ii. 283

Varro, on the oak groves of Rome, ii. 185; on the so-called temple of Vesta, ii. 200; on the foundation of Rome by shepherds and herdsmen, ii. 324 _n._ 1; on Pales, ii. 326; on Janus as a sky-god, ii. 381; on a Roman funeral custom, iv. 92; on suicides by hanging, iv. 282; on the marriage of the Roman gods, vi. 230 _sq._, 236 _n._ 1; his derivation of _Dialis_ from Jove, vi. 230 _n._ 2; on Salacia, vi. 233; on Fauna or the Good Goddess, vi. 234 _n._ 4; on the rites of Eleusis, vii. 88; on killing oxen in Attica, viii. 6; on annual sacrifice of goat on the Acropolis of Athens, viii. 41; on the fire-walk of the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 14 _n._ 3

Varuna, festival of, wife of the sacrificer obliged to name her paramours at the, iii. 217

Vase, external soul of habitual criminal in a, xi. 145 _sq._

Vase-paintings of Cadmus and the dragon, iv. 78, 79; of Croesus on the pyre, v. 176

Vashti, derivation of the name, ix. 366

—— and Esther, temporary queens, ix. 365, 401

—— and Haman the duplicates of Esther and Mordecai, ix. 406

Vasse River in Western Australia, mourners cut themselves for the dead on the, i. 91

Vaté, in the New Hebrides, the aged buried alive in, iv. 12

Vatican, worship of Cybele and Attis on the site of the, v. 275 _sq._

Vatican hill, evergreen oak on the, ii. 186

—— statue of Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 _n._ 1

Vaughan Stevens, H., on the wild tribes of the Malay region, ii. 236 _n._ 1

Veal eaten by Egyptian kings, iii. 13, 291

Veckenstedt, E., i. 326 _n._ 5

Vecoux, in the Vosges, cattle believed to talk on Christmas Eve at, x. 254

Vedas, the magical ritual of the, akin to shamanism, i. 229

Vedic age, the Aryans of the, their calendar, ix. 342

—— hymns, the fire-god Agni in the, xi. 295 _sq._

—— India, consecration of the sacrificer of soma in, iii. 159 _n._; belief and custom as to meteors in, iv. 63; swinging as a religious rite in, iv. 279 _sq._

—— rites, magical nature of, i. 229

—— times, charm to restore a banished prince in, i. 145; transference of sin in, ix. 3; cure for consumption in, ix. 51; the creed of the, ix. 90; riddles asked at sacrifice of horse in, ix. 122 _n._; the Aryans of the, ix. 324

Vedijovis, she-goat sacrificed like human victim to, vii. 33. _See also_ Vejovis

Vegetable and animal life associated in primitive mind, v. 5

—— food prescribed for man-slayers, iii. 167

Vegetables at Midsummer, their fertilizing influence on women, xi. 51

Vegetation, homoeopathic influence of persons on, i. 142; spirit of, newly awakened in spring, ii. 70; spirit of, brought to houses, ii. 74; spirit of, represented by mummers dressed in leaves, branches, and flowers, ii. 74 _sqq._, 78 _sqq._, 97; spirit of, represented by a tree and a living man, ii. 76; spirit of, represented in duplicate by a girl and an effigy, ii. 78; spirit of, represented by a king or queen, ii. 84, 87, 88; influence of the sexes on, ii. 97 _sqq._; men and women masquerading as spirits of, ii. 120; marriage of the powers of, ii. 142, 171; death and revival of the spirit of, iv. 212, 252, 263 _sqq._; perhaps generalized from a tree-spirit, iv. 253, v. 233; mythical theory of the growth and decay of, v. 3 _sqq._; annual decay and revival of, represented dramatically in the rites of Adonis, v. 227 _sqq._; gardens of Adonis charms to promote the growth of, v. 236 _sq._, 239; Midsummer fires and couples in relation to, v. 250 _sq._; Attis as a god of, v. 277 _sqq._; Osiris as a god of, vi. 112, 126, 131, 158; decay and growth of, conceived as the death and resurrection of gods, vii. 1 _sq._; Mars a deity of, ix. 229 _sq._; outworn deity of, ix. 231; processions representing spirits of, ix. 250; spirit of, burnt in effigy, xi. 21 _sq._; reasons for burning a deity of, xi. 23; leaf-clad representative of the spirit of, burnt, xi. 25; W. Mannhardt’s view that the victims burnt by the Druids represented spirits of, xi. 43

Vegetation-god, Easter an old vernal festival of the death and resurrection of the, ix. 328

Vehicle, expulsion of evils in a material, ix. 185 _sqq._, 198 _sqq._, 224

Vehicles, material, of immaterial things (fear, misfortune, disease, etc.), ix. 1 _sqq._, 22 _n._ 2, 23 _sqq._

Veil over mouth worn by Parsee priests, ii. 241, 241 _n._ 4

Veiling faces to avert evil influences, iii. 120 _sqq._

Veils worn by candidates for initiation at Eleusis, vii. 38

“Veins of the Nile,” near Philae, offerings of money and gold thrown into the, vi. 40

Vejovis, the Little Jupiter, ii. 179, 180 _n._ _See also_ Vedijovis

Velamas, in India, their belief as to third marriages being unlucky, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Veleda, deified woman among the Bructeri, i. 391

Vellalas, of Southern India, their custom at marrying a second, third, or fourth wife, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Velten, C., on an African Balder, xi. 312 _sq._

Vendée, custom at threshing in, vii. 149 _sq._

Veneti sacrifice white horses to Diomede, i. 27; on the Atlantic coast of Brittany, their boats of oak, ii. 353

Venezuela, province of Coro in, viii. 157; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15

Venison, taboos concerning, iii. 208 _sq._; Esquimaux rules as to eating, viii. 84; eaten as a protection against fever, viii. 143; not eaten by young men lest it make them timid like deer, viii. 144; not brought into hut by door, viii. 242 _sq._; not eaten because the souls of the dead are believed to be in deer,