vi. 172;

as a means of inducing state of ecstasy, viii. 72; to appease a rattlesnake, viii. 219; in honour of slain bears, viii. 224, 226

Smoking first tobacco of season, ceremony at, viii. 82

Smolensk Government, St. George’s Day in the, ii. 333 _sq._

Smut in wheat, ceremony to prevent, ix. 318

Smyth, R. Brough, on fire customs of the Australian aborigines, ii. 257; on menstruous women in Australia, x. 13

Snail supposed to suck blood of cattle, iii. 81 _sq._

Snails as scapegoats, ix. 52, 53

Snake, used in rain-making, i. 287 _sq._; rajahs of Manipur descended from a, iv. 133; white, eaten to acquire supernatural knowledge, viii. 146; worshipped, viii. 316 _sq._; said to wound a girl at puberty, x. 56; seven-headed, external soul of witch in a, xi. 144; external soul of medicine-man in a, xi. 199. _See also_ Snakes _and_ Serpent

—— or lizard in annual ceremony for the riddance of evils, ix. 208

Snake-bites, homoeopathic charms against, i. 152 _sq._; cured by snake-stones, i. 165; rattlesnake dance to ensure immunity from, i. 358; inoculation against, viii. 160

Snake clan exposed their infants to snakes, viii. 174 _sq._

—— -entwined goddess found at Gournia in Crete, v. 88

—— -priest, his ceremonies to appease spirit of slain serpent, viii. 219

—— skin a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336

—— -stones thought to cure snake-bites, i. 165; superstitions as to, x. 15 _sq._; belief of the Scottish Highlanders concerning, xi. 311

—— tribe in the Punjaub, their worship of snakes, viii. 316 _sq._; their treatment of dead snakes, viii. 317

Snake’s tongue on St. George’s Day or Eve, a charm to ensure talkativeness, ii. 345 _n._, viii. 270

Snakes, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 90; human wives of, ii. 149, 150; not called by their proper names, iii. 399, 401 _sq._, 407, 408, 411; as fathers of human beings, v. 82; fed with milk, v. 84 _sqq._; respected by North American Indians, viii. 217 _sqq._; sacred at Whydah, viii. 287; souls of dead princes in, viii. 288; souls of dead in, viii. 293, 294 _sq._; dead, accorded a regular funeral, viii. 317; fat of, used as a hair-restorer, x. 14; thought to congregate on Midsummer Eve or the Eve of May Day, x. 15 _sq._; rain-water used as a charm against, x. 17; spirits of plants and trees in the form of, xi. 44 _n._; sympathetically related to human beings, xi. 209 _sq._ _See also_ Snake, Pythons, Rattlesnakes, _and_ Serpents

Snapping the thumbs to prevent the departure of the soul, iii. 31

Snares set for souls, iii. 69

Snipe, fever transferred to a, ix. 51

Snorri Sturluson, on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, vi. 100

Snow, external soul of a king in, xi. 102

Snowdon, rain-making on, i. 307

“Sober” sacrifices, offered without wine by the ancient Greeks, i. 311 _n._ 1

Sobk, a crocodile-shaped Egyptian god, identified with the sun, vi. 123

_Sochit_ or _Sochet_, epithet of Isis, vi. 117

Social progress, i. 420

—— ranks, inversion of, at festivals, ix. 350, 407

—— revolution from democracy to despotism, i. 371

Societies, secret, in North-Western America, ix. 377 _sqq._; and clans, totemic, related to each other, xi. 272 _sq._ _See also_ Secret societies

Society, uniformity of occupation in primitive, i. 245; ancient, built on the principle of the subordination of the individual to the community, v. 300; stratification of religion according to types of, viii. 35 _sqq._; three stages of, the hunting, the pastoral, and the agricultural, viii. 35, 37

Society Islanders, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 312

—— Islands, offering of first-fruits in the, viii. 132 _sqq._

Socrates, church historian, on sacred prostitution, v. 37 _n._ 2; on a reported murder of a Christian child by Jews, ix. 394 _sq._

Söderblom, N., on an attempted reform of the old Iranian religion, vi. 83 _n._ 2

Sodewa Bai and the golden necklace, story of, xi. 99 _sq._

Sodom and Gomorrah, the destruction of, v. 222 _n._ 1

Sods, grassy, a protection against witches, ii. 54; of turf, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 335, 338; freshly cut, a protection against witches, ix. 163

Sodza, a lightning goddess, among the Hos of Togoland, ii. 370

Soemara, in Celebes, were-wolf at, x. 312

Soerakarta, district of Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, v. 202 _n._ 1

Soest, customs at flax-pulling near, vii. 225

Sofala in East Africa, the Caffres of, their objection to be struck with anything hollow, i. 157; king of, revered as a god by his people, i. 392; kings of, put to death, iv. 37 _sq._; dead kings of, consulted as oracles, iv. 201; the Makalanga near, x. 135 _n._ 2

Sogamoso or Sogamozo, in South America, the pontiff of, supernatural powers ascribed to, i. 416; heir to the throne of, not allowed to see the sun, x. 19

Sogble, a lightning god, among the Hos of Togoland, ii. 370

Sogne Fiord in Norway, Balder’s Grove on the, x. 104, xi. 315

Soissons, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 _n._ 1

Sokari (Seker), a title of Osiris, vi. 87

Soku, West Africa, cut hair buried in cairns at, iii. 274 _sq._

_Sol invictus_, title of Mithra, v. 304 _n._ 1

_Solanum campylanthum_, burned by Nandi women in the cornfields, vi. 47

Solaparuta in Sicily, custom on Palm Sunday at, i. 300

Solar festival in spring, xi. 3

Solar and lunar years, early attempts to harmonize, iv. 68 _sq._, vii. 80 _sq._, ix. 325 _sq._, 339, 341 _sqq._

—— myth theory, i. 333

—— theory of the fires of the fire-festivals, x. 329, 331 _sqq._, xi. 15 _sq._, 72

Soldiers, foods tabooed to, in Madagascar, i. 117 _sq._; Roman, celebration of the Saturnalia by, ii. 310, ix. 308 _sq._ _See also_ Warriors

Solms-Laubach, Graf zu, on the artificial fertilization of fig-trees, ii. 314 _n._ 2

Solok district of Sumatra, rain-making in, i. 278

Solomon, King, his name used by Malay fowlers in snaring pigeons, iii. 408, 418; puts Adoni-jah to death, v. 51 _n._ 2

——, the Baths of, in Northern Palestine, resorted to by childless wives in the hope of obtaining children, v. 78; in Moab, visited by barren women in order to get children, v. 215 _sq._

Solomon Islanders, their expulsion of demons, ix. 116

—— Islands, Florida, one of the, iii. 80, viii. 85, 126, 297; places sacred to ghosts in the, iii. 80; pigs sacrificed to ghosts in the, iii. 247; San Cristoval in the, iii. 247; fear of passing under a fallen tree in the, iii. 250; Ugi, one of the, iii. 250, 277; cut hair buried in the, to prevent it falling into the hands of sorcerers, iii. 277; ghosts of gardens feared in the, viii. 85; Guadalcanar one of the, viii. 126; first-fruits offered to the dead in the, viii. 126 _sq._; Saa, one of the, viii. 127, 297; belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in the, viii. 296 _sqq._; Savo, one of the, viii. 297; Ulawa, one of the, viii. 297, 298; fatigue transferred to sticks, stones, or leaves in the, ix. 9

Solör, in Norway, harvest custom at, vii. 225

Solstice, the summer, and the Olympic festival, iv. 90; swinging at, iv. 280; the Nile rises at, vi. 31 _n._ 1, 33; Basuto chiefs regulate the calendar at, vii. 117; rain-making ceremony of the Zuni at, viii. 179; new fire kindled by the Zuni at, x. 132, 133; its importance for primitive man, x. 160 _sq._

——, the winter, reckoned by the ancients the Nativity of the Sun, v. 303,