x. 246;

Egyptian ceremony at, vi. 50; Aztec festival of killing and eating a god at, viii. 90; dramatic processions representing the corn spirit at, viii. 325; festival of the Koryaks after, ix. 126 _sq._; new fire kindled by the Zuni at, x. 132; Persian festival of fire at, x. 269

Solstices observed by Californian Indians, vii. 125; festivals of fire at the, x. 132 _sq._, 246, 247, 331 _sq._; the old pagan festivals of the two, consecrated as the birthdays of Christ and St. John the Baptist, x. 181 _sq._; fern-seed gathered at the, xi. 290 _sq._; mistletoe gathered at the, xi. 291 _sq._

Solstitial fires perhaps sun-charms, xi. 292

Soma, Hindoo deity, x. 99 _n._ 2; sacrifice of, in Vedic India, iii. 159 _n._; worship of the stone which presses out the juice of the, ix. 90

Somali, marriage custom of the, vi. 246, 247

Somersetshire, Midsummer fires in, x. 199

Somerville, Professor William, on the time for coupling ewes and rams, ii. 328 _n._ 4; on the agricultural term “to stool,” vii. 193 _n._

Somme, the river, ceremony of carrying lighted torches on the first Sunday in Lent in villages on, x. 113; the department of, mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 58

Sommerberg, the Grass King at Whitsuntide on the, ii. 86

Somosomo, a Fijian island, sacredness of priests and chiefs in, i. 389

Son, father thought to be reborn in his, iv. 188 _sqq._, 287 (288 in Second Impression); abdication of father on birth of a son in Polynesia, iv. 190; abdication of father when his son comes of age, in Fiji, iv. 191; father fought and dispossessed by his son among the Corannas, iv. 191 _sq._

“—— of the Father,” ix. 419 _sq._

—— of God, alleged incarnation of the, in America, i. 409

—— of a god, v. 51. _See also_ Sons

—— of the king sacrificed for his father, iv. 160 _sqq._

Son-in-law, his name not to be pronounced, iii. 338 _sq._, 344, 345

Songish or Lkungen tribe of Vancouver Island, their formal reception of the first salmon caught in the season, viii. 254

Songs of the corn-reapers, vii. 214 _sqq._; liturgical, revealed by gods, ix. 381

—— and dances, religious, of North-West American Indians, ix. 378 _sq._

Sonnenberg, gout transferred to fir-tree in, ix. 56

Sonnerat, French traveller, on the fire-walk in India, xi. 6 _sqq._

Sons, Roman kings not succeeded by their, ii. 270; of king’s sister preferred to king’s own sons under female kinship, ii. 274 _sq._

Sons of God, v. 78 _sqq._

—— of gods, iv. 5

Soosoos of Senegambia, their secret society, xi. 261 _sq._

Sopater accused of binding the winds, i. 325

Sophocles, on the calamities entailed by the crimes of Oedipus, ii. 115; on the wooing of Dejanira by the river Achelous, ii. 161 _sq._; on the burning of Hercules, v. 111; his play _Triptolemus_, vii. 54

Soracte, Mount, ix. 311; sanctuary of Feronia at, iv. 186 _n._ 3; fire-walk of the Hirpi Sorani on, xi. 14 _sq._

“Soranian Wolves” (_Hirpi Sorani_), at Soracte, iv. 186 _n._ 4, xi. 14, 91 _n._ 7

Soranus, Italian god of Mount Soracte, xi. 14; etymology of his name, xi. 15 _n._ 1, 16

Sorcerers regarded as chiefs, i. 337 _sq._, 342 _sq._; souls extracted or detained by, iii. 69 _sqq._; influence wielded by, iii. 107; make use of cut hair and other bodily refuse, iii. 268 _sq._, 274 _sq._, 278, 281 _sq._; injure men through their names, iii. 320, 322, 334; as protectors against demons, ix. 94; exorcize demons, ix. 113; Midsummer herbs a protection against, xi. 45; detected by St. John’s wort, xi. 55; detected by fern root, xi. 67. _See also_ Magic, Magicians, Medicine-men

—— or priests, order of effeminate, vi. 253 _sqq._

Sorcery, the dread of, iii. 268; pointing sticks or bones in, x. 14; bonfires a protection against, x. 156; sprigs of mullein protect cattle against, x. 190; mistletoe a protection against, xi. 85; savage dread of, xi. 224 _sq._ _See also_ Magic, Witchcraft

—— and witchcraft, Midsummer plants and flowers a protection against, xi. 45, 46, 49, 54, 55, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 72

Sorcha, the King of, in a Celtic tale, xi. 127 _sq._

Sori, a person of the Batta Trinity, ix. 88 _n._ 1

Sorrentine Peninsula, puppet representing Lent sawn in two in the, iv. 245

Sorrowful One, the vaults of the, opened by the Boeotians in the month of sowing, vi. 41

Sorrows, the Master of, at funerals among the Chams, i. 280

Sositheus, his play _Daphnis_, vii. 217

Sothic or Siriac period in ancient Egypt, vi. 36

Sothis, Egyptian name for the star Sirius, vi. 34. _See_ Sirius

Sotih, the, of Burma, revere a priestly king, iii. 237

Soul, belief in the pre-existence of the human, i. 104; the perils of the, iii. 26 _sqq._; conceived as a mannikin, iii. 26 _sqq._; ancient Egyptian conception of the, iii. 28 _sq._; representations of the soul in Greek art, iii. 29 _n._ 1; as a butterfly, iii. 29 _n._ 1, 41, 51 _sq._; absence and recall of the, iii. 30 _sqq._; attempts to prevent the soul from escaping from the body, iii. 30 _sqq._; sickness attributed to the absence of the, iii. 32, 42 _sqq._; tied by thread or string to the body, iii. 32 _sq._, 43, 51; conceived as a bird, iii. 33 _sqq._; absent in sleep, iii. 36 _sqq._; in form of fly, iii. 36, 39; in form of mouse, iii. 37, 39 _n._ 2; in form of lizard, iii. 38; caught in a cloth, iii. 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 64, 67, 75 _sq._; identified with the shadow, iii. 77 _sqq._; identified with the reflection in water or a mirror, iii. 92 _sqq._; supposed to escape at eating and drinking, iii. 116; in the blood, iii. 240, 241, 247, 250; identified with the personal name, iii. 319; of rice not to be frightened, iii. 412; of man-god transferred to his successor, iv. 10; of a tree in a bird, vi. 111 _n._ 1; of the rice in the first sheaf cut, vi. 239; of the rice captured in a basket or box, vii. 185; of rice in a blue bird, vii. 295; thought to be seated in the liver, viii. 147 _sq._; the notion of, a quasi-scientific hypothesis, xi. 221; the unity and indivisibility of the, a theological dogma, xi. 221. _See also_ Souls

—— of chief in sacred grove, xi. 161

—— of child deposited in a coco-nut, xi. 154 _sq._; deposited in a bag, xi. 155; bound up with knife, xi. 157

——, external, in afterbirth (placenta) or navel-string, i. 200 _sq._; in folk-tales, xi. 95 _sqq._; in parrot, xi. 97 _sq._; in bird, xi. 98 _sq._; in necklace, xi. 99 _sq._; in a fish, xi. 99 _sq._, 122 _sq._; in cock, pigeon, starling, spinning-wheel, pillar, xi. 100 _sq._; in a bee, xi. 101; in a lemon, xi. 102; in a tree, xi. 102; in a barley plant, xi. 102; in a box, xi. 102, 117, 143 _n._ 4, 149; in a firebrand, xi. 103; in hair, xi. 103 _sq._; in snow, xi. 103 _sq._; in two or three doves, xi. 104; in a ten-headed serpent, xi. 104 _sq._; in a pumpkin, xi. 105; in a spear, xi. 105; in a dragon, xi. 105; in a gem, xi. 105 _sq._; in an egg, xi. 107, 125, 127, 140 _sq._; in a duck’s egg, xi. 109 _sq._, 115 _sq._, 116, 119 _sq._, 120, 126, 130, 132; in a blue rose-tree, xi. 110; in a bird, xi. 111, 119, 142, 150; in a pigeon, xi. 112 _sq._; in a light, xi. 116; in a flower, xi. 117 _sq._; in grain of sand, xi. 120; in a stone, xi. 125 _n._ 1, 156; in a thorn, xi. 129; in a gem, xi. 130; in a pigeon’s egg, xi. 132, 139; in a dove’s egg, xi. 133; in a box-tree, xi. 133; in the flower of the acacia, xi. 135 _sq._; in a sparrow, xi. 137; in a beetle, xi. 138, 140; in a bottle, xi. 138; in a golden cockchafer, xi. 140; in a dish, xi. 141 _sq._; in a precious stone, xi. 142; in a bag, xi. 142; in a white herb, xi. 143; in a wasp, xi. 143 _sq._; in a twelve-headed serpent, xi. 143; in a golden ring, xi. 143; in seven little birds, xi. 144; in a seven-headed snake, xi. 144; in a quail, xi. 144 _sq._; in a vase, xi. 145 _sq._; in a golden sword and a golden arrow, xi. 145; in entrails, xi. 147 _sq._; in a golden fish, xi. 147 _sq._, 220; in a hair as hard as copper, xi. 148; in a cat, xi. 150 _sq._; in a bear, xi. 151; in a buffalo, xi. 151; in a hemlock branch, xi. 152; in folk-custom, xi. 153 _sqq._; in inanimate things, xi. 153 _sqq._; in a mountain scaur, xi. 156; in ox-horns, xi. 156; in roof of house, xi. 156; in a tree, xi. 156; in a spring of water, xi. 156; in capital of column, xi. 156 _sq._; in a portrait statue, xi. 157; in plants, xi. 159 _sqq._; in animals, xi. 196 _sqq._; of shaman or medicine-man in animal, xi. 196, 199; kept in totem, xi. 220 _sqq._

Soul of iron, xi. 154

“—— of Osiris,” a bird, vi. 110

—— of rice, vii. 180 _sqq._; eating the, viii. 54

—— of ruptured person passes into cleft oak-tree, xi. 172

——, succession to the, iv. 196 _sqq._

—— of woman at childbirth deposited in a chopping-knife, xi. 153 _sq._

Soul-boxes, amulets as, xi. 155

—— -cakes eaten at the Feast of All Souls in Europe, vi. 70, 71 _sq._, 73, 78 _sqq._

—— -stones, xi. 156

—— -stuff in the East Indies, vi. 182 _sq._; of ghosts, ix. 182

_Soule_, a ball contended for in Normandy, ix. 183

“Souling,” custom of, on All Souls’ Day in England, vi. 79

“—— Day” in Shropshire, vi. 78

Soulless King, whose soul was in a duck’s egg, Lithuanian story of the, xi. 113 _sqq._

Souls strengthened with iron, i. 159 _sq._; ascribed to trees, ii. 12 _sqq._; of ancestors in trees, ii. 29 _sq._, 30, 31, 32; of ancestors supposed to be in fire on the hearth, ii. 232; every man thought to have four, iii. 27, 80; light and heavy, thin, and fat, iii. 29; transference of, iii. 49, 51; impounded in magic fence, iii. 56; abducted by demons, iii. 58 _sqq._; transmigrate into animals, iii. 65, viii. 285 _sqq._; brought back in a visible form, iii. 65 _sqq._; caught in snares or nets, iii. 69 _sqq._; extracted or detained by sorcerers, iii. 69 _sqq._; enclosed in tusks of ivory, iii. 70; conjured into jars, iii. 70; shut up in boxes, iii. 70, 76; shut up in calabashes, iii. 72; gathered into a basket, iii. 72; transferred from the living to the dead, iii. 73; wounded and bleeding, iii. 73; supposed to be in portraits, iii. 96 _sqq._; of slain enemies propitiated, iii. 166; of beasts respected, iii. 223; immortal, attributed by savages to animals, viii. 204; of people at a house-warming collected in a bag, xi. 153; male and female, in Chinese philosophy, xi. 221; the plurality of, xi. 221 _sq._

Souls of the dead, trees animated by the, ii. 29 _sqq._; in certain fish, ii. 30; all malignant, iii. 145; cannot go to the spirit-land till the flesh has decayed from their bones, iii. 372 _n._ 5; supposed to resemble their bodies, as these were at the moment of death, iv. 10 _sq._; associated with falling stars, iv. 64 _sqq._; transmitted to successors, iv. 198; reincarnation of the, v. 91 _sqq._; brought back among the Gonds, v. 95 _sq._; in caterpillars, viii. 275 _sq._; received once a year by their relations, ix. 150 _sqq._; sit round the Midsummer fire, x. 183, 184

——, feasts of All, vi. 51 _sqq._

——, human, attracted by rice, iii. 34 _sqq._, 45 _sqq._; transmigrate into totemic animals, xi. 223

South America. _See_ America, South

—— American Indians, their insensibility to pain, iv. 138; their indifference to death, iv. 138; women’s agricultural work among the, vii. 120 _sqq._; their practice of bleeding themselves to relieve fatigue, ix. 12 _sq._; attribute fatigue to a demon, ix. 20; their mutual scourgings at ceremonies connected with the dead, ix. 262

—— Sea Islands, human gods in the, i. 387; continence of fishermen in the, iii. 193; the Pleiades worshipped in the, vii. 312

—— Slavonian housebreakers, their charm to cause sleep, i. 148. _See also_ Slavonians, South

—— Slavs, devices of women to obtain offspring among the, v. 96; marriage customs of the, vi. 246. _See also_ Slavs, South

Southey, R., on women’s agricultural work among the Brazilian Indians,