vii. 102, 103

—— tops at sowing festivals, vii. 95, 97, 187

Spirit of Beans, Iroquois, vii. 177

——, Brethren of the Free, i. 408

—— of the Corn, Iroquois, vii. 177. _See_ Corn-spirit

—— of dead apparently supposed to decay with the body, iii. 372

—— or god of vegetation, effigies of, burnt in spring, xi. 21 _sq._; reasons for burning, xi. 23; leaf-clad representative of, burnt, xi. 25

——, the Great, of the American Indians, iv. 3; his gift of corn to men, vii. 177

—— of Squashes, Iroquois, vii. 177

—— of vegetation brought to houses, ii. 74. _See also_ Vegetation

Spirit animals supposed to enter women and be born from them, v. 97 _sq._

—— -children left by ancestors, v. 100 _sq._

—— -house shut during absence of warriors, i. 129

Spirits of dead fathers thought to attend warriors, i. 129; of plants in shape of animals, ii. 14; of trees threatened, ii. 20 _sqq._; of wild beasts killed in the chase, hunting dogs protected against, ii. 128; women married to water-spirits, ii. 150 _sqq._; sacrifices to water-spirits, ii. 155 _sqq._; of slain enemies conciliated, iii. 182; of slain animals propitiated by savages, iii. 190; averse to iron, iii. 232 _sqq._; evil, fear of attracting the attention of, iii. 334; of tin mines and gold mines treated with deference, iii. 407, 409 _sq._; taboos on common words based on a fear of, iii. 416 _sqq._; of ancestors in the form of animals, v. 83; supposed to consort with women, v. 91; of forefathers thought to dwell in rivers, vi. 38; evil, averted from children, vii. 6 _sqq._; of the dead supposed to influence the crops, vii. 104; distinguished from gods, vii. 169; imitation of, vii. 186; retreat of the army of, ix. 72 _sq._; guardian, ix. 98; good and evil, personated by children, ix. 139; Festival of Departed, ix. 154; of water propitiated at Midsummer, xi. 31; of plants and trees in the form of snakes, xi. 44 _n._ 1 _See also_ Ancestral spirits, Dead, _and_ Souls

—— of dead chiefs worshipped by the whole tribe, vi. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181 _sq._, 187; thought to control the rain, vi. 188; prophesy through living men and women, vi. 192 _sq._; reincarnated in animals, vi. 193.

—— of the hills, their treasures, xi. 69

—— of land, conciliation of the, iii. 110 _sq._

Spiritual economy, mysterious law of, i. 405

—— husbands among the Akamba, ii. 316 _sq._

—— power, its divorce from temporal power, iii. 17 _sqq._

Spitting in contagious magic, i. 201; in a purificatory rite, iii. 175; forbidden, iii. 196; as a protective charm, iii. 279, 286, 350, 395; upon knots as a charm, iii. 302; to avert evil omens, iv. 61; at sight of falling stars, iv. 61, 63, 65; to avert demons, iv. 63; as a mode of transferring evil, ix. 3, 10, 11, 41 _sq._, 187; at ceremony for expulsion of evils, ix. 208

Spittle, used in magic, i. 57, iii. 268, 269, 287 _sqq._; divination from, i. 99; tabooed, iii. 287 _sqq._; effaced or concealed, iii. 288 _sqq._; used in making a covenant, iii. 290; magical virtue of, vii. 247, 250; as a protection against demons, ix. 118

Spoil taken from enemy purified, iii. 177

Spoletium, sacred grove near, ii. 122

Spoons used in eating by tabooed persons, iii. 141, 148, 189

Sports, athletic, at harvest, vii. 76 _sq._ _See also_ Contests, Games

Spottiswoode, in Berwickshire, harvest customs at, vii. 153 _sq._

Sprachbrücken, in Hesse, the Harvest-goat at, vii. 283

Sprained leg, Scotch cure for, by means of nine knots in a black thread, iii. 304 _sq._

Spree, the river, requires its human victim on Midsummer Day, xi. 26

Spreewald, the Wends of the, their wreaths at Midsummer, xi. 48

Sprenger, the inquisitor, his practice of shaving the heads of witches and wizards, xi. 158

Sprigs, green, placed on stumps of felled trees, ii. 37 _sq._

Spring, magical ceremonies for the revival of nature in, iv. 266 _sqq._; called Persephone, vi. 41; ceremony at beginning of, in China, viii. 10 _sqq._; rites to ensure the revival of life in, ix. 400

“——, the Sacred,” among the ancient Italian peoples, iv. 186 _sq._

—— and summer, myths of divinities and spirits to be told only in, iii. 384

Spring customs and harvest customs compared, vii. 167 _sqq._

—— equinox, drama of Summer and Winter at the, iv. 257; custom of swinging at the, iv. 284; (vernal), sacrifice to Cronus at the, ix. 352

—— festival of Dionysus, vii. 15

Spring, oracular, at Dodona, ii. 172; sacrificial, at Upsala, ii. 364; external soul in a, xi. 156. _See also_ Springs

Springbok, why Bushman hunters will not eat, viii. 141

Springs troubled to procure rains, i. 301; hot, resorted to by women in order to get offspring, ii. 161, v. 213 _sqq._; which confer prophetic powers, ii. 172; oracular, iv. 79 _sq._; worship of hot, v. 206 _sqq._; bathing in, at Midsummer, v. 246, 247, 248, 249; underground, detected by divining-rod, xi. 67 _sq._

Springwort, mythical plant, procured at Midsummer, xi. 69 _sqq._; reveals treasures, opens all locks, and makes the bearer invisible and invulnerable, xi. 69 _sq._

Sprinkling with holy water, iii. 285 _sq._

Sproat, G. M., on seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 43 _sq._

Spruce trees free from mistletoe, xi. 315

Squashes, the spirit of, conceived by the Iroquois as a woman, vii. 177

Squeals of pigs necessary for fruitfulness of mangoes, x. 9

Squills used to beat human scapegoats and image of Pan, ix. 255 _sq._

Squirrels in homoeopathic magic, i. 155; asked to give new teeth, i. 180; souls of dead in, viii. 291 _sq._; burnt in the Easter bonfires, x. 142, xi. 40

Squirting water as a rain-charm, i. 249 _sq._, 277 _sq._; on people at Midsummer, v. 248, x. 193

Sri, Hindoo goddess of crops, vii. 182

Srongtsan Gampo, king of Tibet, introduced Buddhism into Tibet, iii. 20

Stabbing men’s shadows in order to injure the men, iii. 78, 79

—— reflections in water to injure the persons reflected, iii. 93

—— a transformed witch or were-wolf in order to compel him or her to reveal himself or herself, x. 315

Stade, Hans, captive among Brazilian Indians, on their distrust of books,