vii. 271

—— -floor, stalks of corn knotted as a charm on a, iii. 308 _sq._; Demeter associated with the, vii. 41 _sq._, 43, 47, 61 _sq._, 63, 64 _sq._; the festival of the, at Eleusis, vii. 60 _sqq._; of Triptolemus at Eleusis, vii. 61, 72, 75; strangers treated as embodiments of the corn-spirit on the, vii. 230; sanctity of the, viii. 110 _n._ 4

Threshing corn by oxen, vi. 45

Threshold, shells on, i. 158; the caul (chorion) buried under the, i. 200; personal relics buried by witch under the, i. 206 _n._ 4; guarded against witches on Walpurgis Night by flowers, sods, and thorny branches, ii. 52, 54, 55, ix. 163; protected against witches on Walpurgis Night by knives, ii. 55, ix. 162; cut hair buried under the, iii. 276 _sq._; burial of infants under the, v. 93 _sq._; nail knocked into, to prevent death entering, ix. 63 _n._ 4; shavings from the, burnt, xi. 53

Thrice, custom of spitting thrice to avert evil, iv. 63; Greek custom of ploughing land thrice, vii. 72 _sq._; to crawl thrice under a bramble as a cure, xi. 180; to pass thrice through a wreath of woodbine, xi. 184

—— born, said of Brahmans, i. 381

Thrice-ploughed field, Plutus begotten on a, vii. 208

Throne, sanctity of the king’s, i. 365; reverence for the, iv. 51

Throttling, a punishment for incest, ii. 110; farmer’s wife at threshing, pretence of, vii. 150; strangers at threshing, pretence of, vii. 230

Throwing of sticks or stones interpreted as an offering or token of respect, ix. 20 _sqq._, 25 _sqq._; as a mode of riddance of evil, ix. 23 _sqq._; or striking blindfold, xi. 279 _n._ 4

Thrumalun, a mythical being in Australia who kills and resuscitates novices at initiation, xi. 233. _See also_ Daramulun _and_ Thuremlin

Thrushes deposit seeds of mistletoe, xi. 316 _n._ 1

Thucydides on military music, v. 196 _n._ 3; on the sailing of the fleet for Syracuse, v. 226 _n._ 4

Θύειν distinguished from ἐναγίζειν, v. 316 _n._ 1

Thule, ceremony in Thule at the annual reappearance of the sun, ix. 125 _n._ 1

Thumbs snapped to prevent the departure of the soul, iii. 31; of dead enemies cut off, viii. 272

Thunar or Donar, the German thunder god, ii. 364

Thunder, imitation of, in a Russian rain-charm, i. 248; kings expected to make, ii. 180 _sq._; thought to be the roll of the drums of the dead, ii. 183; rain, sky, and oak, god of the, ii. 349 _sq._; Esthonian prayer to, ii. 367 _sq._; expiation for hearing, iii. 14; the first heard in spring, offering of grain to guardian ancestral spirit at, viii. 121; the first peal heard in spring, peas cooked and eaten at, ix. 144; demon of, exorcized by bells, ix. 246 _sq._; associated with the oak, x. 145; Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176; charred sticks of Midsummer bonfire a protection against, x. 184, 192; ashes of Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 190; brands from the Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 191; certain flowers at Midsummer a protection against, xi. 54, 58, 59; the sound of bull-roarers thought to imitate, xi. 228 _sqq._ _See also_ Lightning

—— and lightning, imitation of, in rain-making ceremonies, i. 248, 309 _sq._; sacrifices to, v. 157; the Syrian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Hittite god of, v. 163 _sq._; the Yule log, a protection against, x. 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 264; bonfires a protection against, x. 344; smoke of Midsummer herbs a protection against, xi. 48; vervain a protection against, xi. 62; name given to bull-roarers, xi. 231 _sq._

—— and oak, the Aryan god of the, ii. 356 _sqq._, x. 265

Thunder-beings, among the Teton Indians, viii. 237

“—— -besom,” name applied to mistletoe and other bushy excrescences on trees, xi. 85, 301; a protection against thunderbolts, xi. 85

—— -bird in rain-making, i. 309; the mythical, painted on screens behind which girls at puberty hide, x. 44

—— god, threatening the, ii. 183 _n._ 2; black victims sacrificed for rain to the, ii. 367; conceived as a deity of fertility, ii. 368 _sqq._; of the Hittites, with a bull and an axe as his emblems, v. 134 _sqq._

“—— -poles,” oak-sticks charred in Easter bonfires, x. 145

—— totem, in the Mungarai tribe of Northern Australia, v. 101

Thunderbolt as emblem of the Hittite thunder-god, v. 134, 136; as emblem of the Syrian, Babylonian, and Assyrian thunder-god, v. 163

Thunderbolt and ears of corn, emblem of the Syrian god Hadad, v. 163

—— of Indra, i. 269

—— Zeus, surnamed the, worshipped at Olympia and elsewhere, ii. 361

Thunderbolts, kings killed by, ii. 181; flint implements regarded as, ii. 374; prehistoric celts called thunderbolts, x. 14 _sq._

Thunderstorms, death or disappearance of Roman kings in, ii. 181 _sqq._; thought to be caused by the spirits of the dead, ii. 183, 183 _n._ 2; caused by cut hair, ii. 271, 282; caused by hair-cutting, iii. 265; and hail caused by witches, x. 344; Midsummer flowers a protection against, xi. 48

Thuremlin, a mythical being who kills lads at initiation and restores them to life, xi. 227. _See also_ Daramulun

Thurgau, the Canton of, man who cuts the last corn called the Corn-goat at harvest in, vii. 283; last sheaf called Cow in, vii. 289; man who threshes the last corn called the Corn-bull in, vii. 291

Thüringen (Thuringia), homoeopathic magic at sowing flax in, i. 136; the Little Leaf Man in, ii. 80 _sq._; May King at Whitsuntide in, ii. 84 _sq._; wolves not to be named between Christmas and Twelfth Night in, iii. 396; Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 208; Carrying out Death in, iv. 235 _sq._; the Old Corn-woman at threshing in, vii. 147, 276, 290, 291; custom at threshing in, vii. 222; the mythical Rush-cutter (_Binsenschneider_) in, vii. 230 _n._ 5; the Little Wood-woman at harvest in, vii. 232; last sheaf called the Harvest-cock at Wünchensuhl in, vii. 276; man who gives the last stroke at threshing called the Cow at Wurmlingen in, vii. 290; treatment of farmer who is last at threshing at Herbrechtingen in, vii. 291; saying as to the wind in the corn in, vii. 298; expulsion of witches in, ix. 160; Halberstadt in, ix. 214; custom of beating people on Holy Innocents’ Day in, ix. 271. _See also_ Thuringia

Thuringia (Thüringen), custom at eclipses in, x. 162 _n._; Midsummer fires in, x. 169, xi. 40; Schweina in, x. 265; belief as to magical properties of the fern in, xi. 66 _sq._ _See_ Thüringen

Thurn, Sir E. F. im, on the objection of the Indians of Guiana to tell their names, iii. 324 _sq._; on Indian want of discrimination between animals and men, viii. 204; on the fear of demons among the Indians of Guiana, ix. 78

Thursday, Thunar’s Day, ii. 364; Maundy, church bells silenced on, x. 125 _n._ 1

Thurso, witches as cats at, x. 317

Thurston, Edgar, on votive images of the Kusavans, i. 56 _n._ 3; on dancing-girls in India, v. 62; on the transference of sins to a buffalo calf among the Badagas, ix. 36 _sq._; on the fire-walk of the Badagas, xi. 9

Thyatira, hero Tyrimnus at, v. 183 _n._

Thyestes and Atreus claimed the throne of Mycenae in virtue of a golden lamb, i. 365

Thyiads, college of women at Delphi, devoted to worship of Bacchus, i. 46

Thymbria, sanctuary of Charon at, v. 205

Thyme burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213; wild, gathered on Midsummer Day, xi. 64

Tiaha, Arab tribe of Moab, shave the prisoners whom they release, iii. 273

Tiamat, dragon, embodiment of the watery chaos, mythical Babylonian monster, iv. 105, 108, ix. 410

—— and Marduk, iv. 105 _sq._, 107 _sq._

Tiber, grove of Dia on the, ii. 122; puppets annually thrown from the Sublician bridge into the, viii. 107; in flood, ix. 65

Tiberius, the Emperor, refused the oak crown, ii. 177 _n._ 2; dedicated a chapel to the Julii at Bovillae, ii. 180 _n._; his inquiries as to the death of Pan, iv. 7; his attempt to put down Carthaginian sacrifices of children, iv. 168; persecuted the Egyptian religion, vi. 95 _n._ 1

Tibet, the Grand Lamas of, i. 411 _sq._; incarnate human gods in, i. 413; vicarious use of images to save sick people in, viii. 103; heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12; prayers at cairns in, ix. 29; demonolatry in, ix. 94; human scapegoats in, ix. 218 _sqq._; sixty years’ cycle in, xi. 78 _n._

Tibetan New Year, ceremonies at the, ix. 197 _sq._, 203, 218 _sqq._

Tibetans put effigies at doors of houses to deceive demons, viii. 96 _sq._

Tibullus on the rising of Sirius, vi. 34 _n._ 1

Tibur, Vestals at, i. 13 _sq._

Ticunas of the Amazon, ordeal of young men among the, x. 62 _sq._

—— of Brazil tear out the hair of girls at puberty, iii. 282

Tide, Cimbrians take arms against the, i. 331 _n._ 3

Tides, homoeopathic magic of the, i. 166 _sqq._

Tidore, i. 125

Tiegenhof, in Prussia, custom of reapers at binding the corn near, vii. 137

Tiele, C. P., on the deification of Egyptian kings, i. 419 _sq._; on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 140 _n._ 1; on the death of Saracus, vi. 174 _n._ 2; on Isis, vi. 115; on the nature of Osiris, vi. 126 _n._ 2

Tien-tai Mountains, in China, voluntary deaths of Buddhist monks on the, iv. 42

Tiengum-Mana, a tribe of New Guinea, their mode of making fire, ii. 254

Tifata, Mount, the oak woods of, ii. 280; temple of Diana on, ii. 280

Tiger, gall-bladder of tiger eaten to make eater brave, viii. 145 _sq._

——, a Batta totem, xi. 223

Tiger clan, in Mandeling, viii. 216; members of, pay honour to dead tigers, viii. 293

—— -spirits expelled in a raft, ix. 199

Tiger’s flesh eaten to make eater brave, viii. 145

—— ghost, deceiving a, vi. 263, viii. 155 _n._ 4; appeasing a, viii. 293

—— skin at inauguration of a king, x. 4

Tigers not called by their proper names, iii. 401, 402, 403 _sq._, 408, 411, 415; called dogs for euphemism, iii. 402; called jackals for euphemism, iii. 402, 403; souls of the dead transmigrate into, iv. 85, viii. 293; ceremonies at killing, viii. 155 _n._ 5, 215, 216 _sq._; respected in Sumatra, viii. 215 _sq._; kinship of men with, viii. 216

Tiglath-Pileser III., king of Assyria, v. 14, 16, 163 _n._ 3

Tigre-speaking tribes to the north of Abyssinia, their fear to fell fruit-trees, ii. 19

Tii, Egyptian queen, mother of Amenophis IV., vi. 123 _n._ 1

Tikopia, island of, epidemic sickness sent away in a small canoe from, ix. 189

Tille, A., on beginning of the Teutonic winter, vi. 81 _n._ 3

Tilling the earth treated as a crime, viii. 57

Tillot, canton of, in Lothringen, “killing the Old Woman” at threshing in the, vii. 223

Tilsit district, the last sheaf left for the Old Rye-woman in the, vii. 232

Tilton, E. L., on burning the Carnival at Pylos, iv. 232 _sq._

Timber used in house-building, homoeopathic magic of, i. 146; of houses, tree-spirits propitiated in, ii. 39 _sq._; not to be cut while the corn is green, ii. 49; felled in the waning of the moon, vi. 133, 135 _sq._, 137

Timbo, in French Guinea, dances at sowing at, ix. 235

Time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning intervals of, iv. 59; personification of periods of time too abstract to be primitive, ix. 230

Timekeepers, natural, vii. 53

Timmes, the, of Sierra Leone beat their kings before their coronation,