iv. 67;

belief as to a man’s star in the, iv. 68; belief in the reincarnation of infants in the, v. 94; children at birth placed in winnowing-fans in the, vii. 7; the Mother-cotton in the, vii. 178; customs as to the first-fruits of sugar and cotton in the, viii. 119; worship of snakes in the, viii. 316 _sq._; the Snake tribe in the, viii. 316, 317; human scapegoats in the, ix. 196; supernatural power ascribed to the first-born in the, x. 295; passing unlucky children through narrow openings in the, xi. 190

_Puplem_, general council, among the Indians of San Juan Capistrano, vii. 125

Puppet made of branches representing the tree-spirit, ducked in water, ii. 75, 76; substituted for human victim, v. 219 _sq._; made out of last sheaf, vii. 137, 138, 231; at threshing, vii. 148, 149; at harvest, vii. 150; representing the corn-spirit, vii. 224

Puppet-shows as a rain-charm, i. 301 _n._

Puppets or dolls employed for the restoration of souls to their bodies, iii. 53 _sqq._, 62 _sqq._; of rushes thrown into the Tiber, viii. 107; used to attract demons of sickness from living patients, ix. 187. _See also_ Dolls, Effigies, Images

Puppies, red-haired, sacrificed by the Romans to the Dog-star, vii. 261, viii. 34

Puppy, blind, stomachic complaint transferred to a, ix. 50

_Pur_ in the sense of “lot,” ix. 361

Purest person cuts the last corn, vii. 158

Purgation, ceremonial, before partaking of new fruits, viii. 72 _n._ 2, 73, 75 _sq._, 76, 83, 90. _See also_ Purification

Purgatory, popular beliefs as to souls in, iv. 66, 67

Purge as mode of ceremonial purification, iii. 175

Purification by passing between the pieces of a sacrificial victim, i. 289 _n._ 4; by pig’s blood, ii. 107, 108, 109, v. 299 _n._ 2, ix. 262; of hunting dogs and hunters, ii. 125; by fire, ii. 327, 329, v. 115 _n._ 1, 179 _sqq._, x. 296, xi. 16 _sqq._; of city, iii. 188; of hunters and fishers, iii. 190 _sq._; of moral guilt by physical agencies, iii. 217 _sq._; by cutting the hair, iii. 283 _sqq._; by swinging, iv. 282 _sq._; things used in, how disposed of, vii. 9; after contact with a pig, viii. 24; by washing, ceremonies of, viii. 27 _sq._; before partaking of new fruits, viii. 59, 60, 63, 69 _sq._, 71, 73, 75 _sq._, 82, 83, 135; by emetics, viii. 73, 75 _sq._, 83 _sq._; for slaughter of a serpent, viii. 219 _sq._; by leaping through fire, viii. 249; before eating the first salmon, viii. 253; by bathing or washing, ix. 3 _sq._; by means of stone-throwing, ix. 23 _sqq._; religious, intended to keep off demons, ix. 104 _sq._; of mourners intended to protect them from the spirits of the dead, ix. 105 _n._ 1; by standing on sacrificed human victim, ix. 218; by beating, ix. 262, x. 61, 64 _sqq._; by stinging with ants, x. 61 _sqq._; after a death, xi. 178; by passing under a yoke, xi. 193 _sqq._ _See also_ Purificatory _and_ Expiation

——, ancient Greek, ritual of, iii. 312; by laurel and pig’s blood, ix. 262

—— of Apollo at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240 _sq._

——, Chinese ceremonies of, in spring and autumn, ix. 213 _n._ 1

——, Feast of the (Candlemas), ix. 332

—— festival among the Cherokee Indians, ix. 128

——, the Great, a Japanese ceremony, ix. 213 _n._ 1

—— of manslayers, i. 26, iii. 165 _sqq._, viii. 148 _sq._, ix. 262; intended to rid them of the ghosts of the slain, iii. 186 _sq._

—— of the matricide, Orestes, i. 26, ix. 262

—— of Pimas after slaying Apaches, iii. 182 _sqq._

Purificatory ceremonies at reception of strangers, iii. 102 _sqq._; on return from a journey, iii. 111 _sqq._; after a battle, vi. 251 _sq._

—— rites, for sexual crimes, ii. 107 _sqq._, 115, 116; designed to raise a barrier against evil spirits, ii. 128

—— theory of the fires of the fire-festivals, x. 329 _sq._, 341, xi. 16 _sqq._; more probable than the solar theory, x. 346

Purim, in relation to Zakmuk, ix. 359 _sqq._; the Jewish festival of, ix. 360 _sqq._; in relation to the Sacaea, ix. 362 _sqq._; custom of burning effigies of Haman at, ix. 392 _sqq._; compared to the Carnival, ix. 394; its relation to Persia, ix. 401 _sqq._

Purity, ceremonial, observed by incense-gatherers in ancient Arabia, ii. 106 _sq._; observed in war, iii. 157. _See also_ Chastity _and_ Continence

Purple loosestrife (_Lythrum salicaria_) gathered at Midsummer, xi. 65

_Purra_ or _poro_, secret society in Sierra Leone, xi. 260 _sq._

Puruha, a province of Quito, sacrifice of first-born children among the Indians of, iv. 185

Pururavas and Urvasi, ancient Indian story of, ii. 250, iv. 131

Purushu, great primordial giant, in the Rig Veda, ix. 410

Pûs, an Indian month, ix. 230

Putanges, canton of, in Normandy, pretence of tying up landowner in last sheaf at, vii. 226

Puttenham, George, on the Midsummer giants, xi. 36 _sq._

Puwe-wai, god of the rice-fields, in Poso, ii. 104

Puy-de-Dôme, saying as to binder and reaper in, vii. 292

Puyallup Indians, taboo on the names of the dead among the, iii. 365

Pyanepsia, an Attic festival, vii. 52

Pyanepsion, Attic month (October), vi. 41, vii. 52; the season of the autumn sowing, vii. 45 _sq._, 116

Pygmalion, king of Citium and Idalium in Cyprus, v. 50

——, king of Cyprus, father-in-law of Cinyras, v. 41, 49; his love for an image of Aphrodite, v. 49 _sq._

——, king of Tyre, v. 50

Pygmies of Central Africa said not to know how to kindle fire, ii. 255; their continence before hunting, iii. 197; burn their cut hair, iii. 282

Pylos, burning the Carnival at, iv. 232 _sq._

Pymaton of Citium, v. 50 _n._ 2

Pyramid of King Pepi the First, ii. 4 _n._ 1

Pyramid Texts, vi. 4 _sqq._, 9 _n._; intended to ensure the life of dead Egyptian kings, vi. 4 _sq._; Osiris and the sycamore in the, vi. 110; the mention of Khenti-Amenti in the, vi. 198 _n._ 2

Pyramids at Sakkara, inscriptions on the, vi. 4; Egyptian texts of the, ix. 340, 341 _n._ 1

Pyramus, river in Cilicia, v. 165, 167, 173

Pyre at festivals of Hercules, v. 116; at Tarsus, v. 126; of dead kings at Jerusalem, v. 177 _sq._; traditionary death of Asiatic kings and heroes on a, ix. 387, 388, 389 _sqq._

—— or Torch, name of great festival at the Syrian Hierapolis, v. 146, ix. 392

Pyrenees, prehistoric cave-paintings in the, i. 87 _n._ 1; tree burned on Midsummer Eve in the, ii. 141; Midsummer fires in the French, x. 193

Pyrites, iron, fire made by means of, ii. 258

Pythagoras, his maxim about footprints, i. 211; his maxim as to bodily impressions on bed-clothes, i. 213; superstitious nature of the maxims attributed to, i. 213 _sq._, iii. 314 _n._ 2; his epitaph on the tomb of Apollo at Delphi, iv. 4; his reincarnations, viii. 263, 300; his doctrine of transmigration, viii. 300, 301; his saying as to swallows, ix. 35 _n._ 3

Pythaists at Athens, their observation of lightning and their sacrifices at Delphi, i. 33

Pythian games at Delphi, iv. 80 _sq._; originally identical with the Festival of Crowning, iv. 80, vi. 242 _n._ 1; crown of oak leaves at first the prize in the, iv. 80; celebrated in honour of the dragon or Python, iv. 80, 93; originally celebrated every eight years, iv. 80, vii. 80, 84; their period, vi. 242 _n._ 1

Python at Delphi, the Pythian games celebrated in his honour, iv. 93

——, sacred, associated with the fertility of the earth, ii. 150; punishment for killing a, iii. 222; worshipped by the Baganda, v. 86. _See also_ Pythons

Python clan, a python expected to visit every newborn child of the, viii. 174

—— -god, human wives of the, v. 66

Pythons, dead kings turn into, iv. 84; worshipped in West Africa, v. 83 _n._ 1; dead chiefs reincarnated in, vi. 193

Qua, near Old Calabar, sacred palm-tree at, ii. 51

Quack, the, a Whitsuntide Mummer, ii. 81

Quadrennial period of Greek games, vii. 77 _sqq._

Quail, omens as to price of corn from cry of, vii. 295; corn-spirit as, vii. 295, 296

“Quail-hunt,” legend on coins of Tarsus, v. 126 _n._ 2

Quails sacrificed to Hercules (Melcarth), v. 111 _sq._; migration of, v. 112

Quarrelling at home forbidden in absence of husband, i. 120, 130

Quarter-ill, a disease of cattle, need-fire used as a remedy for, x. 296

Quartz used at circumcision instead of iron, iii. 227

Quartz crystals, magic of, i. 176. _sq._; used in rain-making, i. 254, 255, 304

—— stones, white, in rain-making, i. 346

Quatuordecimans of Phrygia celebrate the Crucifixion on March 25th, v. 307 _n._

Quatzow, village of Mecklenburg, taboo on names of animals at, iii. 397

Quauhtitlan, city in Mexico, women sacrificed to the fire-god in, ix. 301

Quedlinburg, in the Harz Mountains, need-fire at, x. 276

Queen, name given to the last sheaf, vii. 146; name given to the last corn cut at harvest, vii. 153

——, the Harvest, in England, vii. 146 _sq._, 152

—— of Athens married to Dionysus, ii. 136 _sq._, vii. 30 _sq._

—— of the Bean on Twelfth Night, ix. 313, 315

—— of the Corn-ears, drawn in procession at the end of harvest, vii. 146

—— of Egypt the wife of Ammon, ii. 131 _sqq._, v. 72

—— of Heaven, great Oriental goddess, v. 303 _n._ 5; incense burnt in honour of the, v. 228; the wife of the Sky-god, xi. 303

—— of May, representative of the spirit of vegetation, ii. 79, 84; in France, ii. 87; in England, ii. 87 _sq._; in the Isle of Man, iv. 259; married to the King of May, iv. 266

—— of the Roses at Grammont, x. 195

—— of Summer on St. Peter’s Day in Brabant, x. 195

—— of Winter in the Isle of Man, iv. 258

Queen Charlotte Islands, the Haida Indians of, i. 70, 133, 168, iii. 72 _n._ 1, vii. 20, x. 44; their propitiation of slain animals, viii. 226. _See_ Haida Indians

—— Charlotte Sound, mourning customs among the Indians of, iii. 143 _sq._

Queen sister in Uganda, licence accorded to the, ii. 275 _sq._

Queen’s County, Midsummer fires in, x. 203; divination at Hallowe’en in, x. 242

Queens, licence accorded to, in Central Africa, ii. 277

Queensland, beliefs as to the afterbirth in, i. 183 _sq._; rain-making in, i. 254 _sq._; the Turrbal tribe of, iii. 156 _n._ 1, iv. 60; namesakes of the dead change their names in some tribes of, iii. 355 _sq._; the Gudangs of, iii. 359; Maryborough in, iii. 424; the Yerrunthally tribe of, iv. 64; exposure of first-born children among some tribes of, iv. 180; cannibalism in, viii. 151; sorcery in, x. 14; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 37 _sqq._; dread of women at menstruation in, x. 78; use of bull-roarers in, xi. 233

——, aborigines of, custom of knocking out teeth among the, i. 99; their belief as to scratching and rain, iii. 159 _n._; their superstition as to personal names, iii. 320; their beliefs as to the birth of children, v. 102 _sq._; their belief as to the bones of dugong, viii. 258 _n._ 2

——, Central, expulsion of a demon among the tribes of, ix. 172

——, natives of, their superstitions as to falling stars, iv. 60; their mode of ascertaining the fate of an absent friend, xi. 159 _sq._

Quellendorff in Anhalt, custom at sowing at, i. 139

_Quercus aegilops_, its acorns eaten in Greece, ii. 356

—— _ballota_, its acorns eaten in Greece, ii. 356

—— _ilex_, the evergreen oak, its acorns eaten in Spain, ii. 356

—— _robur_, the British oak, its diffusion in Europe, ii. 355

_Querquetulani_, Men of the Oak, a tribe of the Latin League, ii. 188

Quetzalcoatl, a Mexican god, ix. 281, 300; personated by a priest, viii. 90;

man sacrificed in the character of, ix. 281 _sq._

Quiches of Central America, their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 134

Quicken-tree, an English name for the rowan or mountain-ash, ix. 267 _n._ 1

“Quickening” heifers with a branch of rowan, ix. 266 _sq._

Quilacare, in South India, suicide of the kings of, iv. 46 _sq._

_Quimba_, a secret society on the Lower Congo, xi 256 _n._

Quimper, Midsummer fires at, x. 184

Quinoa-mother, among the Indians of Peru, vii. 172

Quirinal hill, temple of Quirinus on the, ii. 182, 185; villa of Atticus on the, ii. 182 _n._ 1

Quirinus, Romulus worshipped after death under the name of, ii. 182, 193 _n._ 1; sanctuary of, on the Quirinal at Rome, ii. 185; Patrician and Plebeian myrtle-trees in the sanctuary of, xi. 168

—— and Hora, vi. 233

Quiteve, title of the king of Sofala, revered as a god by his people, i. 392, iv. 37 _sq._

Quito, the kings of, vii. 236

Quivering of the body in a rain-charm, i. 260, 261

Quixos Indians, their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 285; cause themselves to be whipped with nettles before a hunting expedition,