viii. 165;

the Tjingilli tribe of, ix. 2; pointing sticks or bones in, x. 14 _n._ 3; its desert nature, xi. 230 _n._ 2

Australia, Northern, the Anula of, i. 253, 287; the Tjingilli of, i. 288; homoeopathic magic of flesh diet in, viii. 145

——, North-West, fat about heart of great warrior eaten to acquire his courage in, viii. 150 _sq._

——, South, custom as to the placenta in, i. 183; the Dieri of, ii. 29; the Narrinyeri of, iii. 126 _sq._, 372, viii. 259 _n._; the Encounter Bay tribe of, iii. 127, 251, 355, 359, 372, vii. 126; the Booandik tribe of, iii. 251, 346; the Adelaide tribe of, iii. 355; the Port Lincoln tribe of, iii. 365; first-born children destroyed among some tribes of, iv. 180

——, South-Eastern, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 207 _sq._; contagious magic of bodily impressions among the aborigines of, i. 213; belief as to the connexion of frogs with rain in, i. 292 _sq._; the Theddora and Ngarigo tribes of, viii. 151; sex totems among the natives of, xi. 214 _sqq._

——, South-Western, medicine-men (doctors) in, i. 336

——, Western, belief as to the placenta in, i. 183; belief as to water-serpents in, ii. 156; names of the dead not mentioned in, iii. 364; native women dig for yam roots in, vii. 126 _sq._; the aborigines of, call certain flowering plants “Mothers,” vii. 130

Australian aborigines, magical images among the, i. 62; ceremonies of initiation among the, i. 92 _sqq._; contagious magic of teeth among the, i. 176; magic of navel-string and afterbirth among the, i. 183 _sq._; magic universally practised but religion nearly unknown among the, i. 234; their custom of carrying fire with them, ii. 257; their conception of the soul, iii. 27; dread of a wife’s mother among the, iii. 83 _sq._; die from effects of imagination, iii. 136; their fear of menstruous women, iii. 145; of Queensland burn women’s cut hair, iii. 282; burn women’s hair after childbirth, iii. 284; personal names kept secret among the, iii. 320 _sqq._; their fear of naming the dead, iii. 349 _sqq._; namesakes of the dead change their names among the, iii. 355 _sq._; changes in their languages caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 358 _sqq._; their fear of a woman stepping over them, iii. 424; their beliefs as to shooting stars, iv. 60 _sq._, 64; their custom of destroying first-born children, iv. 179 _sq._; their custom of killing and eating children, iv. 180 _n._ 1; infanticide among the, iv. 187 _n._ 6; their preparation for marriage, v. 60; their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 99 _sqq._; their cuttings for the dead, v. 268; division of labour between the sexes in regard to the collection of food among, vii. 126 _sqq._; worshipped the Pleiades as the givers of rain, vii. 307; their belief that the Pleiades were once women, vii. 308 _n._; anoint themselves with the fat of the dead in order to acquire their qualities, viii. 162 _sq._; their objection to breaking the bones of the native bear, viii. 258 _n._ 2; their custom of burning the bones of the animals which they eat, viii. 259 _n._ 1; their mutilations of the dead, viii. 272; their totemism the most primitive known to us, viii. 311; said to propitiate the kangaroos which they have killed, viii. 312 _n._; their cure for toothache, ix. 6; their belief in demons, ix. 74

Australian blacks afraid of passing under a leaning tree, iii. 250 _n._ 1

—— custom of placing stones in trees, i. 318; as to blood shed at initiatory rites, rain-making, etc., iii. 244

—— funeral custom, iv. 92

—— languages, words for fire and wood in, xi. 296

—— magic wrought on cut hair, iii. 269

—— medicine-man, his recovery of a lost soul, iii. 54

—— mode of magically tying up the inside of an enemy, iii. 303

—— tribes, their custom of knocking out teeth of boys at initiation, i. 176

—— way of detaining the sun, i. 318; of hastening the descent of the sun, i. 318 _sq._

Australians, the Central, their ceremony for multiplying kangaroos, viii. 165

Austria, dancing or leaping as a charm to make flax grow tall in, i. 138; gipsy mode of stopping rain in, i. 295 _sq._; meal offered to the wind in, i. 329 _n._ 5; peasants of, their belief in the sensitiveness of trees, ii. 18; belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424; leaping over Midsummer fires in, v. 251; children warned against the Corn-cock in, vii. 276; mythical Calf in corn in, vii. 292; cure for warts in, ix. 48; dances or leaps to make the crops grow high in, ix. 238; “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268 _sq._; custom of young people beating each other on Holy Innocents’ Day in, ix. 270; weather of the twelve months thought to be determined by the weather of the Twelve Days in, ix. 322; weather forecasts in, ix. 323; the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329; Midsummer fires in, x. 172 _sqq._; the Yule log among the Servians of, x. 262 _sqq._; fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65; mistletoe used to prevent nightmare in, xi. 85

Austria, Lower, presages as to shadows on St. Sylvester’s Day in, iii. 88

——, Upper, processions round fields on St. George’s Day in, ii. 344; need-fire in, x. 279

Austrian charm to make fruit-trees bear, i. 140 _sq._

Autumn, ceremony of the Esquimaux in late, ix. 125

—— fires, x. 220 _sqq._

Autun, procession of goddess at, ii. 144; the Festival of Fools at, ix. 335

Auvergne, milk bewitched at Corrèze in, iii. 93; Lenten fires in, x. 111 _sq._; story of a were-wolf in, x. 308 _sq._

Auxerre, the last sheaf called the Corn-mother near, vii. 135; “killing the Bull” at threshing at, vii. 291

Auxesia and Damia, female powers of fertility at Troezen, i. 39

_Ave Maria_ bell on Midsummer Eve, xi. 47

Avebury, Lord, on the distinction between religion and magic, i. 225 _n._; on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 146 _n._, 273

Avengers of blood, ceremony performed by, before starting, i. 92

Aventine, Diana on the, ii. 128; oaks on the, ii. 185

Avernus, Lake, and the Golden Bough, xi. 285 _n._ 2

Aversion of spirits and fairies to iron, iii. 229, 232 _sq._; to innovation among savages, iii. 230 _sqq._

Averting ill-luck at marrying a second, third, or fourth wife, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Avestad, in Sweden, heaps of sticks and stones on graves at, ix. 20 _sq._

Avoidance of the wife’s mother, iii. 83 _sqq._; of common words to deceive spirits or other beings, iii. 416 _sqq._

“Awakening of Hercules,” festival at Tyre, v. 111

Awa-nkonde, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 28

“Awasungu, the house of the,” x. 28

Awe, Loch, vii. 165; the Old Wife at harvest on, vii. 142

Awemba, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, their belief in a supreme being, vi. 174; their worship of ancestral spirits, vi. 175; their prayers to dead kings before going to war, vi. 191 _sq._; woman’s part in agriculture among the, vii. 115; among them murderers mutilate their victims in order to disable their ghosts, viii. 272 _sq._

Awka in South Nigeria, taboos observed by priest at, x. 4

Awujale, title of chief of the Ijebu tribe, in South Nigeria, iv. 112

Awuna tribes of the Gold Coast, their belief as to the sacredness of their heads, iii. 257

Axe, emblem of Hittite god of thundering sky, v. 134; as divine emblem, v. 163; symbol of Asiatic thunder-god, v. 183; that slew the ox, trial and condemnation of the, viii. 5

——, double-headed, symbol of Sandan, v. 127; carried by Lydian kings, v. 182; a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, v. 182; figured on coins, v. 183 _n._

Axim, on the Gold Coast, annual expulsion of the devil at, ix. 131

Ayambori, in Dutch New Guinea, woman’s share in agriculture among the Papuans of, vii. 123

Aymara Indians of Peru and Bolivia, their rain-charm by means of frogs, i. 292; afraid of being photographed, iii. 97; their use of a black llama as a scapegoat in time of plague, ix. 193

Ayrshire, mode of cutting the last corn in, vii. 154; “cutting the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 279

_Azadirachta Indica_ in a rain-charm, i. 293

Azazel, a bad angel, in connexion with the Jewish scapegoat, ix. 210 _n._ 4

Azemmour, in Morocco, cairns reared by pilgrims near, ix. 21; Midsummer fires at, x. 214

Azores, bonfires and divination on Midsummer Eve in the, x. 208 _sq._; fern-seed at Midsummer in the, xi. 66

Aztec mode of keeping sorcerers from houses, iii. 93

—— priests, their hair unshorn, iii. 259

Aztecs, their view of intoxication as inspiration, iii. 249 _sq._; their priests, iii. 259; their festival at end of fifty-two years, vii. 310 _sq._; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 310 _sq._; their sacred new fire, vii. 310 _sq._; eating the god among the, viii. 86 _sqq._; their custom of sacrificing human representatives of gods, ix. 275; their five supplementary days, ix. 339; their punishment of witches and wizards, xi. 159

Azur, the month of March, ix. 403

Azyingo, Lake, in West Africa, viii. 235

Ba-Bwende, a tribe of the Congo, v. 271 _n._

Ba-Lua, in the Congo region, will not pronounce name of their tribe, iii. 330

—— -Mbala, a Bantu tribe, woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 119

—— -Pedi, the, of South Africa, grave-diggers not allowed to handle food among, iii. 141; women in childbed not allowed to handle food, iii. 148 _sq._; their superstitions as to miscarriage in childbed, iii. 153 _sq._; their continence in war, iii. 163; continence at building a new village among the, iii. 202; their belief as to a woman stepping over their legs, iii. 424

—— -Ronga, the, of South Africa, their women employ a child under puberty to light the potter’s kiln, ii. 205. _See_ Baronga

—— -Sundi, a tribe of the Congo, v. 271 _n._

—— -Thonga, the, of South Africa, grave-diggers not allowed to handle food among the, iii. 141; women in childbed not allowed to handle food, iii. 148 _sq._; attribute drought to concealed miscarriage in childbed, iii. 154; their continence in war, iii. 163; continence at building a new village among the, iii. 202; their belief as to a woman stepping over their legs, iii. 424. _See also_ Thonga

—— -Yaka, tribe of the Congo State, power of magicians among the, i. 348; custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 _n._ 1; their use of nail-parings in making treaties, iii. 274

—— -Yanzi, tribe of the Congo State, the chief as a magician among the, i. 348 _sq._

Baal, Semitic god, in relation to Minos and Minotaur, iv. 75; the prophets of, their cutting themselves with knives, i. 258; human sacrifices to, iv. 167 _sqq._, 195, ix. 353, 354; kings claiming affinity with, v. 15; royal names compounded with, v. 16; as the god of fertility, v. 26 _sq._; conceived as god who fertilizes land by subterranean water, v. 159

—— and Beltane, x. 149 _n._ 1, 150 _n._ 1, 157

—— of the Lebanon, v. 32

—— and Sandan at Tarsus, v. 142 _sq._, 161

Baal of Tarsus, v. 117 _sqq._, 162 _sq._

Baalath or Astarte, v. 26, 34

—— and Baal, v. 27

—— Gebal, v. 14

Baalbec (Heliopolis), in Syria, v. 28; the ruins at, i. 30 _n._ 3; sacred prostitution at, v. 37; image of Hadad at, v. 163

Baalim, the, lords of underground waters, ii. 159; firstlings and first-fruits offered to the, v. 27; called lovers, v. 75 _n._

Baba or Boba, name given to last sheaf, vii. 144 _sq._; “the Old Woman,” at the Carnival, viii. 332, 333

_Babalawo_, a Yoruba priest, ix. 212

Babar Archipelago, ceremony to obtain a child for a barren woman in the,