vii. 286;

shaped like a goat, vii. 287, called the Fox, vii. 297

Sheaf of oats made up to represent St. Bride or Bridget, ii. 94 _sq._

Sheaves of wheat or barley burnt in Midsummer fires, x. 215

Sheba or Sabaea, the kings of, not allowed to quit their palace, iii. 124; their priestly character, iii. 125 _n._

Sheep torn by wolf in homoeopathic magic, i. 157; driven through fire, ii. 327, xi. 11 _sqq._; bred by people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 _n._ 3; used in purificatory ceremonies, iii. 174, 175; shoulder-blades of, used in divination, iii. 229; to be shorn when the moon is waxing, vi. 134; to be shorn in the waning of the moon, vi. 134 _n._ 3; reason for not eating, viii. 140; ghosts of, dreaded, viii. 231; used as scapegoat among the ancient Arabs, ix. 35; made to tread embers of extinct Midsummer fires, x. 182; driven over ashes of Midsummer fires, x. 192; burnt to stop disease in the flock, x. 301; burnt alive as a sacrifice in the Isle of Man, x. 306; omens drawn from the intestines of, xi. 13; passed through a hole in a rock to rid them of disease, xi. 189 _sq._

——, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 290; wetted as a rain-charm, i. 290; witch in shape of a, x. 316

Sheep-headed women, statuettes of, found at Lycosura, viii. 21 _n._ 4

—— -skin, fumigation with, viii. 324

—— -skins, candidates at initiation seated on, vii. 38; people beaten with, ix. 265

_Sheitan dere_, the Devil’s Glen, in Cilicia, v. 150

Shell called “old man,” homoeopathic magic of, i. 158

Shells used in ritual of death and resurrection, xi. 267 _n._ 2, 269

—— of eggs preserved, viii. 258 _n._ 2

Shenty, Egyptian cow-goddess, vi. 88

Shepherd beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371

Shepherd’s Isle, exorcism of strangers in, iii. 104

—— pouch thrashed as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 338

—— prayer, ii. 327 _sq._

Shepherds, Roman, fumigate their flocks, ii. 327, viii. 42

Shepherds’ festival, ancient Italian, ii. 326 _sqq._

Sherbro, Sierra Leone, sacred society in the, xi. 259 _sqq._

Shervaray Hills in Travancore, the Malayalies of the, iii. 402

Shetland, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326; witches in, i. 326; Yule in, ix. 167 _sqq._

—— fishermen, their use of magical images, i. 69 _sq._; their tabooed words, iii. 394

Shields of manslayers struck to make them resound, iii. 178; of the Salii struck with staves, iii. 233

Shifting cultivation, vii. 99

—— dates of Egyptian festivals, vi. 24 _sq._

Shilluk kings animated by the divine spirit of Nyakang, iv. 18; put to death before their strength fails, iv. 21 _sq._, vi. 163; worshipped after death, iv. 24 _sqq._, vi. 161 _sqq._

Shilluks, a tribe of the White Nile, iv. 17 _sqq._; custom of putting to death the divine kings, iv. 17 _sqq._, 204, 206; their worship of Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, iv. 18 _sqq._, vi. 162 _sqq._; ceremony on the accession of a new king of the, iv. 23 _sq._, 26 _sq._, 204; their worship of dead kings, iv. 24 _sqq._, vi. 161 _sq._; transmission of soul of divine founder of dynasty to all successors among the, iv. 198, 204

Shin, Loch, Hugh Miller on, iii. 40

Shinto rain-making ceremony, i. 297; priest exorcizes demons of plague, ix. 118

Shinty, the Scotch name for hockey, viii. 323, 324 _n._ 1

Ship, sicknesses expelled in a, ix. 185 _sqq._; demons expelled in a, ix. 201 _sq._

Ships sunk by witches, i. 135; ancient processions with, perhaps rain-charms, i. 251 _n._ 3

Shire River, the Makanga on the, viii. 287

Shirley Heath, cleft ash-tree at, xi. 168

Shirt worn by the effigy of Death, its use, iv. 247, 249

——, wet, divination by, at Hallowe’en, x. 236, 241

Shiverings and shakings as signs of inspiration, i. 377

Shoa, belief as to the shadow of an enemy in, iii. 83; a province of Abyssinia, customs observed at eating in, iii. 116

Shoe untied at marriage, iii. 300; custom of going with one shoe on and one shoe off, iii. 311 _sqq._; divination by thrown, x. 236

Shoes of priestess not to be made from skin of animal that died a natural death, iii. 14; not to be brought into the sanctuary of Alectrona, viii. 45; not to be worn in sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46; of boar’s skins worn by king at inauguration, x. 4; magical plants at Midsummer put in, xi. 54, 60, 65

Shogun’s palace in Japan, ix. 144

Shooter, Rev. J., on the agricultural labours of women among the Zulus, vii. 113 _sq._; on breaking a calabash and sacrifice of bulls at Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 _n._ 3

Shooting at the sun on Midsummer Day, xi. 291

“—— the Witches” on St. Sylvester’s Day in Bohemia, ix. 164; at witches in the clouds among the South Slavs, x. 345

Shooting stars, superstitions as to, iv. 58 _sqq._

_Shorea robusta_, the _sâl_ tree, sacred groves of, among the Khonds, ii. 41

Shortland, E., on taboo in New Zealand, iii. 134 _n._ 3

“Shot-a-dead” by fairies, x. 303

Shoulder-blades of sheep used in divination, iii. 229, 229 _n._ 4, viii. 234

Shoulders of medicine-men especially sensitive, v. 74 _n._ 4

Shouting as a means of stopping earthquakes, v. 197 _sqq._

Shravan, an Indian month, iv. 55

Shrew-ash, how prepared, i. 83

—— -mouse in magic, i. 83

Shrine (_fierte_) of St. Romain at Rouen, ii. 167, 168, 170 _n._ 1; of Aesculapius at Sicyon, v. 81

——, golden models of, found in royal graves at Mycenae, v. 33

Shrines of dead Shilluk kings, iv. 24 _sq._; of shark-shaped and crocodile-shaped heroes in Yam, v. 139 _n._ 1

Shropshire, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 78; cutting “the neck” at harvest in, vii. 268; “to loose the goose” at harvest in, vii. 277 _n._ 3; “crying the Mare” at harvest in, vii. 293 _sq._; the sin-eater in, ix. 44; the tug-of-war at Ludlow in, ix. 182; fires on Twelfth Night in, ix. 321; the Yule log in, x. 257; fear of witchcraft in, x. 342 _n._ 4; the oak thought to bloom on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 292, 293

Shrove Tuesday, dances on, to make the hemp or flax grow tall, i. 138 _sq._; straw puppet burnt by the Slovenes on, ii. 93; Burial of the Carnival on, iv. 221 _sqq._; mock death of, iv. 227 _sqq._; drama of Summer and Winter on, iv. 257; pig’s flesh boiled on, vii. 300; dances to make the flax thrive on, viii. 326; the tug-of-war on, ix. 182 _sq._; game of ball on, ix. 183; dances to promote the growth of the crops on, ix. 239, 347; effigies burnt on, x. 120; straw-man burnt on, xi. 22; wicker giants on, xi. 35; cats burnt alive on, xi. 40; the divining-rod cut on, xi. 68; custom of striking a hen dead on, xi. 279 _n._

Shrovetide Bear, the, iv. 230, viii. 325 _sq._

—— custom in the Erzgebirge, iv. 208 _sq._; in Bohemia, iv. 209

Shu, Egyptian god of light, v. 283 _n._ 3

Shumpaoli, god of the Makalaka, first-fruits offered to him, viii. 110 _sq._

Shurii-Kia-Miau, aboriginal tribe in China, annual human sacrifice among the, iv. 145

Shushan (Susa), fast of the Jews in, ix. 397

Shuswap Indians of British Columbia, their contagious magic of foot-prints, i. 210; their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 265; their way of bringing on cold weather, i. 319; their recovery of lost souls, iii. 67 _n._; their belief as to the shadows of mourners, iii. 83; customs observed by mourners among the, iii. 142; girls at puberty forbidden to scratch themselves among the, iii. 146 _n._ 1; continence of hunters among the, iii. 198; eat nutlets of pines, v. 278 _n._ 2; their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 226 _sq._; their regard for the bones of beavers, viii. 238; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 53 _sq._; girls at puberty forbidden to eat anything that bleeds among the, x. 94; fence themselves with thorn bushes against ghosts, xi. 174 _n._ 2; personal totems among the, xi. 276 _n._ 1; their belief as to trees struck by lightning, xi. 297 _n._ 3

Shway Yoe (Sir George Scott), on the worship of _nats_ in Burma, ix. 96

Sia Indians, chastity of hunters among the, iii. 197 _sq._

Siam, use of fire kindled by lightning in, ii. 256 _n._ 1; modes of executing royal criminals in, iii. 241 _sq._; forbidden to walk over the head of a superior in, iii. 254; tigers and crocodiles not named in their haunts in, iii. 403 _sq._; annual temporary kings in, iv. 149 _sqq._; catafalque burnt at funeral of king of, v. 179; annual festival of the dead in, vi. 65; sickness transferred from sick man to image in, viii. 103; the Laosians of, ix. 97; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 149 _sqq._; human scapegoats in, ix. 212; tree-spirit in serpent form in, xi. 44 _n._ 1. _See also_ Siamese

——, king of, divinity of, i. 401; his perpetual fire, ii. 262; not allowed to set foot on ground, x. 3

——, kings of, their bodies not to be touched under pain of death, iii. 226; names of, concealed from fear of sorcery, iii. 375

Siamese, the, do violence to the gods in time of drought or excessive rain, i. 299; fear to fell fine trees, ii. 41; kindle a sacred fire by means of a metal mirror or burning-glass, ii. 245 _n._; their belief as to foundation sacrifices, iii. 90; their superstition as to passing under a rope, iii. 250; their belief as to a guardian spirit in the head, iii. 252 _sq._; mock human sacrifices among the, iv. 218; their explanation of a first menstruation, x. 24; their story of the external soul, xi. 102

Siamese children, ceremony at cutting their hair, iii. 265 _sqq._; disposal of their cut hair, iii. 275

—— monks, their respect for trees, ii. 13

—— objection to stamping coins with the image of the king, iii. 98 _sq._

—— year of twelve lunar months, ix. 149 _n._ 2

Siaoo, or Siauw, East Indian island, belief as to sylvan spirits in, ii. 33; magic wrought by means of spittle in, iii. 288; puppets substituted for human sacrificial victims in, iv. 218; children sacrificed to volcano in, v. 219

Sibaia, a good spirit in Nias, viii. 276

Siberia, the Jukagirs of, i. 122; the Buryats of, ii. 32; the Orotchis of, iii. 232; the Samoyeds of, iii. 353; the natives of, will not call bears by their proper name, iii. 398; Eastern, the Gilyaks of, viii. 190; North-East, the Chuckchees of, viii. 221; North-East, the Koryaks of, viii. 232; marriage custom in, x. 75; external souls of shamans in, xi. 196 _sq._

Siberian sable-hunters, their respect for dead sables, viii. 238

Sibitti-baal, king of Byblus, paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser, v. 14

Sibree, Rev. J., on divinity of Betsileo chiefs, i. 397

Sibyl, the, and the Golden Bough, i. 11; and Aeneas, i. 11; the Grotto of, at Marsala, v. 247; the Norse, her prophecy, x. 102 _sq._

Sibyl’s wish, the, x. 99

Sibylline Books, v. 265

Sicilians, Demeter’s gift of corn to the, vii. 56 _sq._; their lamentations at being robbed of an image of Demeter, vii. 65

Sicily, stones tied to fruit-trees in, i. 140; attempts to compel the saints to give rain in, i. 299 _sq._; barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 21 _sq._; date of the artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ii. 314; Syrian prophet in, v. 74; fossil bones in, v. 157; hot springs in, v. 213; gardens of Adonis in, v. 245, 253 _sq._; divination at Midsummer in, v. 254; Good Friday ceremonies in, v. 255 _sq._; worship of Demeter and Persephone in, vii. 56, 65; Ascension Day in, ix. 54; Midsummer fires in, x. 210; St. John’s Day (Midsummer Day) regarded as dangerous and unlucky in, xi. 29; bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29; St. John’s wort as a balm in, xi. 55

Sick, sacrifices for the, iv. 20, 25; thought to be possessed by the spirits of kings, iv. 25 _sq._

Sick man, attempts to prevent the escape of the soul of, iii. 30 _sqq._

—— and old people put to death, iv. 14

—— people passed through a hole in an oak, ii. 371; not allowed to sleep, iii. 95; sprinkled with pungent spices, iii. 105 _sq._; resort to cave of Pluto, v. 205 _sq._ _See also_ Sickness

—— -room, mirrors covered up in, iii. 95

Sickles thrown at last standing corn, vii. 136, 142, 144, 153, 154, 165, 267, 268, 279, 296

Sickness, homoeopathic magic for the cure of, i. 78 _sqq._; explained by the absence of the soul, iii. 42 _sqq._; caused by ancestral spirits, iii. 53; ascribed to possession by demons and cured by exorcism, iii. 105 _sq._; thought to be caused by demons or ghosts, viii. 100 _sqq._, ix. 88, 94, 100, 102, 103, 109 _sqq._; cured or prevented by effigies, viii. 100 _sqq._; transferred to things, ix. 2 _sq._, 4 _sq._; transferred to people, ix. 6 _sq._; transferred to animals in Africa and other parts of the world, ix. 31 _sqq._, xi. 181; transferred to animals in Europe, ix. 49 _sqq._; bonfires a protection against, x. 108, 109. _See also_ Disease

Sicknesses expelled in a ship, ix. 185 _sqq._

Sicyon, the wooing of Agariste at, ii. 307; shrine of Aesculapius at, v. 81; the sanctuary of Wolfish Apollo at, viii. 283; wolves at, viii. 283, 284

Sidon, kings of, as priests of Astarte, v. 26

Siebold, H. von, on the bear-festivals of the Ainos, viii. 185 _n._

Sieg, the Yule log in the valley of the, x. 248

_Siem_, king, among the Khasis of Assam, vi. 210 _n._ 1

Siena, the, of the Ivory Coast, their totemism, xi. 220 _n._ 2

Sierck, town on the Moselle, the mayor of, officiates at the lighting of the Midsummer fire, x. 164

Sierra Leone, the Grebo people of, iii. 14; custom of beating a king before proclaiming him in, iii. 18; the Pleiades observed by the natives of, vii. 317 _sq._; birth-trees in, xi. 160; secret society in, xi. 260 _sq._

Sierra Nevada in Colombia, the Aurohuaca Indians of the, iii. 215, 216

Sieves in homoeopathic magic, i. 157; in rain-making, i. 251; water poured through, as a rain-charm, i. 285; children at birth placed in, vii. 6 _sqq._; divination by, x. 236

Sigai, hero in form of shark, v. 139 _n._ 1

Sigurd and the dragon Fafnir, iii. 324, viii. 146

Sihanaka, the, of Madagascar, funeral custom of the, vi. 246; transference of sickness to things among the, ix. 2 _sq._

Sikhim, kings of, puppets in the hands of priests, iii. 20; villagers in, their fear of being photographed, iii. 98; the people of, believe that ores and veins of metal are the treasure of earth-spirits, iii. 407 _n._ 2; offerings at cairns in, ix. 26; demonolatry in, ix. 94; custom after a funeral in, xi. 18

Silberberg, in Bohemia, custom at flax-dressing in, vii. 194

Silence observed by women in making pottery, ii. 204; enforced during absence of fisher, viii. 256; at transferring fever to willow, ix. 58; compulsory, to deceive demons, ix. 132 _sq._, 140; compulsory on girls at puberty, x. 29, 57; at bathing on Easter Saturday night, x. 123; at fetching water on Easter Saturday night, x. 124; at digging the root of the yellow mullein at midnight on Midsummer Eve,