iv. 221;

enacted in Shrovetide or Lenten ceremonies, iv. 233; of the gods, viii. 16; of animals, viii. 200 _sq._, 256 _sqq._; of fish, viii. 250, 254; bones of men preserved for the, viii. 259; in popular tales, viii. 263 _sq._; the divine, in Mexican ritual, ix. 288, 296, 302; of Semitic gods, ix. 398; of Eabani, ix. 399; ritual of death and resurrection at initiation, xi. 225 _sqq._

—— of Attis at the vernal equinox, v. 272 _sq._, 307 _sq._

—— of the Carnival, iv. 252

—— of the dead effected by giving their names to living persons, iii. 365 _sqq._; conceived on the pattern of the resurrection of Osiris, vi. 15 _sq._

—— of the effigy of Death, iv. 247 _sqq._

—— of Hercules (Melcarth), v. 111 _sq._

—— of Kostrubonko at Eastertide, iv. 261

—— of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, vi. 85; depicted on the monuments, vi. 89 _sq._; date of its celebration at Rome, vi. 95 _n._ 1; symbolized by the setting up of the _ded_ pillar, vi. 109

Resurrection of Tylon, v. 186 _sq._

—— of the Wild Man, iv. 252

Retaliation in Southern India, law of, iv. 141 _sq._

Retoroños, the, of Bolivia, ate the powdered bones of their dead, viii. 157

Reuzes, wicker giants in Brabant and Flanders, xi. 35

Revelry at Purim, ix. 363 _sq._

Revels, Master of the, at the English court, ix. 333 _sq._

Revenge, suicide as a mode of, iv. 141

Revin, Midsummer fires at, x. 188

Revolution, social, from democracy to despotism, i. 371

Revolve from left to right, small fir-trees made to, on Midsummer Day, ii. 66

Revolving image, viii. 322 _n._

_Rex Nemorensis_, the King of the Wood at Nemi, i. 11

_Rhamnus catharticus_, buckthorn, used as a protection against witches, ix. 153 _n._ 1

Rhea and Cronus, iv. 194, ix. 351

Rhegium in Italy, founded in consequence of a vow to Apollo, iv. 187 _n._ 5

Rhenish Prussia, Lenten fires in, x. 115

Rhetra, religious capital of the Western Slavs, inspired priest at, i. 383

Rheumatism in homoeopathic magic, i. 155; ascribed to magic, i. 207 _sq._, 213; popular remedy for, by means of pepper, iii. 106; popular remedy for, by means of bees, iii. 106 _n._ 2; crawling under a bramble as a cure for, xi. 180

Rhine, dramatic contest between Winter and Summer on the middle, iv. 254; bathing in the, on St. John’s Eve, v. 248

——, the Lower, need-fire on, x. 278; St. John’s wort on Midsummer Day on, xi. 54

Rhinoceros’ horn and hide, shavings of, swallowed by warriors to make them strong, viii. 143

Rhinoceros hunters not allowed to wash, i. 115

Rhinoceroses, souls of the dead transmigrate into, iv. 85

Rhins, J. L. Dutreuil de, on ceremony of beating an effigy of an ox in spring at Kashgar, viii. 13

Rhodes, Lindus in, i. 281; the Telchines of, i. 310; rolling on the grass on St. George’s morning in, ii. 333; human sacrifices to Baal in, iv. 195; described by Strabo, v. 195 _n._ 3; worship of Helen in, v. 292

Rhodesia, the Winamwanga of, viii. 112, xi. 297; the Yombe of, viii. 112; the Wemba of, viii. 158; the Awemba of, viii. 272 _sq._

Rhodesia, Northern, the Bantu tribes of, their worship of ancestral spirits, vi. 174 _sqq._; their worship of dead chiefs or kings, vi. 191 _sqq._

Rhodians worship the sun, i. 315; dedicate chariot and horses to the sun, i. 315, 316, viii. 45; the Venetians of antiquity, v. 195; their annual sacrifice of a man to Cronus, ix. 353 _sq._, 397

_Rhodomyrtus tomentosus_, used to kindle fire by friction, xi. 8

Rhön Mountains, Lenten custom in the, x. 117

Rhyndacos, the river, boundary of Bithynia, ix. 421 _n._ 1

Rhys, Professor Sir John, on Coligny calendar, i. 17 _n._ 2, ix. 343 _n._; on the relation of Irish Druidism to Christianity, ii. 363; as to _The Book of Rights_, iii. 12 _n._ 2; on personal names, iii. 319; on Lammas, iv. 101; on custom of sticking pins in a saint’s statue, ix. 70 _sq._; on Beltane fires, x. 157; on driving cattle through fires, x. 159; on old New Year’s Day in the Isle of Man, x. 224; on Hallowe’en bonfires in Wales, x. 239 _sq._; on burnt sacrifices in the Isle of Man, x. 305 _sqq._; on alleged Welsh name for mistletoe, xi. 286 _n._ 3

Riabba, in Fernando Po, residence of the native king, iii. 8

Ribald jests at the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 38

—— songs in rain-charm, i. 267

Ribble, Hallowe’en cakes on the banks of the, x. 245

Ribhus, Vedic genii of the seasons, ix. 325

Ribwort gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49

Ricci, S. de, on the Coligny calendar, ix. 343 _n._

Rice, homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 136; homoeopathic magic at reaping, i. 139 _sq._; charm to make rice grow, i. 140; homoeopathic magic at planting, i. 143; in bloom treated like pregnant woman, ii. 28 _sq._, vii. 183 _sq._; chastity at sowing, ii. 106; used to attract the soul conceived as a bird, iii. 34 _sqq._, 45 _sqq._; strewn on bridegroom’s head, iii. 35; used to attract wandering souls, iii. 62; used in exorcism, iii. 106; in water, divination by, iii. 368; special language employed at harvest in order not to frighten the spirit of the, iii. 412; Dyak story as to the first planting of, iv. 127 _sq._; cultivated in Assam, vii. 123; cultivated in New Guinea, vii. 123; the first rice cut, ceremony at bringing home, vii. 185 _sq._; spirituous liquor distilled from, vii. 242; spirits that cause the growth of, thought to be in goat form, vii. 288; “eating the soul of the rice,” viii. 54; the first, sowed and reaped by priest, viii. 54; the new, ceremonies at eating the, viii. 54 _sqq._

Rice (paddy), Father and Mother of the, among the Szis of Burma, vii. 203 _sq._

——, Rajah or King of the, in Mandeling (Sumatra), vii. 197

——, soul of, vii. 180 _sqq._; not to be frightened, iii. 412; in the first sheaf cut, vi. 239; as bird, vii. 182 _n._ 1; caught or detained, vii. 184 _sqq._; recalled, vii. 189 _sq._; in a blue bird, vii. 295

Rice barn, homoeopathic magic at building a, i. 140

—— -bride and -bridegroom, marriage of, at rice-harvest in Java, vii. 199 _sq._

—— -cakes, sacrificial, as substitutes for human beings, viii. 89; mystically transformed into bodies of men by manipulation of priest, viii. 89

—— -child at harvest in the Malay Peninsula, vii. 197 _sqq._

—— -ears, the young, fed like children, ii. 29

—— -fields, sacred, among the Kayans, vii. 93, 108

—— -goddess in Lombok, vii. 202

—— -harvest, special language employed by reapers at, iii. 410 _sq._, 411 _sq._; marriage ceremony in Java at, vii. 199 _sq._; ceremony of the Horse at, viii. 337 _sqq._; carnival at the, ix. 226 _n._ 1

—— -mother in the East Indies, vii. 180 _sqq._; A. C. Kruyt on the, vii. 183 _n._ 1; among the Minangkabauers of Sumatra, vii. 191 _sqq._; in the Malay Peninsula, vii. 197 _sqq._

—— -sieve, infant at birth placed in, vii. 8

—— -spirit conceived as husband and wife, vii. 201 _sqq._

Richalm, Abbot, his fear of devils, ix. 105 _sq._

Richard Cœur-de-Lion at Rouen, ii. 164, 165

Richter, O., on the valley of Egeria, i. 18 _n._ 4

Rickard, R. H., on the seclusion of girls at puberty in New Ireland, x. 34

Rickets, children passed through cleft ash-trees as a cure for, xi. 168; children passed through cleft oaks as a cure for, xi. 170; children passed through a holed stone as a cure for, xi. 187

Rickety children passed through a natural wooden ring, xi. 184

Riddles in rain-making ceremony, iii. 154; asked while the people watch the crops in the fields, vii. 194; asked at certain seasons or on certain occasions, ix. 121 _n._ 3

“Ride of the Beardless One,” a Persian New Year ceremony, ix. 402 _sq._

Ridgeway, Professor William, as to Homeric kings, i. 366 _n._ 3; on a Whitsuntide custom, ii. 103 _n._ 3; on the magical virtue of iron, iii. 230 _n._ 7; on the marriage of brothers and sisters, vi. 216 _n._ 1; on the Thracian Carnival ceremonies, vii. 29 _n._ 2; on the marriage of Zeus and Demeter at Eleusis, vii. 65; on Dionysus Bassareus, viii. 282 _n._ 5; on Lycaean Zeus, ix. 353 _n._ 4; on the origin of Greek tragedy, ix. 384 _n._ 2

Ridley, Rev. W., on the annual expulsion of ghosts in Australia, ix. 23 _sq._

Riedel, J. G. F., on the belief in the spirits of the dead in Timor, ix. 85; on the Kakian association in Ceram, xi. 249

Rif, province of Morocco, Midsummer fires in, x. 214 _n._, 215; bathing at Midsummer in, x. 216

Rig Veda, hymn about frogs in the, i. 294; hymns of the, in honour of Parjanya, ii. 368 _sq._; on the slaying of Vṛtra by Indra, iv. 106 _sq._; the sun called “the golden swing in the sky” in the, iv. 279; story of creation in the, ix. 410; how Indra cured Apala in the, xi. 193

Riga, Midsummer festival at, x. 177

Right foot foremost, iii. 189, vii. 203

—— hand, luckiness of the, x. 151 _n._

—— -hand turn (_deiseal_, _dessil_) in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 150 _n._ 1, 154

—— shoe of bridegroom to be untied, iii. 300 _n._ 2

Ring, golden, worn as a charm, i. 137; broken, iii. 13; on ankle as badge of office, iii. 15; competition for, at harvest supper, vii. 160; suspended in Purim bonfire, ix. 393; divination by a, x. 237; crawling through a, as a cure or preventive of disease, xi. 184 _sqq._; worn by initiates as token of the new birth, xi. 257. _See also_ Rings

Ringhorn, Balder’s ship, x. 102

Ringing church bells on Midsummer Eve, custom as to, xi. 47 _sq._ _See also_ Bells

“—— out the grass,” ii. 344

Rings used to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31; as spiritual fetters, iii. 313 _sq._; as amulets, iii. 235, 314 _sqq._, x. 92; not to be worn, iii. 314; not to be worn in the sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46; head-ache transferred to, ix. 2; mourners creep through, xi. 178, 179. _See also_ Ring

Rings and knots tabooed, iii. 293 _sqq._

Rio de Janeiro, ordeal of girls at puberty among the Indians about, x. 59

—— Enivra, the Tauaré Indians of, viii. 157

—— Grande in Brazil, the Carayahis, Indian tribe on the, iii. 348

—— Negro in Brazil, ashes of the dead drunk by Indians of the, viii. 157; ordeals of young men among the Indians of the, x. 63

Risley, Sir Herbert H., on Indian fire-walk, xi. 5 _n._ 3

Rites of irrigation in Egypt, vi. 33 _sqq._; of sowing, vi. 40 _sqq._; of harvest, vi. 45 _sqq._

—— of Plough Monday, viii. 325 _sqq._

Ritual, children of living parents in, vi. 236 _sqq._; of the Bechuanas at founding a new town, vi. 249; primitive, marks of, vii. 169; magical or propitiatory, vii. 169, 170; myths dramatized in, x. 105; of death and resurrection at initiation, xi. 225 _sqq._

—— of Adonis, v. 223 _sqq._

—— of Attis, v. 263 _sqq._

—— of Dionysus, vii. 14 _sq._

Ritual dance in honour of Demeter and Persephone, viii. 339

—— murder, accusations of, brought against the Jews, ix. 394 _sqq._

River of Good Fortune, in West Africa, ix. 28

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., on the confusion of magic and religion among the Todas, i. 230 _n._; on the sacred milkmen of the Todas, i. 403 _n._ 1, vi. 228; on the differentiation of medicine-men from sorcerers among the Todas, i. 421 _n._ 1; on restrictions imposed on holy dairymen among the Todas, iii. 17; as to Melanesian theory of conception in women, v. 97 _sq._; on _tamaniu_, xi. 199 _n._ 1

Rivers, hair offered to, i. 31; girls sacrificed in marriage to, i. 151 _sq._; horses sacrificed to, ii. 16 _sq._; as lovers of women in Greek mythology, ii. 161 _sq._; prohibition to cross, iii. 9 _sq._; hair dedicated to, iii. 261, 261 _n._ 5; as the seat of worship of deities, v. 160; bathing in, at Midsummer, v. 246, 248, 249, xi. 30; gods worshipped beside, v. 289; used to sweep away evils, ix. 3 _sq._, 5; offerings and prayers to, ix. 27 _sq._; menstruous women not allowed to cross or bathe in, x. 77, 97; claim human victims at Midsummer, xi. 26 _sqq._

Rivos, harvest-god of Celts in Gaul, i. 17

Rivros, a Celtic month, i. 17 _n._ 2, ix. 343

Rizano, in Dalmatia, the Yule log at, x. 263

Rizpah and her sons, v. 22

“Road of Jerusalem,” iv. 76

Roasted food prescribed for man-slayers, iii. 169

Robber caste in South India, the law of retaliation among a, iv. 141 _sq._

Robbers, charm used by, vii. 235

Robertson, Sir George Scott, on the dances of Kafir women in the Hindoo Koosh, i. 133 _sq._; on ceremonial purity among the Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, iii. 14 _notes_

Robertson, Rev. James, on the Beltane fires in the parish of Callander, x. 150 _sqq._

_Robigo_ or _Robigus_, mildew, worshipped by the Romans, viii. 282 _n._ 7

Robinson, C. H., on human life bound up with that of an animal, xi. 209

Robinson, Edward, on the vale of the Adonis, v. 29 _n._

Robinson, Captain W. C., on human victims among the Khonds, iv. 139 _n._ 1

Roccacaramanico, in the Abruzzi, Easter ceremonies at, v. 256 _n._ 2

Rochholz, C. L., on need-fire, x. 270 _n._

Rock-crystal in charm to prevent rain, i. 290; used to stop rain, i. 305

—— -crystals in rain-charms, i. 346

—— -hewn sculptures at Ibreez, v. 121 _sq._; at Boghaz-Keui, v. 129 _sqq._

Rockhill, W. W., on the custom of swinging in Corea, iv. 284 _sq._; on dance of eunuchs in Corea, v. 270 _n._ 2; on the annual expulsion of the devil at Lhasa, ix. 221 _n._ 1

Rocks in rain-making, i. 306, 309; sick people passed through holes in, xi. 186 _sq._, 189 _sq._

Rodents, souls of dead in, viii. 291

Rods, iron, in magic, i. 346 _sq._

Roepstorff, F. A. de, on the Nicobar custom of not mentioning the names of the dead, iii. 362 _sq._

Roeskilde, in Zealand, the last sheaf called the Rye-beggar near, vii. 231

Rogations, ancient Mexican festival compared to, ix. 277; Monday of, ii. 166

Rohde, Erwin, on purification by blood, v. 299 _n._ 2; on Hyacinth, v. 315; on an argument for immortality, vii. 91 _n._ 2; on the Anthesteria, ix. 153 _n._ 1

Röhrenbach, in Baden, the Corn-sow or Oats-sow at making up the last sheaf at, vii. 298

Roko Tui, the Sacred King of Fiji, iii. 21

Rolling on the fields as a fertility charm, ii. 103; at harvest, ii. 104

—— cakes on the ground for omens on St. George’s Day, ii. 338; on May Day, x. 153

—— down a slope on May Day, ii. 103

—— Easter eggs down hill, ix. 269

Rollo, how he learned the speech of animals, viii. 146

Röllshausen, in Hesse, the Little Whitsuntide Man at, ii. 81

Romagna, belief as to falling stars in the, iv. 66; Befana (Epiphany) in the Tuscan, ix. 167

Roman calendar, vii. 83 _sq._

—— celebration of the _Nonae Caprotinae_, ii. 313 _sq._, ix. 258

—— custom of keeping a perpetual fire in every house, ii. 260; of presenting women with key as symbol of easy delivery, iii. 296; of sacrificing human beings at the grave, iv. 143

—— deities called “Father” and “Mother,” vi. 233 _sqq._; of the corn, vii. 210 _n._ 3

—— emperor, funeral pyre of, v. 126 _sq._

—— emperors, fire carried before, ii. 264

—— financial oppression, v. 301 _n._ 2

—— Forum, temple of Vesta in the, i. 13. _See also_ Forum

—— funerals, personation of the illustrious dead at, ii. 178

—— game of Troy, iv. 76 _sq._

—— _genius_ symbolized by a serpent, v. 86

—— gods, their names not to be mentioned, iii. 391 _n._ 1; the marriage of the, vi. 230 _sqq._; compared to Greek gods, vi. 235

—— husbandman, his prayers to Mars, ix. 229

—— king and queen as representatives of Jupiter and Juno in a Sacred Marriage, ii. 192

—— kings as deities in a Sacred Marriage, ii. 172 _sq._, 192, 193 _sq._, 318 _sq._; as personifications of Jupiter, ii. 174 _sqq._, 266 _sq._; as public rain-makers, ii. 183; list of, ii. 269 _sq._; rule of succession among, ii. 270 _sq._; plebeians, not patricians, ii. 289; how nominated, ii. 295 _sq._; as personifications of Saturn, ii. 311, 322; their mysterious or violent ends, ii. 312 _sqq._; their obscure birth, ii. 312 _sq._

—— kingship, descent of, in the female line, ii. 270 _sq._; abolition of the, ii. 289 _sqq._; a religious office, ii. 289

—— law, revival of, v. 301; as to knocking a nail into a wall on 13th September, ix. 66

Roman maxim about cutting hair and nails at sea, iii. 271

—— mode of execution, iv. 144

—— mythology, fragments of, vi. 235

—— personal names derived from cattle, ii. 324 _n._ 1

—— priests shaved with bronze, iii. 226

—— religion, rule as to knots in, iii. 294

—— rule as to wine offered in libations, iii. 249 _n._ 2

—— Saturnalia, ix. 306 _sqq._

—— soldiers, celebration of the Saturnalia by, ix. 308 _sq._

—— writers on curses at sowing, i. 281

—— women washed their heads on Diana’s day, iii. 253

—— year, the old, began in March, ix. 229

Romans, sacrificed pregnant victims to ensure fertility, i. 141; their punishment of parricide, ii. 110 _n._ 2; their fire-customs compared to those of the Herero, ii. 227 _sqq._; their superstition as to egg-shells, iii. 129; the soul to be in the blood, iii. 241; vows of the, iii. 262 _n._ 2; their evocation of gods of besieged cities, iii. 391; their funeral customs, iv. 92, 96; their indifference to death, iv. 143 _sq._; their custom of vowing a “Sacred Spring,” iv. 186 _sq._; their custom of catching the souls of the dying, iv. 200; adopt the worship of the Phrygian Mother of the Gods, v. 265; correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 27 _sq._; their expiation for prodigies, vi. 244; their marriage custom, vi. 245; their sacrifice of red-haired puppies to avert blighting influence of Dog-star, vii. 261, viii. 34; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318; sacrificed the first-fruits of corn and wine to Ceres and Liber, viii. 133; their worship of mildew, viii. 282; their cure for fever, ix. 47; their cure for epilepsy, ix. 68; their festival in honour of ghosts, ix. 154 _sq._; their seasons of sowing, ix. 232; their mode of reckoning a day, ix. 326 _n._ 2; their belief as to menstruous women, x. 98 _n._ 1; their cure for dislocation, xi. 177; deemed sacred the places which were struck by lightning, xi. 299

——, the ancient, their ceremonies for procuring rain, i. 309, 310; their belief as to the wasting effect of incest, ii. 115; their superstitious objection to clasped hands and crossed legs, iii. 298; their religion, full of relics of savagery, ix. 234. _See also_ Rome

Romanus Lecapenus, emperor, how he took the life of Simeon, prince of Bulgaria, xi. 156

Rome, the Porta Capena at, i. 18; temple of Concordia at, i. 21 _n._ 2; the Sacrificial King at, i. 44, 46, ii. 1; rain-making ceremony at, i. 310, ii. 183; sacred trees in, ii. 10; the kings of, ii. 171 _sqq._; founded by settlers from Alba Longa, ii. 178; Capitoline hill at, ii. 184, 189; Capitoline Jupiter at, ii. 187; “fig-town,” ii. 218; founded by shepherds and herdsmen, ii. 324; founded at the Parilia, April 21st, ii. 325, 326; name of guardian deity of Rome kept secret, iii. 391; funeral games at, iv. 96; _Regifugium_ at, iv. 213; custom observed by boys at Mid-Lent in, iv. 241; masks hung on trees at time of sowing at, iv. 283; Phrygian Mother of the Gods brought to, v. 265; temple of Victory at, v. 265; high-priest of Cybele at, v. 285; resurrection of Osiris celebrated at, vi. 95 _n._ 1; sacrifice of she-goat to Vedijovis at, vii. 33; annual sacrifice of October horse at, viii. 42 _sqq._; the festival of the Compitalia at, viii. 94, 107; the Mother or Grandmother of Ghosts at, vii. 94, 96, 107; the Sublician bridge at, viii. 107; vintage inaugurated by Flamen Dialis at, viii. 133; Piazza Navona at, ix. 166 _sq._; colleges of the Salii at, ix. 232; the Saturnalia at, ix. 307 _sq._; the sacred fire of Vesta at, ii. 207, x. 138, xi. 91; myrtle-trees of the Patricians and Plebeians at, xi. 168; oak of the Vespasian family at, xi. 168; the Sister’s Beam at, xi. 194; the _Porta Triumphalis_ at, xi. 195

——, ancient, oak woods on the site of, ii. 184 _sqq._; the knocking of nails in, ix. 64 _sqq._; human scapegoats in, ix. 229 _sqq._; Midsummer Day in, x. 178

Romove, Romow, or Romowe, its sacred oak and perpetual fire of oak-wood, ii. 366 _n._ 2, xi. 91, 286

Romsdal, Norway, the Old Hay-man at haymaking in the, vii. 223

Romulus, fig-tree of, ii. 10, 318; Capitoline temple of Jupiter built by, ii. 176; death of, ii. 181 _sq._, 313; worshipped after death as Quirinus, ii. 182, 193 _n._ 1; married to Hersilia, ii. 193 _n._ 1; legend of his birth from the fire, ii. 196, vi. 235; hut of, ii. 200; son of a Vestal virgin, ii. 228; his children, ii. 270 _n._ 3; the name thought by some to mean “fig-man,” ii. 318; celebrates the Parilia, ii. 329; cut in pieces, vi. 98; birth of, vi. 235; his disappearance at the Goat’s Marsh on the _Nonae Caprotinae_, ix. 258; said to have been cut to pieces by the patricians, ix. 258

Romulus or Remulus, king of Alba, his rivalry with Jupiter, ii. 180

—— and Remus, said to be sons of the fire, ii. 196; their legend perhaps a reminiscence of a double kingship, ii. 290; suckled by she-wolf under a fig-tree, ii. 318; reputed sons of Mars by a Vestal Virgin, vi. 234 _sq._

—— and Tatius, ii. 290

Rongrong village in Assam, hobby-horse at, viii. 337

Roocooyen Indians of French Guiana, their tug-of-war, ix. 181; their custom of stinging young people with ants and wasps, ix. 263. _See_ Rucuyennes

Roof, children’s cast teeth deposited on the, i. 178 _sq._, 180; hole in, used in ritual, iii. 316; spirits enter through the, viii. 123; remains of slain bear let down through the, viii. 189 _sq._, 196; dances on the, ix. 315; the external soul in, xi. 156

Roofing the king’s palace in Uganda, custom as to, iii. 254

Roofs of new houses, sacrifices offered on, ii. 39

Rook, island of, custom of killing all first-born children in the, iv. 180; expulsion of devil in the, ix. 109; initiation of young men in the, xi. 246

Roots, the first of the season, ceremonies before eating, viii. 80 _sqq._

—— and seeds, wild, collected by women, vii. 124 _sqq._

Rope, ceremony of sliding down a, ix. 196 _sqq._

Roper River, in Australia, gum-tree full of spirit-children on the, v. 101

Ropes used to keep off demons, ix. 120, 149, 154 _n._; used to exclude ghosts, ix. 152 _sq._, 154 _n._

Roro district of British New Guinea, women after childbirth tabooed in the, iii. 148

—— -speaking tribes of British New Guinea, seclusion of homicides among the, iii. 168; taboos observed before a hunt among the, iii. 193

Roscher, Dr. W. H., on the Sacred Marriage, ii. 137 _n._ 1, 143 _n._ 1; on Janus as the god of doors, ii. 383 _n._ 3; on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 _n._ 2; on Pan, viii. 2 _n._ 9; on the beating of Mamurius Veturius, ix. 231 _n._ 3; on the Salii, ix. 231 _n._ 3; on the Roman ceremony of passing under a yoke, xi. 194 _n._ 2

Roscoe, Rev. John, on rite of adoption among the Bahima, i. 75; on descent of the totem in Uganda, ii. 276 _n._ 2; on the belief of the Baganda in conception caused by a wild banana-tree, ii. 318 _n._ 1; on succession to the kingship among the Banyoro, ii. 322 _n._ 2; on avoidance of wife’s mother in Uganda, iii. 85 _n._ 1; on the Baganda belief as to shadows, iii. 87 _n._ 5; as to menstruation customs in Uganda, iii. 145 _n._ 4; on taboos observed by Baganda fishermen, iii. 195 _n._ 1; as to roofing the king’s palace in Uganda, iii. 254 _n._ 5; on disposal of cut hair and nails in Uganda, iii. 277 _n._ 10; on change of vocabulary caused by fear of naming the dead among the Basagala, iii. 361 _n._ 2; on the bearing of the human victims in Uganda, iv. 139; on the custom of strangling first-born males in Uganda, Koki, and Bunyoro, iv. 182 _n._ 2; on consultation of souls of dead kings of Uganda, iv. 201 _n._ 1; on serpent-worship among the Baganda and Banyoro, v. 86 _n._ 1; on the Baganda belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 92 _sq._; on potters in Uganda, vi. 135; on the religion of the Bahima, vi. 190 _sq._; on the worship of the dead among the Baganda, vi. 196; on Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, vi. 196 _sq._; on massacres for sick kings of Uganda, vi. 226; on woman’s share in agriculture among the Baganda, vii. 118; on human sacrifices for the crops among the Wamegi, vii. 240 _n._ 4; on the transference of abscesses among the Bahima, ix. 6; on the worship of the river Nakiza, ix. 27 _sq._; on the use of scapegoats among the Baganda and Bahima, ix. 32; on life-trees of kings of Uganda, xi. 160; on passing through a cleft stick or a narrow opening as a cure in Uganda, xi. 181

Roscommon, Twelfth Night in, ix. 321 _sq._; divination at Hallowe’en in, x. 243

Rose, H. A., on the sacrifice of the first-born in India, iv. 181

Rose, the Little May, ii. 74

——, the Sunday of the, fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 _n._ 1

——, the white, dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, v. 226

Rose-bushes a protection against witches, ii. 338; used by mourners, probably to keep off the ghost, iii. 143

—— -tree, death in a blue, xi. 110

Rosemary burnt on May Day as a protection against witches, ix. 158 _sq._; branches of, used to beat people with in the Christmas holidays, ix. 270, 271

Rosenheim, district of Upper Bavaria, the Straw-bull at harvest in, vii. 289 _sq._

Roses, the smoke of, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 339; festival of the Crown of, x. 195; the King and Queen of, x. 195

Rosetta stone, the inscription, vi. 27, 152 _n._

Roslin, the last sheaf called the Bride at, vii. 163

Rosmapamon, in Brittany, Renan’s home at, ix. 70

Ross, Isabella, on the harvest Maiden in Sutherlandshire, vii. 162 _n._ 3

Ross-shire, the _corp chre_ in, i. 69; Beltane cakes in, x. 153; burnt sacrifice of a pig in, x. 301 _sq._

Rostowski, S., on the heathen religion of the Lithuanians, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Rostra, the, in the Forum, ii. 178

Rotation of crops, vii. 117

Rotenburg on the Neckar, offering to the river on St. John’s Day at, xi. 28; the wicked weaver of, xi. 289 _sq._

Roth, H. Ling, on Tasmanian modes of making fire, ii. 258 _n._ 1

Roth, W. E., on changes of names caused by fear of ghosts among the natives of Queensland, iii. 356; on belief in conception without sexual intercourse among the natives of Queensland, v. 103 _n._ 2

Rotomahana in New Zealand, pink terraces at, v. 207, 209 _n._

Rottenburg in Swabia, burning the Angel-man at, x. 167; precautions against witches on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 73

Rotti, an East Indian island, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 191; compensation to tree-spirit for felling tree in, ii. 36; spiritual ruler in, iii. 24; custom as to cutting child’s hair in, iii. 276, 283; custom as to knots at marriage in, iii. 301; story of the type of Beauty and the Beast in, iv. 130 _n._ 1

Rottweil, the Carnival Fool at, iv. 231

Rotuma, treatment of navel-string in, i. 184

Rouen, St. Romain at, ii. 164 _sqq._; church of St. Ouen at, ii. 165; ceremony of pardoning a prisoner on Ascension Day at, ii. 166 _sqq._, ix. 215 _sq._

Roumania, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 273 _sq._; festival of Green George among the gipsies of, ii. 75 _sq._; the Jews of, their custom at hard labour in childbirth, iii. 298

Roumanians of Transylvania, their precautions against witches on St. George’s Day, ii. 338; their dread of noon, iii. 88; their fear as to their shadows at building, iii. 89 _sq._; their fear of wounding ghosts, iii. 238; pile branches’ on certain graves, ix. 16; their belief in demons, ix. 106 _sq._; their belief as to the sacredness of bread, x. 13

Round temple of Diana, i. 13; temple of Vesta, i. 13, ii. 206; temple of the Sun, ii. 147; huts of the ancient Latins, ii. 200 _sqq._

Rouse, Dr. W. H. D., on the blessing of the fruits in Greece on August 15th, i. 15 _n._ 3; on Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 82; on image of Demeter, vii. 208 _n._ 1

Rowan or mountain-ash, hoops wreathed with, carried on May Day, ii. 63; used as a charm, ii. 331; pastoral crook cut from a, ii. 331; herd-boy’s wand of, ii. 341; parasitic, esteemed effective against witchcraft, xi. 281; superstitions about a, xi. 281 _sq._; how it is to be gathered, xi. 282; not to be touched with iron and not to fall on the ground, xi. 282

Rowan tree, a protection against witches, ii. 53, 54, ix. 267, x. 154, 327 _n._ 1, xi. 184 _n._ 4, 185; cattle beaten with branches of, on May Day, ix. 266 _sq._; hoop of, sheep passed through a, x. 184. _See also_ Mountain-ash

Rowmore, Garelochhead, vii. 158 _n._ 1

Roxburgh in Queensland, rain-making at, i. 255

Royal blood not to be shed on the ground, iii. 241 _sqq._

—— disease, jaundice called the, i. 371 _n._ 1

—— families, two, supplying a king alternately, in the Matse tribe of Togoland, ii. 293; animals sacred to, iv. 82

—— family, in four branches, providing a king in turn, among the Igaras of the Niger, ii. 294; divided into two branches, in the Langrim State of the Khasis, ii. 295

—— personages conceived as charged with spiritual electricity, i. 371

Royalty, conservative of old customs, ii. 288; the burden of, iii. 1 _sqq._

Rubens, head of giant effigy at Douay said to have been painted by, xi. 33

Rucuyennes of Brazil, ordeal of young men among the, x. 63. _See_ Roocooyennes

Rue, curses at sowing, i. 281; houses fumigated with, as a protection against witches, ix. 158; burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213

Rue aux Ours at Paris, effigy of giant burnt in the, xi. 38

Rugaba, supreme god in Kiziba, vi. 173

Rügen, holy shrine in, ii. 241 _n._ 4; the binder of the last sheaf called Rye-wolf, Wheat-wolf, or Oats-wolf in, vii. 274; sick persons passed through a cleft oak in, xi. 172

Ruhla, in Thüringen, the Little Leaf Man at, ii. 80

Rukmini, wife of Krishna, ii. 26

Rukunitambua, a heathen temple in Fiji, iii. 264

Rulers expected to have power over nature, i. 353 _sq._

Rules of life observed by sacred kings and priests, iii. 1 _sqq._; based on a theory of lunar influence, vi. 132 _sqq._, 140 _sqq._

Rum, island of, and the Lachlin family, xi. 284

Rumina, a Roman goddess, unmarried, vi. 231

Runaway slaves, charms to catch, i. 152, 317, iii. 305 _sq._

Runaways, knots as charm to stop, iii. 305 _sq._

Runes, magic, i. 241; how Odin learned the, v. 290

Running, contests in, at New Year festival among the Kayans, vii. 98. _See also_ Foot-races _and_ Races

Rupert’s Day, effigy burnt on, x. 119

Rupt in the Vosges, Lenten fires at, x. 109; the Yule log at, x. 254

Rupture, cured by plugging a snail into a tree, ix. 52; nailed into oaks, ix. 60; children passed through cleft ash-trees or oaks as a cure for, xi. 168 _sqq._, 170 _sqq._

Rurikwi, river in Mashonaland, chiefs not allowed to cross, iii. 9

Rush, the small (_Juncus tenuis_), in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Rush-cutter (_Binsenschneider_), a mythical being supposed to mow down the crops on St. John’s Day, vii. 230 _n._ 5

Russell, F., on purification of manslayers among the Pimas, iii. 183 _sq._

Russia, thieves’ candles in, i. 236; rain-making in, i. 248; bathing as a rain-charm in, i. 277; rain-making by means of the dead in, i. 285; St. George’s Day in, ii. 79, 332 _sqq._; priest rolled on the fields to fertilize them in, ii. 103; sect of the Skoptsy in, ii. 145, 145 _n._ 2; belief as to the souls of ancestors in the fire on the hearth in, ii. 232 _sq._; fear of having one’s likeness taken in, iii. 100; use of knots as amulets in, iii. 306 _sq._; funeral ceremonies of Kostrubonko, etc., in, iv. 261 _sqq._; annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 75 _sqq._; harvest customs in, vii. 146, 215, 233; the Wotyaks of, ix. 155 _sq._; the Cheremiss of, ix. 156; Midsummer fires in, x. 176, xi. 40; need-fire in, x. 281, xi. 91; treatment of the effigy of Kupalo in, xi. 23; the Letts of, xi. 50; purple loose-strife gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 65; fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65, 66, 287 _sqq._; birth-trees in, xi. 165. _See also_ Russian _and_ Russians

Russia, the Jews of South, their custom as to cast teeth, i. 178

——, South-Eastern, the Cheremiss of, ii. 44

——, White, worship of Leschiy, a woodland spirit in, ii. 125; charm to protect corn from hail in, vii. 300

Russian celebration of Whitsuntide, ii. 64, 79 _sq._, 93

—— feast of Florus and Laurus, x. 220

—— girls, their mock burial of flies on the 1st of September, viii. 279 _sq._

—— Midsummer custom, v. 250 _sq._

—— villagers, their precautions against epidemics, ix. 172 _sq._

—— wood-spirits, viii. 2

Russians, sect of the Christs among the, i. 407 _sq._; their dread of noon, iii. 88; religious suicides among the, iv. 44 _sq._; the heathen, their sacrifice of the first-born children, iv. 183; their custom on Palm Sunday, ix. 268; their story of Koshchei the deathless, xi. 108 _sqq._

Rust of knife in homoeopathic magic, i. 158

Rustem and Isfendiyar, x. 104 _sq._

Rustic Calendars, the Roman, vi. 95 _n._ 1

Rustling of leaves regarded as the voice of spirits, ii. 30

Ruthenia, Midsummer bonfires in, x. 176

Ruthenian burglars, their charms to cause sleep, i. 148

Ruthenians, their treatment of the after-birth of cows, i. 198; St. George’s Day among the, ii. 335

_Rutuburi_, a dance of the Tarahumare Indians, ix. 237

Rye, girdles of, a preventive of weariness in reaping, x. 190

Rye-beggar, name given to last sheaf in Zealand, vii. 231

—— -boar, name given to last sheaf among the Esthonians of Oesel, vii. 298, 300

—— -bride, name given to last sheaf in the Tyrol, vii. 163

—— -dog, said to be killed at end of reaping, vii. 272

—— -goat, said to be in the corn, vii. 282; name given to reaper of last corn, vii. 283

—— -harvest, women’s race at, vii. 76 _sq._

—— -mother, said to be in the rye, vii. 132; name given to wreath made out of the last rye, vii. 135

Rye-pug, name given to thresher of last rye, vii. 273

—— -sow, name given to reaper or binder of last rye, vii. 270; name given to last rye cut, vii. 298; name given to thresher of last rye, vii. 298

—— -wolf, name given to reaper or binder of last rye, vii. 270, 273, 274; caught in the last sheaf, vii. 271, 273; moves in the standing rye, vii. 271; children warned against the, vii. 272

—— -woman, the Old, said to sit in the corn, vii. 133; reaper of last rye said to kill the, vii. 223; the Old, said to live in the last stalks of rye and to be killed when they are cut, vii. 223

Saa, one of the Solomon Islands, offerings of first-fruits to the dead in,