viii. 17, 19, 34;

ancestral spirits in, viii. 123; souls of dead in, viii. 286, 295, 296; sacrificed at festival of wild mango tree in New Guinea, x. 9; driven through Midsummer fire, x. 179; driven through the need-fire, x. 272, 273, 274 _sq._, 275 _sq._, 276 _sq._, 277, 278, 279, 297; offered to monster who swallows novices in initiation, xi. 240, 246. _See also_ Boar, Boars, Pig, _and_ Swine

Piker or Pikere, Esthonian thunder-god, ii. 367 _n._ 4

_Pilae_, human effigies, hung up at the Compitalia, viii. 95 _n._ 1

Pilate, Pontius, crucifixion of Christ under, ix. 412 _n._ 1

—— and Christ, ix. 416 _sq._

Pilcomayo River, the Chiriguanos on the, iv. 12

Pile-villages in the valley of the Po, ii. 8; of Europe, ii. 352 _sq._

Piles of sticks or stones. _See_ Heaps

Pilgrimages on Yule Night in Sweden, x. 20 _sq._

Pilgrims to Mecca not allowed to wear knots and rings, iii. 293 _sq._

Pillar, fever transferred to a, ix. 53; external soul of ogre in a, xi. 100 _sq._

Pillars as a religious emblem, v. 34, 108, 108 _n._ 1; sacred, in Crete, v. 107 _n._ 2

Pilsen, in Bohemia, Whitsuntide King at, ii. 86; beheading the Whitsuntide King at, iv. 210 _sq._

Pima Indians, the purification of manslayers among the, iii. 182 _sqq._, x. 21

Pindar on the rebirth of the dead, iv. 70, vii. 84; on the music of the lyre, v. 55; on Typhon, v. 156; old scholiast on, as to the Eleusinian games, vii. 71, 74, 77, 78

Pine-cones, symbols of fertility, v. 278; thrown into vaults of Demeter, v. 278; on the monuments of Osiris, vi. 110

—— -resin burnt as a protection against witches, ix. 164

—— seeds or nutlets used as food, v. 278

—— -tree in the myth and ritual of Attis, v. 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 _sq._, 285, vi. 98 _n._ 5; Marsyas hung on a, v. 288; in relation to human sacrifices, vi. 98 _n._ 5; Pentheus on the, vi. 98 _n._ 5; in the rites of Osiris, vi. 108; sacred to Dionysus, vii. 4

—— -trees in the peat-bogs of Europe, ii. 350, 351, 352

Pines, Scotch, struck by lightning, proportion of, xi. 298

Pinewood, fire of, at Soracte, xi. 14, 91 _n._ 1

Pinoeh, district of South-Eastern Borneo, treatment of infant’s soul among the Dyaks of, xi. 154 _sq._

Pins stuck into saint’s image, ix. 70 _sq._

Pinsk, district of Russia, custom observed on Whit-Monday in, ii. 80

_Pinxterbloem_, a kind of iris, at Whitsuntide, ii. 80

Pinzgau district of Salzburg, the _Perchten_ maskers in, ix. 244

_Pipal_ tree (_Ficus religiosa_), sacrifices to the spirits of the, ii. 42; sacred in India, ii. 43

Pipe, sacred, of the Blackfoot Indians, iii. 159 _n._

Pipiles of Central America practise sexual intercourse at the time of sowing, ii. 98; expose their seeds to moonlight, vi. 135

Pippin, king of the Franks, need-fires in the reign of, x. 270

Pips of water-melon in homoeopathic magic, i. 143

Piraeus, processions in honour of Adonis at, v. 227 _n._

Pirates, the Cilician, v. 149 _sq._

Piros Indians of Peru, their belief in the transmigration of a human soul into a jaguar, viii. 386

_Pirua_, granary of maize, among the Indians of Peru, vii. 171 _sqq._

Pisa, in Greece, Pelops at, ii. 279

Pit, sacrifices to the dead offered in a, iv. 96. _See also_ Pits

Pitch smeared on doors to keep out ghosts, ix. 153; smeared on houses to keep off demons, ix. 153 _n._ 1. _See also_ Tar

Pitchforks ridden by witches, ix. 160, 162

—— and harrows a protection against witchcraft, ii. 54

Pithoria, in India, use of scapegoats at, ix. 191

Pitlochrie, in Perthshire, Hallowe’en fires near, x. 230

_Pitr Pāk_, the Fortnight of the Manes, in Bilaspore, vi. 60

Pitrè, Giuseppe, on the personification of the Carnival, iv. 224 _n._ 1; on Good Friday ceremonies in Sicily, v. 255 _sq._; on St. John’s Day in Sicily, xi. 29

Pits to catch wild pigs, i. 109

Pitsligo, parish of, in Aberdeenshire, the cutting of the clyack sheaf in, vii. 158 _sqq._

Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford, i. 69

Pitteri Pennu, the Khond god of increase, ix. 138

Pity of rain-gods, appeal to, i. 302 _sq._

Placci, Carlo, on the new Easter fire at Florence, x. 127 _n._ 1

Place de Noailles at Marseilles, Midsummer flowers in the, xi. 46

Placenta (afterbirth) and navel-string, contagious magic of, i. 182-201; Egyptian standard resembling a, vi. 156 _n._ 1 _See also_ Afterbirth

Placianian Mother, a form of Cybele, worshipped at Cyzicus, v. 274 _n._

Plague transferred to plantain-tree, ix. 4 _sq._; the Baganda god of, battened down in a hole, ix. 4; transferred to camel, ix. 33; blocked up in holes of buildings, ix. 64; at Rome, attempted remedies for, ix. 65; demon of, expelled, ix. 173; sent away in scapegoat, ix. 193. _See also_ Disease _and_ Epidemics

Plaiting the last standing corn before cutting it, vii. 142, 144, 153, 154, 157, 158

Plane and birch, fire made by the friction of, x. 220

Plane-tree, Dionysus in, vii. 3

Planer district of Bohemia, custom at threshing in the, vii. 149

Planets, human victims sacrificed to, among the heathen of Harran, vii. 261 _sq._

Plantagenets, royal forests under the, ii. 7

Plantain-tree, the afterbirth and navel-string buried under a, i. 195, 196; plague transferred to, ix. 4 _sq._; creeping through a cleft, as a cure, xi. 181

—— -trees, navel-strings of Baganda buried at foot of, i. 195; fertilized by parents of twins, ii. 102. _See also_ Banana, Bananas

Planting, homoeopathic magic at, i. 136, 137, 143

Plants, homoeopathic magic to make plants grow, i. 136 _sqq._; influenced homoeopathically by a person’s act or state, i. 139 _sqq._; influence persons homoeopathically, i. 144 _sqq._; spirits of, in shape of animals, ii. 14; sexes of, ii. 24; marriage of, ii. 26 _sqq._; thought to be animated by spirits, viii. 82 _sq._; spirits of, in the form of snakes, xi. 44 _n._; external soul in, xi. 159 _sqq._; and trees as life-indices, xi. 160 _sqq._

Plaques or palettes of schist in Egyptian tombs, xi. 155 _n._ 3

Plastene, Mother, on Mount Sipylus, v. 185

Plataea, ceremonial extinction of fires at, i. 33; festival of the Daedala at, ii. 140 _sq._; Archon of, forbidden to touch iron, iii. 227; bull annually sacrificed to men who fell at the battle of, iii. 227; escape of besieged from, iii. 311; sacrifices and funeral games in honour of the slain at, iv. 95 _sq._; Eleutherian games at, vii. 80, 85

Plates or basins, divination by three, at Hallowe’en, x. 237 _sq._, 240, 244

Plato on the magistrate called the King at Athens, i. 45; on the pre-existence of the human soul, i. 104; on human sacrifices, iv. 163; on gardens of Adonis, v. 236 _n._ 1; on the doctrine of transmigration, viii. 308; on purification for murder, ix. 24 _sq._; on poets, ix. 35 _n._ 3; on sorcery, ix. 47; on the distribution of the soul in the body, xi. 221 _n._ 1

Plautus on Mars and his wife Nerio, vi. 232

Playfair, Major A., on the ceremony of the horse at rice-harvest among the Garos, viii. 337 _sq._; on the use of scapegoats among the Garos of Assam, ix. 208 _sq._

Plebeian myrtle-tree at Rome, xi. 168

Plebeians, the Roman kings, ii. 289

Pleiades, the, morning rising of, time of the corn-reaping in Greece, i. 32, vii. 48 _sq._; worshipped by the Abipones, v. 258 _n._ 2; the setting of, the time of sowing, vi. 41; autumnal setting of, the signal for ploughing in Greece, vii. 45; in primitive calendars, vii. 116, 122 _n._ 1, 307 _sqq._; associated with the rainy season, vii. 307, 309, 317, 318; supposed to cause the rain to fall, vii. 307, 317; worshipped, vii. 307, 308 _sq._, 310, 311, 312, 317; legends of their origin, vii. 308 _n._, 311, 312; the beginning of the year marked by the appearance of, vii. 309, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, xi. 244, 245 _n._; the time for sowing and planting determined by observation of, vii. 309, 311, 313 _sqq._; supposed to cause the maize to grow, vii. 310; women swear by, vii. 311; festival of the Guaycurus at the appearance of, ix. 262; observed by savages, ix. 326

Pliny the Elder, on electric lights, i. 49 _sq._; on a cure for jaundice, i. 80; on a tree-stone, i. 165 _n._ 1; on death at ebb-tide, i. 167; on contagious magic of wounds, i. 201; on the sexes of trees, ii. 25 _n._; on the sacredness of woods, ii. 123; on the forests of Germany, ii. 353 _sq._; on the use of acorns as food, ii. 355; on the derivation of the name Druid, ii. 363 _n._ 2; on lucky and unlucky trees, iii. 275 _n._ 3; on the magical effect of clasping hands and crossing legs, iii. 298; on knotted threads, iii. 303; on the date of harvest in Egypt, vi. 32 _n._ 2; on the influence of the moon, vi. 132; on the grafting of trees, vi. 133 _n._ 3; on the time for felling timber, vi. 136 _n._; on the time for sowing cereals in Greece and Asia, vii. 45 _n._ 2; on the setting of the Pleiades, vii. 318; on cure of warts, ix. 48 _n._ 2; on cure for a stomachic complaint, ix. 50; on cure for gripes, ix. 50; on cure for epilepsy, ix. 68; on “serpents’ eggs,” x. 15; onmedicinal plants, x. 17; on the touch of menstruous women, x. 196; on the fire-walk of the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 14; on the mythical springwort, xi. 71; on the Druidical worship of mistletoe, xi. 76 _sq._; on the virtues of mistletoe, xi. 78; on the birds which deposit seeds of mistletoe, xi. 316 _n._ 1; on the different kinds of mistletoe, xi. 317

Pliny the Younger, on boar-hunting, i. 6; as to the historical reality of Christ, ix. 412 _n._ 1; his letter to Trajan on the spread of Christianity in Asia Minor, ix. 420 _sq._; his government of Bithynia and Pontus, ix. 421

Ploska (in Wallachia?), rain-making at, i. 248

Plotinus, the death of, v. 87

Plough watered as a rain-charm, i. 282, 284; sacred golden, i. 365; in relation to Dionysus, vii. 5; in primitive agriculture, vii. 113; drawn round village to keep off epidemic, ix. 172 _sq._; piece of Yule log inserted in the, x. 251, 337

Plough-horses, part of the Yule Boar eaten by the, vii. 301

—— Monday, vii. 33; rites of, viii. 325 _sqq._, ix. 250 _sq._; English celebration of, viii. 329 _sqq._

—— -oxen, the first, vii. 5

Ploughing, by women as a rain-charm, i. 282 _sq._; Prussian custom at, v. 238; in Greece, season of, vii. 45, 50; the land thrice a year, Greek custom of, vii. 53 _n._ 1, 72 _sq._; with oxen, vii. 129 _n._ 1; annually inaugurated by the Chinese emperor, viii. 14 _sq._; in spring, custom at the first, x. 18

——, ceremonies at, among the Chams of Indo-China, viii. 57; at Calicut in India, ix. 235

——, ceremony of, performed by temporary King, iv. 149, 155 _sq._, 157; in the rites of Osiris, vi. 87; at Carnival, vii. 28, 29, viii. 331, 332, 334; sacred at Athens, vii. 31

—— and sowing, rite of, at the Carnival, vii. 28

Ploughings, Sacred, in Attica, vii. 108

Ploughman worships the ploughshare, ix. 90

Ploughmen and sowers drenched with water as a rain-charm, v. 238 _sq._; and plough-horses, part of the Yule Boar given to, to eat, vii. 301, 303

Ploughs, bronze, used by Etruscans at founding of cities, iv. 157

Ploughshare worshipped by ploughman, ix. 90; crawling under a, as a cure, xi. 180

Plover in connexion with rain, i. 259, 261

Plugging or bunging up maladies in trees, ix. 58

Plum-tree wood used for Yule log, x. 250

Plurality of souls, doctrine of the, xi. 221 _sq._

Plutarch on Numa and Egeria, i. 18; on hair offerings of boys at puberty, i. 28; on the stone-curlew as a cure for jaundice, i. 80; on Egeria, ii. 172; on the birth of Romulus, ii. 196; on the Roman Vestals, ii. 244 _n._ 1; on the violent deaths of the Roman kings, ii. 320; on the death of Tullus Hostilius, ii. 320 _n._ 3; on the Parilia, ii. 325 _n._ 3, 329; on the exclusion of gold from sanctuaries, iii. 226 _n._ 8; on the abstinence from wine of the Egyptian kings, iii. 249; on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 6; human sacrifice at Orchomenus in the lifetime of, iv. 163; on human sacrifices among the Carthaginians, iv. 167; on the double-headed axe of Zeus Labrandeus, v. 182; on the myth of Osiris, vi. 3, 5 _sqq._; on Harpocrates, vi. 9 _n._; on Osiris at Byblus, vi. 22 _sq._; on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 _n._ 1; on the mournful character of the rites of sowing, vi. 40 _sqq._; his use of the Alexandrian year, vi. 49, 84; on an Egyptian ceremony at the winter solstice, vi. 50 _n._ 4; on the date of the death of Osiris, vi. 84; on the festival of Osiris in the month of Athyr, vi. 91 _sq._; on the dating of Egyptian festivals, vi. 94 _sq._; on the rites of Osiris, vi. 108; on the grave of Osiris, vi. 111; on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, vi. 127; on the Flamen Dialis, vi. 229 _sq._; on the Flaminica Dialis, vi. 230 _n._ 2; on immortality, vii. 15; on the myth of Osiris, vii. 32 _n._ 6; on mourning festival of Demeter, vii. 46; on sacrifice, viii. 31; on Apis, viii. 36; on the custom of throwing puppets into the Tiber, viii. 108; on “the expulsion of hunger” at Chaeronea, ix. 252; on the Cronia and the rural Dionysiac festival, ix. 352 _n._ 1; on oak-mistletoe, xi. 318 _n._ 1

Pluto, the breath of, v. 204, 205; places or sanctuaries of, v. 204 _sqq._; cave and temple of, at Acharaca, v. 205; carries off Persephone, vii. 36, viii. 19; at Eleusis, sacrifices to, vii. 56

Pluto and Persephone, viii. 9; rustic prototypes of, viii. 334

—— called Subterranean Zeus, vii. 66

_Plutonia_, places of Pluto, v. 204

Plutus, begotten by Iasion on Demeter in a thrice-ploughed field, vii. 208

Po, pile-villages in the valley of the, ii. 8, 353; herds of swine in antiquity in the valley of the, ii. 354

Po Then, a great spirit, among the Thay of Indo-China, ix. 97

Po-nagar, the Cham goddess of agriculture, viii. 56, 57, 58

Pocahontas, an assumed name, iii. 318

Poelopetak, the Dyaks of, their names for soul-stuffs, vii. 182

Pogdanzig, in Prussia, witches’ Sabbath at, xi. 74

Point Barrow, Alaska, the Esquimaux of, i. 328, viii. 258 _n._ 2, ix. 124

Pointing sticks or bones in magic among the Australian aborigines, iv. 60, x. 14

Poison, sympathetic magic of, in hunting and fishing, i. 116 _sq._, 125 _sq._; continence observed at brewing, iii. 200

Poison ordeal in Sierra Leone, iii. 15; fatal effects of the use of the, iv. 197; ordeal administered by young children, vii. 115

—— tooth of a serpent a charm against snake-bite, i. 153

Poisoning the fish of a river, common words tabooed in, iii. 415

Poitou, the Fox in the last standing corn in, vii. 297; Midsummer fires in, x. 182, 190 _sq._, 340 _sq._; fires on All Saints’ Day in, x. 246; the Yule log in, x. 251 _n._ 1; mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 59

Poix, Lenten fires at, x. 113

Pok Klai, a Chin goddess, viii. 121

Poland, objection to iron ploughshares in, iii. 232; “Carrying out Death” in, iv. 240; the last sheaf called the Baba (Old Woman) in, vii. 144 _sq._; custom at threshing in, vii. 148; Christmas custom in, vii. 275; the harvest cock in, vii. 277; need-fire in, x. 281 _sq._ _See also_ Poles _and_ Polish

Polar bear, taboos concerning the, iii. 209

_Polaznik_, _polazenik_, _polazaynik_, Christmas visiter, among the Servians, x. 261, 263, 264

Pole, sacred, of the Arunta, x. 7

Pole-star, homoeopathic magic of the, i. 166

Polebrook in Northamptonshire, May carols at, ii. 61 _n._ 1

Polemarch, the, at Athens, iii. 22

Poles, passing between two poles after a death, xi. 178 _sq._; passing between two poles in order to escape sicknessor evil spirit, xi. 179 _sqq._

Poles, the Corn-mother among the, vii. 132 _sq._

Polish custom at cutting last corn, vii. 150

—— Jews, their belief as to falling stars, iv. 66

Political evolution from democracy to despotism, i. 421

Polkwitz, in Silesia, custom of “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 237

Pollution caused by murder, ix. 25

——, ceremonial, of girl at puberty, viii. 268

—— of death, vi. 227 _sqq._, viii. 85 _n._ 3

—— and holiness not differentiated by savages, iii. 224

——, menstrual, widespread fear of, x. 76 _sqq._

—— or sanctity, their equivalence in primitive religion, iii. 145, 158, 224. _See also_ Uncleanness

Polo, Marco, on custom of people of Camul, v. 39 _n._ 3

Polybius on the butchery of pigs in ancient Italy, ii. 354

Polyboea, sister of Hyacinth, v. 314, 316; identified with Artemis or Persephone, v. 315

Polydorus, in Virgil, ii. 33

Polygnotus, his picture of Orpheus under the willow, xi. 294

Polyidus, a seer, restored Glaucus to life, v. 186 _n._ 4

Polynesia, sacred kings and priests not allowed to touch food with their hands in, iii. 138; persons who have handled the dead not allowed to touch food with their hands in, iii. 140; sacredness of the head in, iii. 245; sanctity of the heads of chiefs and others in, iii. 254 _sqq._; names of chiefs tabooed in, iii. 381; belief as to falling stars in, iv. 67; remarkable rule of succession in, iv. 190; prevalence of infanticide in, iv. 191, 196; the beginning of the year marked by the rising of the Pleiades throughout, vii. 313; fear of demons among the natives of, ix. 80 _sq._

Polynesian chiefs sacred, iii. 136

—— mothers, their way of infusing a divine spirit into their unborn babes, iii. 69

—— myth of the separation of earth and sky, v. 283

Polynesians, oracular inspiration of priests among the, i. 377; their mode of kindling fire, ii. 258; their way of ridding themselves of sacred contagion, viii. 28

Polynices and Eteocles, their grave at Thebes, ii. 33

Polytheism evolved out of animism, ii. 45

Pomegranate, growing on the grave of fratricides, ii. 33; causes virgin to conceive, v. 263, 269

Pomegranates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280 _n._ 7; sprung from blood of Dionysus, vii. 14; seeds of, not eaten at the Thesmophoria, vii. 14; not to be brought into the sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46

Pomerania, cut hair burnt in, iii. 282 _sq._; treatment of passers-by at harvest in, vii. 229 _sq._; sticks or stones piled on graves of suicides in, ix. 17; hills called the Blocksberg in, x. 171 _n._ 3

Pometia sacked by the Romans, i. 22

Pommerol, Dr., on Granno and Grannus, x. 112

Pomona and Vertumnus, vi. 235 _n._ 6

Pomos of California, their expulsion of devils, ix. 170 _sq._

Pompeii, plan of labyrinth at, iv. 76

Pompey the Great beheads the last king Cinyras of Byblus, v. 27

Pompilia, mother of Ancus Martius, ii. 270 _n._ 4

Ponape, one of the Caroline Islands, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 184 _sq._; special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in, i. 401 _n._ 3; kings and viziers in, iii. 25; the king of, his long hair, iii. 259; changes of vocabulary caused by fear of naming the dead in, iii. 362

Pond, G. H., on ritual of death and resurrection among the Dacotas, xi. 269

Pondomisi, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, attribute drought to wrath of dead chief, vi. 177

Pondos, of South Africa, their festival of new fruits, viii. 66 _sq._

Pongal feast, in the Madras Presidency, vii. 244. _See_ Pongol

Pongau district of Salzburg, the _Perchten_ maskers in, ix. 244

Pongol, a family festival among the Hindoos of Southern India, viii. 56; Feast of Ingathering in Southern India, fires kindled at, xi. 1, 16

Ponnani River, near Calicut, iv. 49

_Pons Sublicius_ at Rome built without iron, iii. 230

Pont à Mousson, calf killed at harvest at, vii. 290

Pontarlier, Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 316

Pontaven in Finistère, effigy (of Carnival) thrown into the sea on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 230

Pontesbury, in Shropshire, the Yule log at, x. 257

Pontifex Maximus at Rome, his relation to the Vestals, ii. 228

Pontiff of Zela in Pontus, ix. 370, 372

Pontiffs, the Roman, their mismanagement of the Julian calendar, vi. 93 _n._ 1; celebrated the marriage of Orcus, vi. 231; regulate Roman calendar, vii. 83

—— and Vestals threw puppets into the Tiber at Rome, viii. 107

Pontifical law at Rome, iii. 391 _n._ 1

Pontus, the Mosyni or Mosynoeci of, iii. 124; sacred prostitution in, v. 39, 58; rapid spread of Christianity in, ix. 420 _sq._

Poona, rain-making at, i. 275; incarnation of elephant-headed god at, i. 405

Poor Man, name applied to the corn-spirit after harvest, vii. 231

—— Old Woman, corn left on field for, vii. 231 _sq._

—— Woman, name applied to the corn-spirit after harvest, vii. 231

Popayan, district of Colombia, the Indians of, will not kill deer, viii. 286

Pope or Patriarch of Fools, elected on St. Stephen’s Day, ix. 334

Popinjay, shooting at a, x. 194

_Popish Kingdome, The_, of Thomas Kirchmeyer, x. 125 _sq._, 162

Poplar in magic, i. 145; burned on St. Peter’s Day, ii. 141

——, black, mistletoe on, xi. 318 _n._ 6

——, the silver, used to ban fiends, ii. 336

——, the white, at Olympia, a substitute for the oak, ii. 220; used in sacrificing to Zeus at Olympia, xi. 90 _n._ 1, 91 _n._ 7

Poplar-wood used to kindle need-fire, x. 282

Poplars burnt on Shrove Tuesday, iv. 224 _n._ 1

Poppies as symbols of Demeter, vii. 43 _sq._

Poppy, the, cultivated for opium, vii. 242

Populonia, an unmarried Roman goddess, vi. 231

_Populus trichocarpa_ in homoeopathic magic, i. 145

Porcupine, a Bechuana totem, viii. 164 _sq._; respected by some Indians, viii. 243; transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299; as charm to ensure women an easy delivery, x. 49

Pork forbidden to enchanters of crops, vii. 100 _sq._; not eaten by field labourers, viii. 33; taboo as to entering a sanctuary after eating, viii. 85; reason for not eating, viii. 296. _See also_ Pig’s flesh _and_ Swine’s flesh

Porphyry, on a human god in Egypt, i. 390; on the souls of trees, ii. 12; on Phoenician sacrifices of children, iv. 167, 179; on the _Bouphonia_, viii. 5 _n._ 1; on the homoeopathic diet of diviners, viii. 143 _n._ 7; on demons, ix. 104

Porridge smeared on body as a purification, iii. 176

Port Charlotte in Islay, vii. 166; stone used in cure for toothache near, ix. 62

—— Darwin, in Australia, conception in women not regarded as a direct result of cohabitation among the tribes about, v. 103

—— Lincoln tribe of South Australia, prohibition to mention the names ofthe dead in the, iii. 365; their superstition as to lizards, xi. 216 _sq._

—— Moresby, in British New Guinea, ix. 84; taboos as to trading voyages at, iii. 203; homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet at, viii. 145

—— Stephens (Stevens), in New South Wales, burial at flood tide among the natives at, i. 168; medicine-men drive away rain at, i. 253

Porta Capena at Rome, i. 18, ii. 185, v. 273

_Porta Querquetulana_ at Rome, ii. 185 _n._ 3

—— _Triumphalis_ at Rome, xi. 195

Porto Novo, the negroes of, their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 265; the King of Night at, ii. 23 _sq._; in Guinea, precaution taken by executioner against the ghosts of his victims at, iii. 171; on the Slave Coast, vicarious human sacrifices at, iv. 117; annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 205

Portrait statues, external souls of Egyptian kings deposited in, xi. 157

Portraits, souls in, iii. 96 _sqq._; supposed dangers of, iii. 96 _sqq._

Portreath, sacrifice of a calf near, to cure disease of cows and horses,