vii. 295;

customs at sowing to keep off birds and insects in, viii. 274 _sq._; belief as to children born on a Sunday in, xi. 288 _n._ 5. _See also_ Transylvanian

——, the Germans of, iii. 296, 310

——, the Roumanians of, iii. 88, 89, 238, ix. 16, 106 _sq._, x. 13; harvest custom among, v. 237

——, the Saxons of, iii. 294, iv. 230, 248, 254, vii. 285, 295, viii. 274; harvest customs among, v. 237 _sq._; story of the external soul among, xi. 116

Transylvanian gipsies, their way of stopping rain, i. 296

—— Saxons, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 138

—— sowers carry locks as a charm to keep off birds, iii. 308

Traps for devils, iii. 59, 69 _n._ 4; set for souls, iii. 70 _sq._

Trasimene Lake, battle of, iv. 186

Traunstein, district of Upper Bavaria, the Oats-goat at harvest thought to be in the last sheaf of oats in, vii. 287; the last standing corn called the Sow in, vii. 298

Travail, women in, knots on their garments untied, iii. 294. _See also_ Childbirth

Travancore, special terms used with reference to persons of the blood-royal in, i. 401 _n._ 3; serpents spoken of respectfully in, iii. 402; dancing-girls in, v. 63 _sqq._; infants placed in winnowing-fans in, vii. 8 _sq._; customs at executions in, viii. 272; the Rajah of, his sins transferred to a Brahman, ix. 42 _sq._; demon-worship in, ix. 94; women deemed liable to be attacked by demons in, x. 24 _n._ 2; the Pulayars of, x. 69

Travellers make knots in their garments as a charm, iii. 306

Travexin, in the Vosges, witch as hare at, x. 318

Treason, old English punishment of, v. 290 _n._ 2

Treasures guarded by demons, xi. 65; found by means of fern-seed, xi. 65, 287; discovered by divining-rod, xi. 68; revealed by springwort, xi. 70; revealed by mistletoe, xi. 287, 291; bloom in the earth on Midsummer Eve, xi. 288 _n._ 5

Treasury of Minyas at Orchomenus, iv. 164

Treasury Islanders, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313

Treaty, blood of contracting parties sprinkled on their footprints in making a, i. 211

Trebius on the springwort, xi. 71

Tree thought to cause blindness, i. 147; extracted teeth placed in a, i. 176; child’s life thought to be bound up with the tree which was planted with its navel-string, i. 182, 184; embraced by barren women in hopes of obtaining offspring, i. 182; the navel-string planted with or under a, i. 182, 184, 186, 196; navel-string hung on a, i. 185, 186, 190, 198; the afterbirth buried under a, i. 186, 187, 188, 194, 195; the afterbirth hung on a, i. 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 194, 198, 199; that has been struck by lightning, i. 319; on which an eagle has built its nest deemed holy, ii. 11; culprits tied to sacred, ii. 112 _sq._; origin of men and cattle from a sacred, ii. 219; fire kindled from ancestral, ii. 221; decked with bracelets, anklets, etc., v. 240; soul of a, in a bird, vi. 111 _n._ 1; disease transferred to, ix. 6; use of stick cut from a fruitful, ix. 264; burnt in the Midsummer bonfire, x. 173 _sq._, 180, 183; external soul in a, xi. 102, 156. _See also_ Trees

Tree of life in Eden, v. 186 _n._ 4

Tree-agates, homoeopathic magic of, i. 164 _sq._

—— -bearers (_Dendrophori_) in the worship of Cybele and Attis, v. 266 _n._ 2, 267

—— -creeper (_Climacteris scandens_), women’s “sister” among the Yuin, xi. 216

—— -gods banned at building a house, ix. 81

—— -spirit in the shape of a bull, ii. 14; represented simultaneously in vegetable and human form, ii. 73 _sqq_.; representative of, thrown into water to ensure rain, ii. 75, 76; killing of the, iv. 205 _sqq._; resurrection of the, iv. 212; in relation to vegetation-spirit, iv. 253; Osiris as a, vi. 107 _sqq._; effigies of, burnt in bonfires, xi. 21 _sqq._; human representatives of, put to death, xi. 25; human representative of the, perhaps originally burnt at the fire-festivals, xi. 90

—— -spirits, ii. 7 _sqq._; threatened, ii. 20 _sqq._; in house-timber propitiated, ii. 39 _sq._; beneficent powers of, ii. 45 _sqq._; give rain and sunshine, ii. 45 _sq._; make crops grow, ii. 47 _sqq._; make cattle and women fruitful, ii. 50 _sqq._, 55 _sqq._, xi. 22; in human form or embodied in living people, ii. 71 _sqq._; fear of, iii. 412 _sq._; in the form of serpents, xi. 44 _n._ 1

—— -stone, marvellous virtue of a, i. 165 _n._ 1

—— -worship in ancient Rome, ii. 8; among the ancient Germans, ii. 8 _sq._; among the European families of the Aryan stock, ii. 9 _sqq._; among the Lithuanians, ii. 9; in ancient Greece and Italy, ii. 9 _sq._; among tribes of the Finnish-Ugrian stock in Europe, ii. 10 _sq._; notions at the root of, ii. 11 _sqq._; in modern Europe, relics of, ii. 59 _sqq._

Trees married to men and women, i. 40 _sq._, ii. 57; foreskins placed in, i. 95 _sq._; extracted teeth deposited in, i. 98; the dead deposited in, i. 102 _sq._; navel-strings placed in, i. 182, 183, 185, 186; afterbirth (placenta) placed in, i. 182, 187, 190, 191, 194, 199; stones placed in, to prevent sun from setting, i. 318; worship of, ii. 7 _sqq._; oracular, ii. 9; regarded as animate, ii. 12 _sqq._; sacrifices offered to, ii. 15, 16 _sq._, 19, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48; rags hung on, ii. 16, 32; sensitive, ii. 18; apologies offered to trees for cutting them down, ii. 18 _sq._, 36 _sq._; bleeding, ii. 18, 20, 33; threatened to make them bear fruit, ii. 20 _sqq._; married to each other, ii. 24 _sqq._; in blossom treated like pregnant women, ii. 28; animated by the souls of the dead, ii. 29 _sqq._; planted on graves, ii. 31; bones of dead shamans placed in, ii. 32; as the abode of spirits, ii. 33 _sqq._; ceremonies at cutting down, ii. 34 _sqq._; demons of, ii. 42; drenched with water as a rain-charm, ii. 47; grant women an easy delivery, ii. 57 _sq._; cut hair deposited on or under, iii. 14, 275 _sq._, 286; the shadow of trees sensitive, iii. 82; lucky and unlucky, iii. 275 _n._ 3; struck by lightning used in magic, iii. 287; masks hung on, iv. 283; spirit-children awaiting birth in, v. 100; sacrificial victims hung on, v. 146; represented on the monuments of Osiris, vi. 110 _sq._; felled in the waning of the moon, vi. 133, 135 _sq._, 137; growing near the graves of dead kings revered, vi. 162, 164; in relation to Dionysus, vii. 3 _sq._; spirits of the dead in, viii. 124; evils transferred to, ix. 52, 54 _sqq._; evils nailed into, ix. 59 _sqq._; men changed into, by look of menstruous women, x. 79; burnt in spring fires, x. 115 _sq._, 116, 142; burnt in Midsummer fires, x. 173 _sq._, 185, 192, 193, 209; burnt at Holi festival in India, xi. 2; burnt in bonfires, xi. 22; lives of people bound up with, xi. 159 _sqq._; hair of children tied to, xi. 165; the fate of families or individuals bound up with, xi. 165 _sqq._; creeping through cleft trees as cure for various maladies, xi. 170 _sqq._; fire thought by savages to be stored like sap in, xi. 295; struck by lightning, superstitions about, xi. 296 _sqq._ _See also_ Tree _and_ Fruit-trees

Trees and plants, attempts to deceive the spirits of, ii. 22 _sqq._; as life-indices, xi. 160 _sqq._

—— and rocks, Greek belief as to birth from, v. 107 _n._ 1

——, sacred, ii. 40 _sqq._; smeared with blood, ii. 367

_Tréfoir_, the Yule log, x. 249

_Tréfouet_, the Yule log, x. 252 _n._ 2, 253

Tregonan, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires on, x. 199

Trench cut in ground at Beltane, x. 150, 152

Trespass on sacred groves, apologies for, ii. 328

Trevelyan, G. M., on the custom of a temporary king in Cornwall, v. 154 _n._ 1

Trevelyan, Marie, on Midsummer fires in Wales, x. 201; on Hallowe’en in Wales, x. 226 _n._ 1; on St. John’s wort in Wales, xi. 55 _n._ 2; on burnt sacrifices in Wales, xi. 301

Treveri, a Celtic tribe on the Moselle, their name preserved in _Treves_, ii. 126 _n._ 2

Trèves, “cutting the goat’s neck off” at harvest near, vii. 268; the Corn-wolf killed at threshing in the district of, vii. 275; the Archbishop of, gives wine for burning wheel rolled down hill, x. 118

Triad, divine, at Tarsus, v. 171

Trial of the axe at Athens, viii. 5

Trials, judicial, of animals and inanimate things by the king at Athens, i. 45, viii. 5 _n._ 1

Triangle of reeds, passage of mourners through a, xi. 177 _sq._

Tribes reported to be ignorant of the art of making fire, ii. 253 _sq._

Tribute (presents) brought to rain-makers, i. 338, 342, 346, 348, 349, 351, 353, ii. 3; of youths and maidens sent to the Minotaur, iv. 74 _sqq._

Trident, emblem of Hittite thunder-god, v. 134, 135; emblem of Indian deity, v. 170

Trie-Chateau, dolmen near Gisors, xi. 188

Triennial tenure of the kingship, iv. 112 _sq._

Trieste, St. Sylvester’s Eve at, ix. 165

Τριετηρίς, vii. 15 _n._

Trilles, Father H., on the theory of the external soul among the Fans, xi. 201

Trimouzette, the, a flower-crowned girl in the Ardennes on May Day, ii. 80 _n._ 4

Tring, a Tonquinese general, restores the king, iii. 19

Trinidad, the fire-walk in, xi. 11

Trinities, the ancient Egyptian gods arranged in, iv. 5 _n._ 3

Trinity, Christian doctrine of the, iv. 5 _n._ 3

——, the Batta, ix. 88 _n._ 1

——, the Hindoo, i. 225, 404; the Norse, ii. 364

Trinity College, Cambridge, Lord of Misrule at, ix. 332

_Trinouxtion_, in the Coligny calendar, seems to mark summer solstice, ix. 343 _n._

Tripoli, fighting the wind in, i. 331; ghosts of murdered men nailed into the earth in, ix. 63

Triptolemus, prince of Eleusis, vii. 37; shown the corn by Demeter, vii. 38; the agent of Demeter in disseminating corn over the world, vii. 54, 72 _sq._; victims sacrificed to him at Eleusis, vii. 56, 72; his Threshing-floor at Eleusis, vii. 61, 72, 75; in Greek art, vii. 68 _n._ 1, 72; sows seed in Rarian plain, vii. 70, 74; the corn-hero, vii. 72 _sq._; etymology of his name, vii. 72 _sq._; receives corn from Demeter, viii. 19

_Triptolemus_, play of Sophocles, vii. 54

Tristram, H. B., on date of corn-reaping in Palestine, v. 232 _n._; on wild boars in Palestine, viii. 31 _sq._

Triumph, costume worn by Roman generals in celebrating a, ii. 174 _sqq._

Triumphal arch, suggested origin of the, xi. 195

Troad, temple of Mouse (Smintheus) Apollo in the, viii. 283

Trobriands, Kiriwina, an island of the, v. 84

Trocadero Museum, statues of kings of Dahomey in the, iv. 85

Troezen, sanctuary of Hippolytus at, i. 24 _sq._

Troezenians sacrificed first-fruits to Poseidon, viii. 133; their festival resembling the Saturnalia, ix. 350

Trojeburg, labyrinths for children’s games called, iv. 77

Trokoarbasis, priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 145

Trokombigremis, priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 145

Trolls, efforts to keep off the, x. 146; and evil spirits abroad on Midsummer Eve, x. 172; Midsummer flowers a protection against, xi. 54; rendered powerless by mistletoe, xi. 86, 283, 294

Trophonius at Lebadea, iv. 166 _n._ 1

Troppau, in Silesia, “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 250 _sq._

Trows, certain mythical beings in Shetland, ix. 168

Troy, sanctuary of Athena at, ii. 284; the game of, iv. 76 _sq._

“True of speech,” epithet of Osiris, vi. 21

“True Man, the,” official title of the head of Taoism in China, i. 413

—— Steel, whose heart was in a bird, xi. 110 _sq._

Trumpets, blowing of, in the rites of Attis, v. 268; in rites of Dionysus, vii. 15; blown to expel demons, ix. 116, 117, 156; blown at the feast of Purim, ix. 394; sounded at initiation of young men, xi. 249

——, penny, blown at Befana (Twelfth Night) in Rome, ix. 166; at the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin, x., 221, 222

Trumpets, sacred, blown to make palm-trees bear fruit, ii. 24

Truth the hypothesis which is found to work best, iii. 422

Tschudi, J. J. von, his communication of a Spanish tract to W. Mannhardt, vii. 172 _n._ 2

Tschwi, the, of West Africa, their custom after the death of a twin, viii. 98

Tsetsaut Indians of British Columbia, fasting and chastity of hunters among the, iii. 198; men among the, do not cut their hair, iii. 260; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 46

Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast, rules observed by wives during absence of their husbands at war, i. 132; descent of kingship among the, ii. 274 _sq._; their stories to explain their totemism, iv. 128 _sq._; dedicated men and women among the, v. 69 _sq._; ordeal of chastity among the, v. 115 _n._ 2; their annual festival of the dead, vi. 66 _n._ 2

Tsimshian Indians of British Columbia, their beliefs as to twins, i. 262 _sq._; cannibal rites among the, vii. 19, 20; their ceremonies after catching the first olachen fish of the season, viii. 254 _sq._; rules observed by their girls at puberty, x. 44 _n._ 2

Tsong-ming, Chinese island, mode of procuring rain in, i. 298

Tsuen-cheu-fu, in China, geomancy at, i. 170

_Tsuina_, expulsion of demons in Japan, ix. 212 _sq._

Tsûl, the, a Berber tribe of Morocco, their tug-of-war, ix. 179

Tuaran district of British North Borneo, the Dusuns of, their annual expulsion of demons, ix. 200 _sq._

Tuaregs of the Sahara, their seclusion at meals, iii. 117; their men veil their faces, iii. 122; reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353; their fear of ghosts, iii. 353

_Tubilustrium_, purification of trumpets at Rome, v. 268 _n._ 1

Tübingen, “Burying the Carnival” near, iv. 230

Tubuan or Tubuvan, man disguised as cassowary in Duk-duk ceremonies, xi. 247

Tubuériki, a god in the Kingsmill Islands, first-fruits offered to, viii. 127 _sq._

Tucanos, the, of the Amazon, their custom of drinking the ashes of the dead, viii. 157

Tud or Warrior Island, Torres Straits, sweat of warriors drunk in, viii. 152 _sq._

Tug-of-war before sowing and at reaping of rice, ii. 100; probably in origin a magical rite, vii. 103 _n._ 1, 110 _n._; as a religious or magical rite, ix. 173 _sqq._; as a charm to produce rain, ix. 175 _sq._, 178 _sq._

Tugeri or Kaya-Kaya of Dutch New Guinea, their use of bull-roarers, xi. 242 _sq._

Tuhoe tribe of Maoris, their belief as to the fertilization of barren women, ii. 56

Tui Nkualita, a Fijian chief, founder of the fire-walk, xi. 11

Tuic tribe of the Upper Nile, lion-tamer as chief of the, i. 347 _sq._

Tuikilakila, a Fijian chief, claims to be a god, i. 389

Tukaitawa, a Mangaian warrior, whose strength waxed and waned with his shadow, iii. 87

Tul-ya’s e’en, seven days before Christmas, the Trows let loose on, in Shetland, ix. 168

_Tulasi_, or Holy Basil, worshipped in India, ii. 26; married to Krishna, ii. 26; married to the _Salagrama_, ii. 26 _sq._

Tulava, sacred prostitution in, v. 63

Tulle, in Berry, “Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent at, iv. 242

Tullus Hostilius, king of Rome, ii. 193; killed by lightning, ii. 181, 320; said to have instituted the Saturnalia, ix. 345 _n._ 1

Tully River, in Queensland, natives of, their ideas as to falling stars,