iii. 250;

cut hair buried in, iii. 277; observation of the Pleiades in, vii. 313

Uisnech, in County Meath, great fair at, x. 158

Uist, in the Hebrides, rain-making in, i. 308; Beltane cakes in, x. 154

——, North, the harvest _Cailleach_ in, vii. 166; need-fire in, x. 293 _sq._

——, South, fairies at Hallowe’en in, x. 226; salt cake at Hallowe’en in, x. 238 _sq._

Uiyumkwi tribe, in Red Island, their treatment of girls at puberty, x. 39 _sq._

Ujjain, the old capital of Malwa, in Western India, iv. 132, 133; tradition as to killing kings after one day’s reign in, iv. 122 _sq._; Vikramaditya’s Gate at, iv. 124

Ukami, in German East Africa, xi. 313

_Ukpong_, external soul in Calabar, xi. 206

Ukraine, ceremony to fertilize the fields on St. George’s Day in the, ii. 103

Ulad Bu Aziz, Arab tribe in Morocco, their Midsummer fires, x. 214

Ulawa, one of the Solomon Islands, soul of dead man in a shark at, viii. 297; soul of dead man in bananas in, viii. 298

Uliase, East Indian island, fear to lose the shadow at noon in, iii. 87; sick people sprinkled with pungent spices in, iii. 105

Ullensvang, Hardanger, Norway, Whitsuntide Bride and Bridegroom at, ii. 92

Ulster, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. 12; tombs of the kings of, iv. 101

Ulysses wins Penelope in a foot-race, ii. 300 _sq._

—— and Aeolus, i. 326

Umbandine, king of the Swazies, expected to make rain for his people, i. 350

Umbrella, white, carried over Athenian priests and priestess, x. 20 _n._ 1; carried over bride in procession, x. 31

Umbrellas in ritual, x. 20 _n._ 1

Umbrians, ordeal of battle among the, ii. 321

Unalashka, one of the Aleutian Islands, stones piled on a grave in, ix. 16

Uncle, dead, worshipped among the Awemba, vi. 175

——, maternal, preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. 285; in marriage ceremonies in India, v. 62 _n._ 1

Unclean and sacred, correspondence of the rules regarding the, iii. 145

Unclean animals originally sacred, viii. 24

Uncleanness regarded as a vapour, iii. 152, 206; of man-slayers, of menstruous and lying-in women, and of persons who have handled the dead, iii. 169; of whalers, iii. 191, 207; of lion-killer, iii. 220; of bear-killers, iii. 221; caused by contact with the dead, vi. 227 _sqq._; ceremonial, among the Indians of Costa Rica, x. 65 _n._ 1; of women at menstruation, x. 76 _sqq._; and sanctity not clearly differentiated in the primitive mind, x. 97 _sq._ _See also_ Menstruous

Uncles named after their nephews, iii. 332

Unconquered Son, Mithra identified with the, v. 304

Uncovered in the open air, prohibition to be, iii. 3, 14

Underground Zeus, Greek ploughman prayed to, vii. 45, 50

Undiara in Central Australia, magical stones at, i. 147

Ungarisch Brod, in Moravia, dramatic contest between Summer and Winter among the Slavs near, iv. 257 _sq._

Unguent of lion’s fat, magic virtue of an, viii. 164; made from fat of crocodiles and snakes, x. 14

Uniformity of occupation in primitive society, i. 245; of nature, ii. 376

Unis, king of Egypt, mentioned in the Pyramid Texts, vi. 5

Universal healer, name given to mistletoe, xi. 77

Unkareshwar, the goddess of cholera at, ix. 194

Unkulunkulu, “the Old-Old-one,” the first man in the traditions of the Zulus, vi. 182

Unleavened bread baked with new corn at the harvest festival of the Natchez Indians, viii. 136

Unlucky, intercalary days regarded as, ix. 339 _sq._; Midsummer Day regarded as, xi. 29

—— children passed through narrow openings, xi. 190

—— marriages in India, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Unmasking a were-wolf or witch by wounding him or her, x. 315, 321

Unmatjera tribe of Central Australia, their disposal of foreskins at circumcision, i. 95 _sq._; burial customs of the, i. 102; their charm to ensure wakefulness, i. 154; their contagious magic of footprints, i. 208; their rites of initiation, xi. 234; initiation of a medicine-man in the, xi. 238

Unna, in Westphalia, treatment of the last sheaf at, vii. 138

Unnefer, “the Good Being,” a title of Osiris, vi. 12

Unreaped corn, patches of, left at harvest, viii. 233

Unreason, Abbot of, in Scotland, ix. 331

“Unspoken water” in marriage rites, vi. 245 _sq._

Unyoro, king of, his custom of drinking milk, iii. 119; not to be seen drinking, iii. 119; cowboy of the king of, iii. 159 _n._; diet of the king of, iii. 291 _sq._; kings of, put to death, iv. 34

Up-helly-a’, popular festival on January 29th in Shetland, ix. 168 _sq._, x. 269 _n._

Up-uat, Egyptian jackal-god, vi. 154

Upias, King, father of Bormus, vii. 216

Upis, a Hyperborean maiden, i. 34 _n._; a name of Artemis, i. 34 _n._

Upsala, popular assembly at, i. 366 _sq._; sacred grove at, ii. 9, 364, 365; temple of Frey at, ii. 144; images of Thor, Odin, and Frey at, ii. 364; sacrificial spring at, ii. 364; great temple and festival at, ii. 364 _sq._, iv. 58; sepulchral mound at, iv. 57, 161; sacrifice of king’s sons at, iv. 160; human sacrifices in the holy grove at, v. 289 _sq._, vi. 220; the reign of Frey at, vi. 100

Upulero, the spirit of the sun, in the Babar Archipelago, prayers for offspring to, i. 72

Ur, the fourth dynasty of, i. 417

Urabunna tribe of Central Australia, their fire-drill, ii. 209; their rites of initiation, xi. 234

Uranium, atomic disintegration of, viii. 305

Uranus mutilated by his son Cronus, iv. 192, v. 283

Uraons. _See_ Oraons

Urewera, in New Zealand, magic use of spittle in, iii. 288

Uri-melech or Adom-melech, king of Byblus, v. 14

Urns, funereal, in shape of huts, ii. 201 _sq._

Urquhart, Sir Thomas, on the Lord of Misrule, ix. 332

Urua, in Central Africa, divinity claimed by the chief of, i. 395

Urvasi and King Pururavas, Indian story, ii. 250, iv. 131

Usagara hills in German East Africa, the Wamegi of the, vii. 240

Usener, H., on Befana at Rome, ix. 167 _n._ 1; on the etymology of Veturius, ix. 229 _n._ 2

Ushnagh, in Ireland, pagan cemetery at, iv. 101

Usirniri, temple of, at Busiris, vi. 151

Usondo, the lord of rain, in Zululand, i. 303

Ussingen, in Nassau, saying as to wind in corn at, vii. 296

Ussukuma (Usukuma), district on the southern bank of Lake Victoria Nyanza, sultans of, expected to make rain and drive away locusts, i. 353; heads not to be shaved till corn is sown in, iii. 260

_Ustrels_, a species of vampyre in Bulgaria, supposed to attack cattle, x. 284

Utch Kurgan, in Turkestan, human scapegoat at, ix. 45

Uttoxeter, May garlands at, ii. 61

Ututwa, sultan of, expelled for drought, i. 353

Uuayayab, demon of evil in Yucatan, ix. 171

Uwet, tribe on the Calabar River, their excessive use of the poison ordeal, iv. 197

Vagney, in the Vosges, Christmas custom at, x. 254

Vagueness and inconsistency of primitive thought, xi. 301 _sq._

Val di Ledro, effigy burnt in the, at Carnival, x. 120

Valais, the canton of, Midsummer fires in, x. 172; cursing a mist in, x. 280

Vale of Tempe, Apollo purified from the dragon’s blood in the, iv. 81, vi. 240

Valenciennes, Lenten fire-custom at, x. 114 _n._ 4

Valentines at bonfires, x. 109 _sq._

Valerius Soranus, said to have divulged the name of Rome, iii. 391

Valesius, on the standard Egyptian cubit, vi. 217 _n._ 1

Valhalla, the dead in battle received by Odin in, iv. 13

Vallabhacharyas or Maharajas, a Hindoo sect, believe that barren women can be fertilized by bathing in a sacred well, ii. 160; men assimilated to women in the, vi. 254. _See also_ Maharajas

Vailancey, General Charles, on Hallowe’en customs in Ireland, x. 241 _sq._

Vallée des Bagnes, cursing a mist in the, x. 280

Vallericcia, near the Alban Lake, archaic Greek relief found in the, i. 11 _n._ 1

Valley of Hinnom, sacrifices of children to Moloch in the, iv. 169, v. 178

—— of the Kings of Thebes, vi. 90

—— of Poison, in Java, v. 203 _sq._

Vampyres, charms against, ix. 153 _n._ 1; need-fire kindled as a safeguard against, x. 284 _sqq._, 344

Vancouver Island, the Lkungen Indians of, i. 145; wind-stones in, i. 322; the Ahts of, vi. 139 _n._ 1, x. 43; the Songish or Lkungen tribe of, viii. 254

Vanua Lava, in the Banks Islands, avoidance of wife’s mother at, iii. 85

Vapour thought to be exhaled by lying-in women and hunters, iii. 152, 206, 213; supposed, of blood and corpses, iii. 210 _sq._; supposed to be produced by the violation of a taboo, iii. 212

Vapour bath taken by girls at puberty, x. 40

Vapours, worship of mephitic, v. 203 _sqq._

Var, Midsummer fires in the French department of, x. 193

Varanda, in Armenia, rain-charm at, i. 306

Varé, African kingdom, power of rain-making ascribed to the kings of, i. 348

Varini, a tribe akin to the Saxons, marriage with a step-mother among the,