x. 119

Spades and hoes, human victim killed with, vii. 239, 251

Spae-wives and Gestr, Icelandic story of the, xi. 125 _sq._

Spain, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167; acorns used as food in, ii. 355, 356; “Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent in, iv. 240, 242; seven-legged effigies of Lent in, iv. 244; custom of swinging at Christmas in, iv. 284; bathing on St. John’s Eve in, v. 248; the Iberians of, vii. 129; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15; the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329; Midsummer fires and customs in, x. 208; bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29; vervain gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62

Spanish cathedrals, the Boy Bishop in, ix. 338

Spark Sunday in Switzerland, x. 118

Sparks of fire supposed to impregnate women, ii. 197, 231; of Yule log prognosticate chickens, lambs, foals, calves, etc., x. 251, 262, 263, 264

Sparrow, external soul of a jinnee in a, xi. 137

Sparrows, charms to keep them from the corn, viii. 274

Sparta, the two kings of, i. 46 _sq._; their relation to Castor and Pollux, i. 48-50

——, state sacrifices offered by the kings at, i. 46; warned by oracle against a “lame reign,” iv. 38; funeral games in honour of Leonidas and Pausanias at, iv. 94; destroyed by an earthquake, v. 196 _n._ 4; octennial tenure of kingship at, vii. 82, 85

Spartan king, his fire-bearer, ii. 264

—— kings, supposed divinity of, i. 48 _sq._; not to be touched, iii. 226

Spartans, their sacrifice of horses to the sun, i. 315 _sq._; their kings liable to be deposed every eighth year, iv. 58 _sq._; their attempt to stop an earthquake, v. 196; their flute-band, v. 196; their red uniform, v. 196; at Thermopylae, v. 197 _n._ 1; their regard for the full moon, vi. 141; their brides dressed as men on the wedding night, vi. 260

Spear in magic, i. 347; custom of wounding the dying with a, iv. 13 _sq._; sacred, used to slay human victim, ix. 218; used to help women in hard labour, xi. 14; external soul in a, xi. 105

Spearing taro stalks, as a charm, vii. 102, 103

Spears, sacred, used to slaughter sacrificial victims, iv. 19, 32, v. 274; used to expel demons, ix. 115, 116

Spectral Huntsman, iv. 178

Speech, particular forms of, used in addressing social superiors, i. 402 _n._; special form of, used between a man and his wife’s mother, iii. 346; special form of, used by rice-reapers to deceive the rice-spirit, vii. 184. _See also_ Language _and_ Words

Speicher, in the Eifel, St. John’s fires at, x. 169

Speke, Captain J. H., his experience of the distrust of strangers in Africa, iii. 108 _sq._

Spell recited at kindling need-fire, x. 290; of witchcraft broken by suffering, x. 304

—— and prayer, vii. 105

Spells cast by strangers, iii. 112; at hair-cutting, iii. 264 _sq._; for growth of crops, vii. 100; narrative, vii. 104 _sqq._; imperative, vii. 105; and incantations used in arts and crafts, ix. 81; cast on cattle, x. 301, 302; cast by witches on union of man and wife, x. 346

Spelt-goat, name given to the last sheaf threshed at harvest in Baden,