viii. 327

Peat-bogs of Europe, ii. 350 _sqq._

Pebbles in rain-making, i. 305; thrown into Midsummer fires, x. 183

Pechuyos, the, of Bolivia, ate the powdered bones of their dead, viii. 157

Peg used to transfer disease to tree, ix. 7

Pegasus and Bellerophon, v. 302 _n._ 4

Pegging ailments into trees, ix. 58 _sqq._

Pegu, dance of hermaphrodites in, v. 271 _n._; worship of _nats_ in, ix. 96

Peguenches, Indian tribe of South America, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 59

_Peitho_, epithet of Artemis, i. 37 _n._ 1

Peking, the High Court of, i. 298; the Colonial Office at, i. 412 _sq._; Ibn Batuta at, v. 289; life-tree of the Manchu dynasty at, xi. 167 _sq._

_Peking Gazette_, i. 355, iv. 274, 275

Pélé, goddess of the volcano Kirauea in Hawaii, v. 217 _sqq._

Peleus, son of Aeacus, reigned in Phthia, ii. 278

Pelew Islanders, pray tree-spirit to leave tree which is to be felled, ii. 35; their system of mother-kin, vi. 204 _sqq._; predominance of goddesses over gods among the, vi. 204 _sqq._; customs of the, vi. 253 _sqq._; their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 293; their gods, ix. 81 _sq._

—— Islands, human gods in the, i. 389; special terms used with reference to persons of the blood-royal in the, i. 401 _n._ 3; removal of fire from a house after a death in the, ii. 267 _n._ 4; seclusion and purification of man-slayers in the, iii. 179; continence of fishermen in the, iii. 193; taboos observed by relations of murdered man in the, iii. 240; story of the type of Beauty and the Beast in the, iv. 130 _n._ 1; and the ancient East, parallel between, vi. 208; prostitution of unmarried girls in the, vi. 264 _sq._; custom of slaying chiefs in the, vi. 266 _sqq._; deceiving the ghost of woman who has died in childbed in the, viii. 98

Pelias and Jason, iii. 311

Pelion, Mount, sacrifices offered on the top of, at the rising of Sirius, vi. 36 _n._

Pellene, Artemis at, i. 15 _n._ 4

Pelopidae, the, migrations of, ii. 279

Peloponnese, May Day in, ii. 143 _n._ 2; worship of Poseidon in, v. 203

Pelops succeeded his father-in-law on the throne, ii. 279; Olympic games founded in his honour, iv. 92; restored to life, v. 181, viii. 263; his ivory shoulder, viii. 263 _sq._

—— at Olympia, ii. 300, iv. 104, xi. 90 _n._ 1; sacred precinct of, ii. 300, iv. 104, 287; black ram sacrificed to, iv. 92, 104, viii. 85

—— and Hippodamia, at Olympia, ii. 299 _sq._, iv. 91

Peloria, a Thessalian festival resembling the Saturnalia, ix. 350

Pelorian Zeus, ix. 350

_Peltophorum africanum_, Sond., branches of the tree used at sowing corn, ii. 46

_Pemali_, taboo, among the Dyaks, ix. 39

Pemba, island off German East Africa, xi. 263

Pembrokeshire, the last sheaf called the Hag in, vii. 142 _sqq._; “cutting the neck” at harvest in, vii. 267; hunting the wren in, viii. 320; cure for warts in, ix. 53

Penance observed after building a new house, ii. 40; for killing a boa-constrictor, iii. 222; for the slaughter of the dragon, iv. 78; by drawing blood from ears, ix. 292

Penates, the, Roman gods of the storeroom (_penus_), ii. 205 _sq._

Pendle, gathering of witches at Hallowe’en in the forest of, x. 245

Penelope won by Ulysses in a race, ii. 300

Peneus, the river, at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240

“Penitential of Theodore” on the custom of wearing cows’ hides on New Year’s Day, viii. 323 _n._ 1

Pennant, Thomas, on knots at marriage in the Highlands of Scotland, iii. 300 _nn._ 1 and 2; on the custom of kindling twelve fires on Twelfth Day in Gloucestershire, ix. 321; on weather forecasts for the year in the Highlands of Scotland, ix. 324; on Beltane fires and cakes in Perthshire, x. 152; on Hallowe’en fires in Perthshire, x. 230

Pennefather River in Queensland, belief as to reincarnation among the natives of the, i. 99 _sq._; beliefs as to the afterbirth among the natives of the, i. 183 _sq._; belief of the natives as to the birth of children, v. 103; treatment of girls at puberty on the, x. 38; effigies of strangers among the natives of the, xi. 159

Pennyroyal, the communion cup in the Eleusinian mysteries flavoured with, vii. 161 _n._ 4; burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213, 214; gathered at Midsummer, xi. 51

_Pentamerone_, the, story of dragon twin in, xi. 105

Pentateuch, evidence of moral evolution in the, iii. 219

Pentheus, king of Thebes, torn to pieces by the Bacchanals, vi. 98, vii. 24, 25

Penza, Government of, in Russia, the “Funeral of Kostroma” in, iv. 262

Penzance, horn-blowing at, on the eve of May Day, ix. 163 _sq._; Midsummer fires at, x. 199 _sq._

Peoples said to be ignorant of the art of kindling fire, ii. 253 _sqq._

—— of the Aryan stock, annual festivals of the dead among the, vi. 67 _sqq._

Peperuga, girl dressed in greenery at rain-making ceremony in Bulgaria, i. 274

Pepi the First, king of Egypt, vi. 5; his pyramid, vi. 4 _n._ 1

Pepper rubbed into bodies of sufferers as a cure or exorcism, iii. 106; rubbed into eyes of strangers, iii. 114

—— and salt, abstinence from, during fasts, i. 266, ii. 98

Pepys, Samuel, on Charles II. touching for scrofula, i. 369; on the milkmaids’ dance on May Day, ii. 52; on the coronation ceremony of Charles the Second, ii. 322

Perak, Malay superstition as to _toallong_ trees in, ii. 41; superstition as to blood-sucking snail in, iii. 81 _sq._; belief as to the Spectral Huntsman in, iv. 178; periodic expulsion of evils in, ix. 198 _sqq._; the rajah of, ix. 198 _sq._

Perasia, Artemis, at Castabala, v. 115, 167 _sqq._; walk of her priestesses over fire, v. 115, 168

Perche, in France, homoeopathic cure for vomiting in, i. 83 _sq._; Midsummer fires in, x. 188; St. John’s herb gathered on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 46; the _Chêne-Doré_ in, xi. 287 _n._ 1

—— and Beauce, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 198. _See_ Beauce

Perchta, Frau, a mythical old woman in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, ix. 240 _sq._

Perchta’s Day, Twelfth Night or the Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 240, 242, 244

_Perchten_, maskers in Salzburg and the Tyrol, ix. 240, 242 _sqq._

Percival, R., on the fear of demons in Ceylon, ix. 94 _sq._

Perdoytus, the Lithuanian wind-god (reported), i. 326 _n._ 5

Peregrinus, his death by fire at Olympia, iv. 42, v. 181

Perforating arms and legs of young men, girls, and dogs as a ceremony, x. 58

Perga in Pamphylia, Artemis at, v. 35

Pergamus, Aesculapius and Telephus at, iii. 85

Pergine, in the Tyrol, fern-seed on St. John’s Night at, xi. 288 _n._ 6

Pergrubius, a Lithuanian god of the spring, ii. 347 _sq._

Perham, Rev. J., on the blighting effect which the Dyaks ascribe to adultery, ii. 109 _n._ 1; on the Head-feast of the Sea Dyaks, ix. 383 _sq._

Periander, tyrant of Corinth, his burnt sacrifice to his dead wife, v. 179

Periepetam in Southern India, devil-dancer at, i. 382 _n._ 2

Perigord, rolling in dew on St. John’s Day in, v. 248; the Yule log in, x. 250 _sq._, 253; magic herbs gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 46; crawling under a bramble as a cure for boils in, xi. 180

Perils of the soul, iii. 26 _sqq._

Perinthus, the month of Cronion in, ix. 351 _n._ 3

Periodic expulsion of evils in a material vehicle, ix. 198 _sqq._

Periods of licence preceding or following the annual expulsion of demons, ix. 225 _sq._

Periphas, king of Athens, called Zeus by his people, ii. 177

Περίψημα, “offscouring,” applied to human scapegoat, ix. 255 _n._ 1

Peritius, month of, festival of “the awakening of Hercules” in the, v. 111

Perkunas or Perkuns, the Lithuanian god of thunder and lightning, ii. 365 _sqq._; derivation of his name, ii. 367 _n._ 3; his perpetual fire, xi. 91 _n._ 5

Permanence of simpler forms of religion, viii. 335; of the belief in magic and witchcraft, in ghosts and demons, under the higher forms of religion, ix. 89 _sq._

Permanent possession of human beings by deities, i. 386 _sq._

Péronne, mugwort at Midsummer near, xi. 58

Perperia, appealed to for rain by the Greeks of Thessaly and Macedonia, i. 273

Perpetual holy fire in temples of dead kings, vi. 174

—— fires worshipped, v. 191 _sqq._; origin of the custom of maintaining, ii. 253 _sqq._; associated with royal dignity, ii. 261 _sqq._ _See also_ Fires

Perros-Guirec, in Brittany, Renan’s home near, ix. 70

Perrot, G., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 138 _n._

Persea-trees in the rites of Osiris, vi. 87 _n._ 5; growing over the tomb of Osiris, vi. 88

Persephone, mother of Zagreus by Zeus, vii. 12; carried off by Pluto, vii. 36, viii. 19; a personification of the corn, vii. 39 _sq._; in Greek art, vii. 43 _sq._, 67 _sq._, viii. 88 _sq._; the descent of, vii. 46, viii. 17; the Corn Maiden or Corn Daughter, vii. 53, 58 _sq._, 75, 184; associated with the ripe ears of corn, viii. 58; forty days of mourning for, ix. 348 _sq._

——, name applied to spring, vi. 41

—— and Aphrodite, their contest for Adonis, v. 11 _sq._

—— and Demeter, vii. 35 _sqq._; their myth acted in the mysteries of Eleusis, vii. 39, 187 _sq._; as a double personification of the corn, vii. 209 _sqq._

—— and Pluto, viii. 9; temple of, v. 205; rustic prototypes of, viii. 334

Perseus in Egypt, iii. 312 _n._ 2; the virgin birth of, v. 302 _n._ 4

—— and Andromeda, ii. 163

—— and the Gorgon, iii. 312

Persia, temporary kings in, iv. 157 _sqq._; cure for toothache in, ix. 59; the feast of Purim in, ix. 393

Persian calendar, the oldest, March the first month of the year in, ix. 402

—— ceremony, “Ride of the Beardless One,” ix. 402

—— charm to make the wind blow, i. 320

—— fire-worship and priests, v. 191

—— framework of the book of Esther, ix. 362, 401

—— kings, sacred fire carried before, ii. 264; their custom at meals, iii. 119; their heads cleaned once a year, iii. 253; married the wives of their predecessors, ix. 368 _n._ 1

Persians sacrifice horses to the sun, i. 315; their reverence for fire, v. 174 _sq._; their festival of the dead, vi. 68; annually expel demons, ix. 145; the Sacaea celebrated by the, ix. 402; their marriages at the vernal equinox, ix. 406 _n._ 3; celebrate a festival of fire at the winter solstice, x. 269

Personation of gods by priests, v. 45, 46 _sqq._; by human victims, ix. 275 _sqq._

Personification of abstract ideas not primitive, iv. 253; of corn as mother and daughter, vii. 130, 207 _sqq._

Person’s destiny bound up with his navel-string or afterbirth, i. 198

Persons thought to influence and to be influenced by plants homoeopathically, i. 139 _sqq._, 144 _sqq._; tabooed, iii. 131 _sqq._; wrapt in corn as representatives of the corn-spirit, vii. 225 _sq._

Perthshire, custom of unloosing knots at marriage in, iii. 299 _sq._; the harvest Maiden in, vii. 156 _sq._; Beltane fires and cakes in, x. 152 _sq._; traces of Midsummer fires in, x. 206; Hallowe’en bonfires in, x. 230 _sqq._; need-fire in, x. 296 _sq._

Peru, theocratic despotism of ancient, i. 218; sacred new fire at the summer solstice in, ii. 243, x. 132; earthquakes in, v. 202; sacrifice of sons in, vi. 220 _n._ 4; autumn festival in, ix. 262

——, the Aymara Indians of, i. 292, iii. 97, ix. 193

——, the Cholones of, i. 116

——, the Conchucos of, viii. 258 _n._ 1

——, the Conibos of, ii. 183 _n._ 2

——, the Incas of, i. 196, ii. 243 _sq._, ix. 128; claim to be descended from the sun, i. 415. _See also_ Incas

——, Indians of, ceremony to obtain offspring among the, i. 71; their charm to cause sleep, i. 148; their magical stones for the increase of maize, potatoes, and cattle, i. 162; their belief as to the relation of twins to rain and the weather, i. 265 _sqq._; their way of making sunshine, i. 314; their festival to make alligator pears ripen, ii. 98; their women pray to the moon for an easy delivery, ii. 128 _n._ 2; their custom of marrying a girl to a sacred stone, ii. 146; no fire in their houses after a death, ii. 268 _n._; their belief as to washing their heads, iii. 253; preserved their cut hair and nails against the resurrection, iii. 279 _sq._; their custom of sprinkling blood on doorways, iv. 176 _n._ 1; sacrifice of children among the, iv. 185; cultivation of fields left to women among the, vii. 122; their worship of the Pleiades, vii. 310; worshipped whales and fish of several kinds, viii. 249 _sq._; washed their sins away in a river, ix. 3 _sq._ _See also_ Peruvian _and_ Peruvians

Peru, the Piros Indians of, viii. 286

——, the Sencis of, i. 311

——, the Yuracares of, ii. 183 _n._ 2

Perun, the thunder-god of the Slavs, ii. 365, vii. 233; sacrifice of first-born children to, iv. 183; the oak sacred to, xi. 89

Peruvian Andes, i. 316

—— Indians, their use of magical images, i. 56; their rain-charm by means of a black sheep, i. 290; their preparation for office, iii. 159 _n._; confession of sins among the, iii. 216 _n._ 2; their custom as to shooting stars, iv. 63 _n._ 1; their theory of earthquakes, v. 201; transfer weariness to heaps of stones, ix. 9; their offerings at cairns, ix. 27

—— Vestals, ii. 243 _sqq._

Peruvians, division of agricultural labours between the sexes among the,