ii. 97, 104;

of human sexes supposed to quicken the earth, v. 48; at Holi festival in India, xi. 2

Progress, the magician’s, i. 214 _sqq._; intellectual, dependent on economic progress, i. 218; industrial and political, i. 421

Prohibited degrees of kinship, the system of, perhaps based historically on superstition, ii. 117

Promathion’s _History of Italy_, ii. 196, 197

Prometheus, his theft of fire, ii. 260

Propertius, on the Vestals, i. 18 _n._ 5; on the throwing of stones at a grave, ix. 19 _sq._

Property, rules as to the inheritance of, under mother-kin, vi. 203 _n._ 1; landed, combined with mother-kin tends to increase the social importance of women, vi. 209

Prophecy, Hebrew, distinctive character of, v. 75; spirit of, acquired by eating certain food, viii. 143; the Norse Sibyl’s, x. 102 _sq._

Prophet regarded as madman, v. 77. _See also_ Prophets

Prophetess of Apollo at Patara, ii. 135

Prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, vi. 192 _sq._; inspired by gods, vi. 207

Prophetic inspiration through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, iv. 200 _sq._, vi. 171, 172, 192 _sq._; under the influence of music, v. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74

—— marks on body, v. 74

—— powers conferred by certain springs, ii. 172

—— water drunk on St. John’s Eve, v. 247

Prophets in relation to _kedeshim_, v. 76; or mediums inspired by the ghosts of dead kings, iv. 200 _sq._, vi. 171, 172

—— Hebrew, their ethical religion, i. 223; on the burnt sacrifice of children, iv. 169 _n._ 3; their resemblance to those of Africa, v. 74 _sq._

—— of Israel, their religious and moral reform, v. 24 _sq._

Propitiation essential to religion, i. 222; of the souls of the slain, iii. 166; of spirits of slain animals, iii. 190, 204 _sq._; of ancestors, iii. 197, v. 46; of the spirits of plants before partaking of the fruits, viii. 82 _sq._; of wild animals by hunters, viii. 204 _sqq._; of vermin by farmers, viii. 274 _sqq._; of ancestral spirits, ix. 86; of demons, ix. 93, 94, 96, 100

Proserpine River in Queensland, the aborigines of the, their dread of women’s cut hair, iii. 282; the Kia Blacks of the, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 39

_Prosopis spicigera_, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 248, 249, 250 _n._

Prostitution before marriage, practice of, ii. 282, 285, 287

——, sacred, before marriage, in Western Asia, v. 36 _sqq._; suggested origin of, v. 39 _sqq._; practised for the sake of the crops, v. 39 _n._ 3; in Western Asia, alternative theory of, v. 57 _sqq._; in India, v. 61 _sqq._; in Africa, v. 65 _sqq._

—— of unmarried girls in the Pelew Islands, vi. 264 _sq._; in Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, vi. 265 _sq._

Prothero, G. W., as to a May-pole, ii. 71 _n._ 1; on the passage of sick women through a church window, xi. 190 _n._ 3

Provence, priests thought to possess the power of averting storms in, i. 232; rain-making by means of images of saints in, i. 307; May-trees in, ii. 69; Mayos on May Day in, ii. 80; mock execution of Caramantran on Ash Wednesday in, iv. 227; bathing at Midsummer in, v. 248; Midsummer fires in, x. 193 _sq._; the Yule log in, x. 249 _sqq._

Prpats, boy employed in rain-making ceremony in Dalmatia, i. 274

Prporushe, young men employed in a rain-making ceremony in Dalmatia, i. 274

_Prunus padus_, L., branches of, used to avert evil influences, ii. 344

Prussia, contagious magic of clothes in, i. 206 _sq._; customs at driving the herds out to pasture for the first time in, ii. 340 _sq._; wolves not to be called by their proper name during December in, iii. 396; harvest customs in, v. 238, vii. 136, 137, 139, 150 _sq._, 209, 219, 280, 281 _sq._, 289, 292; divination at Midsummer in, v. 252 _sq._; women’s race at close of rye-harvest in, vii. 76 _sq._; the Corn-goat in, vii. 281 _sq._; the Bull at reaping in, vii. 292; “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268; custom before first ploughing in spring in, x. 18; Midsummer fires in, x. 176 _sq._; mullein gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 63 _sq._; witches’ Sabbath in, xi. 74. _See also_ Prussians

——, Eastern, the Kurs of, their custom at sowing, i. 137; dances of girls on Shrove Tuesday in, i. 138 _sq._; “to chase out the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280; herbs gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 48 _sq._; divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 53, 61; belief as to mistletoe growing on a thorn in, xi. 291 _n._ 3

Prussia, West, pretence of birth of child on harvest-field in, vii. 150 _sq._, 209; sticks or stones piled on graves of suicides in, ix. 17

Prussian rulers, formerly burnt, ix. 391

Prussians, the heathen, sacrificed to Pergrubius on St. George’s Day, ii. 347

——, the old, their worship of trees, ii. 43; their funeral feasts, iii. 238; supreme ruler of, iv. 41 _sq._; their prayers and offerings for the flax crop, iv. 156; their custom at sowing, vii. 288; their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 133; their worship of serpents, xi. 43 _n._ 3

Pruyssenaere, E. de, on the privations of the Dinka in the dry season, iv. 30 _n._ 1; on the reverence of the Dinka for their cattle, viii. 38 _sq._

Prytaneum at Athens, ii. 137, vii. 32; perpetual fire in the, ii. 260

Psalmist (cvi. 35-38) on Hebrew idolatry, iv. 168 _sq._

Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, dedicates his daughter to Ammon, ii. 134

Pshaws of the Caucasus, their rain-charm, i. 282; taboos observed by an annual official among the, iii. 292 _sq._

Pskov, Government of, holy oak on the borders of, ii. 371 _sq._

Psoloeis, the, at Orchomenus, iv. 163, 164

Psylli, a Snake clan, make war on the south wind, i. 331; expose their infants to snakes, viii. 174 _sq._

Ptarmigans and ducks, dramatic contest of the, among the Esquimaux, iv. 259

Pterelaus and his golden hair, xi. 103

Pteria, captured by Croesus, v. 128

Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, offered by Cato the priesthood of Aphrodite at Paphos, v. 43

Ptolemy and Berenice, annual festival in honour of, vi. 35 _n._ 2

Ptolemy I. and Serapis, vi. 119 _n._

—— II., king of Egypt, iv. 15

—— III. Euergetes, his attempt to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 27

—— V. on the Rosetta Stone, vi. 152 _n._

Ptolemy Soter, v. 264 _n._ 4

Puberty, girls’ hair torn out at, iii. 282; ceremonial pollution of girl at, viii. 268; girls secluded at, x. 22 _sqq._; fast and dream at, xi. 222 _n._ 5; pretence of killing the novice and bringing him to life again during initiatory rites at, xi. 225 _sqq._

Public expulsion of evils, ix. 109 _sqq._

—— magic, i. 215

Public scapegoats, ix. 170 _sqq._

Pueblo Indians of Arizona and New Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 54; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 312; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 _n._, 231

_Puhru_, “assembly,” ix. 361

_Puithiam_, sorcerer, among the Lushais, ix. 94

_Pul_, an astrologer, vii. 125 _sq._

Pulayars of Travancore, their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 69

Pulling each other’s hair, a Lithuanian sacrificial custom, viii. 50 _sq._

_Pulque_, Mexican wine made from aloes, iii. 249, 250 _n._ 1; continence at brewing, iii. 201 _sq._

Pulse cultivated in Bengal, vii. 123

Pulverbatch, in Shropshire, the Yule log at, x. 257; belief in the bloom of the oak on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 292

Pumi-yathon, king of Citium and Idalium, v. 50

Pumpkin, external soul in a, xi. 105

Puna Indians add stones to cairns in the Andes, ix. 9

Punchkin and the parrot, story of, xi. 97 _sq._, 215, 220

Punjaub, rain-making in the, i. 278; General Nicholson worshipped in his lifetime in the, i. 404; human sacrifices to cedar-tree in the, ii. 17; no grass or green thing to be cut in the, till after the festival of the ripening grain, ii. 49 _n._ 3; wells resorted to by barren women for the sake of offspring in the, ii. 160; belief as to tattooing in the, iii. 30; belief as to the shadow of a pregnant woman in the, iii. 83; belief among the Hindoos of the, as to length of residence in heaven,