ii. 165

Philippine Islanders believe the souls of their ancestors to be in certain trees, ii. 29 _sq._

—— Islands, the Tagalogs of the, ii. 18 _sq._; the Tagales of the, ii. 36; the Bagobos of the, iii. 31, 315, vii. 240, viii. 124; the Agutainos of the, iii. 144; verbal taboos observed by natives of the, iii. 416; grave of the Creator in the, iv. 3; human sacrifices before sowing in the, vii. 240; head-hunting in the, vii. 240 _sq._, 256; the Efugaos of the, viii. 152; the Italones of the, viii. 152; the Igorrots of the, viii. 292; the Negritos of the, ix. 82; spirits of the dead in the, ix. 82; the Tagbanuas of the, ix. 189

Philistines, the foreskins of the, coveted by the Israelites, i. 101 _n._ 2; their corn burnt by Samson, vii. 298 _n._; their charm against mice, viii. 281, 283

Philo of Alexandria (Judaeus), his doctrine of the Trinity, iv. 6 _n._; on the date of the corn-reaping, v. 231 _n._ 3; on the mockery of King Agrippa, ix. 418

Philo of Byblus, on the sacrifice of kings’ sons among the Semites, iv. 166, 179

Philocalus, ancient Roman calendar of, v. 303 _n._ 2, 304 _n._ 3, 307 _n._, vi. 95 _n._ 1

Philochorus, Athenian antiquary, on the date of the Festival of the Threshing-floor, vii. 62

Philosophy as a solvent of religion, ii. 377; primitive, iii. 420 _sq._

——, school of, at Tarsus, v. 118

Philostephanus, Greek historian, on Pygmalion and Aphrodite, v. 49 _n._ 4

Philostratus, on death at low tide, i. 167; on sacrifice to Hercules, i. 282 _n._ 1

Phlius, gilt image of goat at, vii. 17 _sq._

Phocaeans, dead, propitiated with games, iv. 95

Phocylides, the poet, on Nineveh, ix. 390

Phoenicia, song of Linus in, vii. 216

Phoenician kings in Cyprus, v. 49

—— temples in Malta, v. 35; sacred prostitution in, v. 37

—— vintage song, vii. 216, 257

Phoenicians, their custom of human sacrifice, iv. 166 _sq._, 178, 179

—— in Cyprus, v. 31 _sq._

_Phong long_, ill luck caused by childbirth in Annam, iii. 155

Phosphorescence of the sea, superstitions as to the, ii. 154 _sq._

Photius, on Lityerses, vii. 217 _n._ 1

Photographed or painted, supposed danger of being, iii. 96 _sqq._

Phrixus and Helle, the children of King Athamas, iv. 161 _sqq._

Phrygia, Attis a deity of, v. 263; festival of Cybele in, v. 274 _n._; indigenous race of, v. 287; Lityerses in, vii. 216 _sq._; Cybele and Attis in, ix. 386

Phrygian belief that the god sleeps in winter, vi. 41

—— cap of Attis, v. 279

—— cosmogony, v. 263 _sq._

—— kings named Midas and Gordias, v. 286

—— moon-god, v. 73

—— priests named Attis, v. 285, 287

Phrygians, invaders from Europe, v. 287

_Phyllanthus emblica_ worshipped by a forest tribe in India, viii. 119

Physical basis of magic, i. 174 _sq._; for the theory of an external soul, i. 201

Piaroas Indians of the Orinoco, their belief in the transmigration of human souls into tapirs, viii. 285

Piazza del Limbo at Florence, church of the Holy Apostles on the, x. 126

—— Navona at Rome, Befana on the, ix. 166 _sq._

Picardy, the harvest cock in, vii. 277; Lenten fire-customs in, x. 113; Midsummer fires in, x. 187

Piceni, guided by a woodpecker (_picus_), iv. 106 _n._ 4; traced their origin to a “sacred spring,” iv. 186

Picts, female descent of kingship among the, ii. 280 _sq._, 286

Pictures, supposed danger of, iii. 96 _sqq._

Pidhireanes, a Ruthenian people, custom as to knots on grave-clothes among the, iii. 310

Piedmont, effigy of Carnival burnt on Shrove Tuesday in, iv. 224 _n._ 1; belief as to the “oil of St. John” on St. John’s morning in, xi. 82 _sq._

Piers, Sir Henry, as to green bushes on the Eve of May Day, ii. 59; his _Description of Westmeath_, ii. 59; on candles on Twelfth Night in Ireland, ix. 321

_Pietà_ of Michael Angelo, v. 257

Pietro in Guarano (Calabria), Easter custom at, x. 123

Pig, grunting like a, as a charm, ii. 23; Roman expiatory sacrifice of, ii. 122; the word unlucky, iii. 233; a tabooed word to fishermen, iii. 395; Greek expiatory sacrifice of, vii. 74; corn-spirit as, vii. 298 _sqq._; in relation to Demeter, viii. 16 _sqq._; not eaten in Crete, viii. 21 _n._ 1; attitude of the Jews to the, viii. 23 _sq._; in ancient Egypt, viii. 24 _sqq._; used to decoy demons, ix. 113, 200, 201; roast, at Christmas, x. 259; sacrificed to stay disease in the herd, x. 302. _See also_ Pigs

Pig and Attis, viii. 22

——, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 291

—— and lamb as expiatory victims in the grove of the Arval Brothers at Rome, iii. 226

——, white or red, sacrificed for sunshine, i. 291

Pig’s blood drunk by priests and priestesses as a means of inspiration, i. 382, 382 _n._ 2; used to purge the earth from taint of sexual crime, ii. 107, 108, 109; used in exorcism and purification for homicide, v. 299 _n._ 2, ix. 262

—— bones inserted in the sown field or in the seed-bag among the flax-seed, to make the flax grow tall, vii. 300

—— flesh not eaten by Zulu girls, i. 118; forbidden to women at sowing seed, vii. 115; sown with seed-corn, viii. 18; not eaten by field labourers, viii. 33, 139; reasons for not eating, viii. 139 _sq._ _See also_ Pork _and_ Swine’s flesh

—— liver, omens drawn from, vii. 97

—— milk thought to cause leprosy, viii. 24, 25

—— tail stuck in field at sowing to make the ears grow long, vii. 300

Pigeon in homoeopathic magic, i. 151; used in a love-charm, ii. 345 _sq._; family of Wild, in Samoa, viii. 29; external soul of ogre in a, xi. 100; external soul of dragon in a, xi. 112 _sq._

Pigeon’s egg, external soul of fairy being in, xi. 132 _sq._, 139

Pigeons, special language employed by Malays in snaring, iii. 407 _sq._; souls of dead in, viii. 293; deposit seed of mistletoe, xi. 316 _n._ 1

Pigs, magical ceremonies to catch wild pigs, i. 109; magical stones to breed, i. 164; sacrificed to souls of ancestors, i. 339; sacrificed at the marriage of Sun and Earth, ii. 99; bred by the people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 _n._ 3; sacrificed once a year by the Egyptians to Osiris and the Moon, vi. 131,