roman generals at a triumph reddened with, ii. 175

Vermin from hair returned to their owner, iii. 278; propitiated by farmers, viii. 274 _sqq._; images of, made as a protection against them, viii. 280 _sq._; exorcized with torches, x. 340

Vernal festival of Adonis, v. 226

Verrall, A. W., as to Mohammed’s prohibition of the artificial fertilization of the palm, ii. 25 _n._ 1; on the _Anthesteria_, v. 235 _n._ 1; on the pyre of Hercules, ix. 391 _n._ 4

Verres, C., carried off image of Demeter from Henna, vii. 65

_Versipellis_, a were-wolf, x. 314 _n._ 1

Vertumnus and Pomona, vi. 235 _n._ 6

Vervain, root of, in homoeopathic cure, i. 84; garlands or chaplets of, at Midsummer, x. 162, 163, 165; burnt in the Midsummer fires, x. 195; used in exorcism, xi. 62 _n._ 4; gathered at Midsummer, a protection against thunder and lightning, sorcerers, demons, and thieves, xi. 62

Vesoul, the Cat at cutting the last corn at, vii. 280

Vespasian, monument of, at Nemi, i. 5 _sq._; German woman worshipped as a deity in the reign of, i. 391

Vespasian family, the oak of the, xi. 168

Vesper-bell on Midsummer Eve, xi. 62

Vessels used by tabooed persons destroyed, iii. 4, 131, 139, 145, 156, 185, 284; new or specially reserved, to hold new fruits, viii. 50, 53, 65, 66, 72, 81, 83

——, special, employed by tabooed persons, iii. 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 160, 167, 185, 189, 197, 198; reserved for eating bear’s flesh, viii. 196, 198; used by menstruous women, x. 86, 90; used by girls at puberty, x. 93

Vesta, her round temple, i. 13, ii. 200 _sq._; her sacred fires in Latium, i. 13 _sq._; worshipped at Lavinium, i. 14; her festival in June, ii. 127 _n._ 3; at Rome, the grove of, ii. 185; her fire at Rome fed with oak wood, ii. 186, xi. 91, 286; called Mother, not Virgin, ii. 198, 229; as Mother, ii. 227 _sqq._; a goddess of fecundity, ii. 229 _sq._; sacred fire in the temple of, annually kindled, x. 138

Vestal fire at Alba, i. 13; at Rome a successor of the fire on the king’s hearth, ii. 200 _sqq._; rekindled by the friction of wood, ii. 207; at Nemi, ii. 378 _sq._, 380

—— Virgin, mother of Servius Tullius, ii. 196; mother of Romulus and Remus, ii. 196, vi. 235

—— Virgins, in Latium, i. 13 _sq._; become mothers by the fire, ii. 196 _sq._; regarded as wives of the fire-god, ii. 198, 199, 229; relit the sacred fire of Vesta, ii. 207, x. 138; their function at the Parilia, ii. 229, 326; an order of, among the Baganda, ii. 246; their address to the King of the Sacred Rites, ii. 265; daughters of the Latin kings, ii. 271; their shorn tresses hung on a lotus-tree, iii. 275; rule as to their election, vi. 244; ceremonies performed by them on April 21st, viii. 42; their rule of celibacy, x. 138 _n._ 5

Vestals fetch water from the spring of Egeria, i. 18; African, ii. 150; house of the, at Rome, ii. 201; their coarse earthenware, ii. 202; of the Herero, ii. 213, 214; custom of burying alive unfaithful Vestals, ii. 228; at Rome the wives or daughters of the kings, ii. 228; adore the male organ, ii. 229; rites performed by them for the fertility of the earth and the fecundity of cattle, ii. 229, 326; Celtic, ii. 241 _n._ 1; Peruvian, ii. 243 _sqq._; in Yucatan, ii. 245 _sq._

—— and pontiffs threw puppets annually into the Tiber at Rome, viii. 107

Vestini, the ancient, Midsummer fires in the territory of, x. 209

Veth, P. J., on the Golden Bough, xi. 319

Vi River, the Orotchis of the, viii. 197

Vicarious and nutritive types of sacrifice, vi. 226

—— sacrifices in ancient Babylon and on the Slave Coast, iv. 117; in ancient Greece, iv. 165, 166 _n._ 1; for kings, iv. 220 _sq._

—— suffering, principle of, ix. 1 _sq._

—— use of images, viii. 96 _sqq._

Victim, passing between the pieces of a sacrificial, i. 289, 289 _n._ 4

——, human, taken in procession from door to door, vii. 247

Victims give signs of inspiration by shaking themselves, i. 384 _sq._

——, human, sacrificed to man-gods, i. 386, 387; treated as divine, vii. 250; assimilated to gods, vii. 261 _sq._; personating gods and goddesses in ancient Mexico, ix. 275 _sqq._; claimed by St. John on St. John’s Day (Midsummer Day), x. 27, 29; claimed by water at Midsummer, xi. 26 _sqq._ _See also_ Human sacrifices

Victims, sacrificial, hung on trees, v. 146; carried round city, iii. 188

——, white, sacrificed for sunshine, i. 291, 292, 314

Victoria, the late Queen, worshipped as a deity in Orissa, i. 404

Victoria, the Wotjobaluk of, i. 206, 251 _sq._; rain-making in, i. 251, 252; the Wurunjeri tribe of, iii. 42; the Kurnai of, iii. 83, 84; the Bad Country in, iii. 109; human hair used to cause rain by the tribes of, iii. 272; avoidance of wife’s mother among the tribes of, iii. 345 _sq._; difference of language between husbands and wives in some tribes of, iii. 347 _sq._; the Gowmditch-mara tribe of, iii. 348; personal names rarely perpetuated among the tribes of, iii. 353 _sq._; kinsfolk of the dead change their names in some tribes of, iii. 357; the natives of, their observation of Canopus and the Pleiades, vii. 308; sex totems in, xi. 217

——, aborigines of, use of magical images among the, i. 62; their custom as to teething, i. 180; contagious magic of footprints among the, i. 212; mourning custom among the, iii. 182 _n._ 2; concealment of personal names among the, iii. 321; fear of naming the dead among the, iii. 350, 365; changes in their vocabulary caused by their fear of naming the dead, iii. 359 _sq._; women’s share in the search for food among the, vii. 127 _sq._; their custom as to emu fat, x. 13; their dread of women at menstruation, x. 77 _sq._

——, in Vancouver’s Island, wind-stones at, i. 322

Victoria Nyanza, Lake, Kadouma near, i. 328; Ussukuma, on the southern bank of, i. 353, iii. 260; Mukasa, the god of the, ii. 150, vi. 257; customs of Baganda fishermen on, iii. 194 _sq._; the Wanyamwesi, to the south of, vii. 118; Kiziba, to the west of, viii. 219

Victory, temple of, on the Palatine Hill at Rome, v. 265

Vicuña, reason for not eating the, viii. 140

Vidovec in Croatia, Midsummer fires at, x. 178

Viehe, Rev. G., on the huts of the Herero, ii. 213 _n._ 2; on the fire-sticks of the Herero, ii. 218 _n._ 1; on sacred sticks representing ancestors among the Herero, ii. 222, 223 _sq._; on the worship of the dead among the Herero, vi. 187 _n._ 1

Vienne, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 _n._ 1; Midsummer fires in the department of, x. 191; the Yule log in, x. 251

Vieux-Pont, in Orne, game of ball at, ix. 183 _n._ 3

Vigil, the all-night, in the mysteries of Eleusis, vii. 38

Vikramaditya, legendary king of Ujjain in Western India, iv. 122 _sqq._, 132

_Vilavou_, New Year’s Men, the name given to newly initiated lads in Fiji,